MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
___ -SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Programming with Python Subject Code: Important Instructions to

examiners:

22616

1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in
the model answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the
examiner may try to assess the understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be
given more Importance (Not applicable for subject English and
Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components
indicated in the figure. The figures drawn by candidate and model answer may
vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the
assumed constant values may vary and there may be some difference in the
candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of
examiner of relevant answer based on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other
program based on equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in
English/Marathi and Bilingual (English + Marathi) medium is introduced at first
year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year 2021-2022. Hence if the
students in first year (first and second semesters) write answers in Marathi or
bilingual language (English +Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the same
and assess the answer based on matching of concepts with model answer.
Q. Sub Answer Marking
No. Q. Scheme
N.

1 Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10 M

a) List features of Python. 2M

Ans Features of Python are listed below: Any 2,

• Easy to Learn and Use 1 M each
• Interpreted Language
• Interactive Mode
• Free and Open Source
• Platform Independence/Cross-platform
Language/Portable
• Object-Oriented Language
• Extensible

b) Describe membership operators in python 2M

 Ans • The membership operators in Python are used to find the 2 M for
existence of a particular element in the sequence, and proper
used only with sequences like string, tuple, list, explanation
dictionary etc.
• Membership operators are used to check an item or an
element that is part of a string, a list or a tuple. A
membership operator reduces the effort of searching an
element in the list.

c) Write down the output of the following Python code 2M

>>>indices-['zero','one','two',' three,' four, five']
i) >>>indices[:4]
ii) >>>indices[:-2]

Ans Output as follows: 1 M for

i) >>>indices[:4] each
[zero, one, two, three] correct
ii) >>>indices[:-2] output
[zero, one, two, three]

d) Describe any two data conversion function. 2M

Ans • int(x [,base]): Converts x to an integer. base Any 2

specifies the base if x is a string. Conversion
Example: x=int('1100',base=2)=12 function
• long(x [,base]): Converts x to a long integer. base 2M
specifies the base if x is a string.
Example: x=long(‘123’base=8)=83L
• float(x): Converts x to a floating point number.
Example: x=float('123.45')=123.45
• complex(real[,imag]) : Creates a complex number.
Example: x=complex(1,2) = (1+2j)
• str(x): Converts object x to a string representation.
Example: x=str(10) = ‘10’
• repr(x): Converts object x to an expression string
Example: x=repr(3) = 3
• repr(x): Evaluates a string and returns an object.
Example: x=eval('1+2') = 3
• tuple(s): Converts s to a tuple
Example:
x=tuple('123') = ('1', '2', '3')
x=tuple([123]) = (123,)
• list(s): Converts s to a list
Example:
x=list('123') = ['1', '2', '3']
x=list(['12'] = ['12']
• set(s): Converts s to a set
Example:
x=set('Python')
= {'y', 't', 'o', 'P', 'n', 'h'}
• dict(d): Creates a dictionary. d must be a sequence of (key,
value) tuples.
 Example:
dict={'id':'11','name':'vijay'}
print(dict)
={'id': '11', 'name': 'vijay'}
• chr(x): Converts an integer to a character.
Example: x=chr(65) = ‘A’
• unichr(x): Converts an integer to a Unicode character
Example: x=unichr(65) =u’A’
• ord(x): Converts a single character to its integer value.
Example: x=ord('A')= 65
• hex(x): Converts an integer to a hexadecimal string.
Example: x=hex(12) = 0xc
• oct(x): Converts an integer to an octal string.
Example: x=oct(8) = 0o10

e) With neat example explain default constructor concept in 2M

Python.

Ans The default constructor is simple constructor which does not Explanation
accept any arguments. It’s definition has only one argument 1 M,
which is a reference to the instance being constructed. Example
1M
Example 1: Display Hello message using default constructor.

class Student:

def _ _init_ _(self):

print("This is non parametrized constructor")

def show(self,name):

print("Hello",name)

s1 = Student()

s1.show("Student1")

Output:

This is non parametrized constructor

Hello Student1

f) Describe mkdir() function. 2M

Ans • We can make a new directory using the mkdir() method. Explanation
• This method takes in the path of the new directory. If the full 2M
path is not specified, the new directory is created in the
current working directory.
 Syntax: os.mkdir(“newdir”)

Example:

>>> import os

>>> os.mkdir("testdir")

g) Describe Multiline comment in python. 2M

Ans • In some situations, multiline documentation is required for a 2 M for

program. If we have comments that extend multiple lines, proper
one way of doing it is to use hash (#) in the beginning of explanation
each line. Another way of doing this is to use quotation
marks, either ''' or """.
• Similarly, when it sees the triple quotation marks ''' it
scans for the next ''' and ignores any text in between
the triple quotation marks.
Example: For multiline comment.

'''This is first python program

Print is a statement'''

2. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M

a) Describe Keyword "continue" with example. 4M

Ans • The continue statement in Python returns the control to the Explanation
beginning of the while loop. 2M,
• The continue statement rejects all the remaining statements Example
in the current iteration of the loop and moves the control 2M
back to the top of the loop.
Syntax: continue

Example: For continue statement.

i=0

while i<10:

i=i+1

if i==5:

continue

print("i= ",i)
 Output:

i=1
i=2
i=3
i=4
i=6
i=7
i=8
i=9
i=10

b) Explain creating Dictionary and accessing 4M

Dictionary Elements with example.

Ans Creating Dictionary Creating

Dictionary
The simplest method to create dictionary is to simply explanation
assign the pair of key:values to the dictionary using with
operator (=). example 2
• There are two ways for creation of dictionary in python. M,
1. We can create a dictionary by placing a comma- Accessing
separated list of key:value pairs in curly braces{}. Dictionary
Each key is separated from its associated value by a
Element
colon:
with
Example: For creating a dictionary using { }.
example 2
>>> dict1={} #Empty dictionary M
>>> dict1
{}
>>> dict2={1:"Orange", 2:"Mango",
3:"Banana"} #Dictionary with integer keys
>>> dict2
{1: 'Orange', 2: 'Mango', 3: 'Banana'}
>>> dict3={"name":"vijay", 1:[10,20]}
#Dictionary with mixed keys >>> dict3
{'name': 'vijay', 1: [10, 20]}

2. Python provides a build-in function dict() for creating a

dictionary

Example: Creating directory using dict().

> d1=dict({1:"Orange",2:"Mango",3:"Banana"})
> d2=dict([(1,"Red"),(2,"Yellow"),(3,"Green")])
> d3=dict(one=1, two=2, three=3)
> d1
{1: 'Orange', 2: 'Mango', 3: 'Banana'}
>>> d2
{1: 'Red', 2: 'Yellow', 3: 'Green'}
>>> d3
{'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
 Accessing Values in a Dictionary
• We can access the items of a dictionary by following
ways:
1. Referring to its key name, inside square brackets([]).
Example: For accessing dictionary items [ ] using.
> dict1={'name':'vijay','age':40}
> dict1['name']
'vijay'
>>> dict1['adr']
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#79>", line 1, in <module>
dict1['adr']
KeyError: 'adr'
>>>
Here, if we refer to a key that is not in the dictionary,
you’ll get an
exception. This error can be avoided by using get() method.

2. Using get() method returns the value for key if key

is in the dictionary, else None, so that this method
never raises a KeyError.
Example: For accessing dictionary elements by
get().
> dict1={'name':'vijay','age':40}
> dict1.get('name')
'vijay'

c) Explain any four Python's Built-in Function with example. 4M

Ans • len(list) Any 4 Built

It returns the length of the list. in function
Example: with
>>> list1 example 4 M
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> len(list1)
5
• max(list)
It returns the item that has the maximum value in a
list
Example:
>>> list1
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> max(list1)
5

• sum(list)
Calculates sum of all the elements of list.
Example:
>>>list1
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>>sum(list1)
 15

• min(list)
It returns the item that has the minimum value in a list.
Example:
> list1
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
> min(list1)
1

• list(seq)
It converts a tuple into a list.
Example:

> list1
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
> list(list1)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
• abs(n)
It returns the absolute value of a number.
Example:
> abs(10)
10

• all()
The all() function returns True if all items in an iterable are true,
otherwise it returns False.
Example:
> x=[True, True, True]
> all(x)
True

• any()
The any() function returns True if any item in an iterable are true,
otherwise it returns False. If the iterable object is empty, the any()
function will return False. Example:
> x=[True, False, True]
> any(x)
True

• bin()
The bin() function returns the binary version of a specified integer.
The result will always start >>> bin(10)
Example:
 '0b1010'
with the prefix 0b.

• bool()
The bool() function returns the boolean value of a
specified object.
Example:
>>> bool(1)
True

• exp()
The method exp() returns returns exponential
of x: ex.
x: This is a numeric expression.

Example:
>>> math.exp(1)
2.718281828459045
>>>

d) Write a Python program to find the factorial of 4M

a number provided by the user.

Ans num=int(input("Enter Number:")) Correct

fact=1 program
if num< 0: 4M
print("Sorry, factorial does not exist for negative
numbers")
elif num == 0:
print("The factorial of 0 is 1")
else:
for i in range(1,num + 1):
fact=fact*i
print("The factorial of ",num," is ",fact)

Output:
Enter Number: 5
The factorial of 5 is 120

3. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M

a) Write a python program to input any two tuples 4M

and interchange the tuple variables.

Ans def interchange_tuples(tup1, tup2): Any correct

programming

Page No: 8 | 24
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
____________________________________________________________________________________
______________
 new_tup1 = tup2 logic 4
M
new_tup2 = tup1
return new_tup1, new_tup2
# Input two tuples
tuple1 = tuple(input("Enter the elements of the first tuple (separated by
commas):").split(","))

tuple2 = tuple(input("Enter the elements of the second tuple

(separated by commas): ").split(","))

# Interchange the tuples

result_tuple1, result_tuple2 = interchange_tuples(tuple1, tuple2)

# Display the result

print("Interchanged tuples:")
print("Tuple 1:", result_tuple1)
print("Tuple 2:", result_tuple2)
output:
Enter the elements of the first tuple (separated by commas): 10,20
Enter the elements of the second tuple (separated by commas): 30,40
Interchanged tuples:
Tuple 1: ('30', '40')
Tuple 2: ('10', '20')

b) Explain Bitwise operator in Python with appropriate example. 4M

An Bitwise operators available in Python: Any

s four
1) Bitwise AND (&): Performs a bitwise AND operation on the operato
corresponding bitsof two numbers. Each bit of the output is 1 if r
the corresponding bits of both operands are 1; otherwise, it is 0.
(Each
Example:
for 1
a = 10 # binary: 1010 M)

b = 6 # binary: 0110
 result = a & b
print(result) # Output: 2 (binary: 0010)
2) Bitwise OR (|): Performs a bitwise OR operation on the corresponding bits of two
numbers. Each bit of the output is 0 if the corresponding bits of both operands
are 0; otherwise, it is 1.

Example:
a = 10 # binary: 1010

b = 6 # binary: 0110
result = a | b
print(result) # Output: 14 (binary: 1110)
3) Bitwise XOR (^): Performs a bitwise XOR (exclusive OR) operation on the
corresponding bits of two numbers. Each bit of the output is 1 if the
corresponding bits of the operands are different; otherwise, it is 0.

Example:
a = 10 # binary: 1010

b = 6 # binary: 0110
result = a ^ b
print(result) # Output: 12 (binary: 1100)
4) Bitwise NOT (~): Performs a bitwise NOT operation on a single operand, which
inverts all the bits. It returns the complement of the given number.

Example:

a = 10 # binary: 1010
result = ~a
print(result) # Output: -11 (binary: -1011)
5) Bitwise left shift (<<): Shifts the bits of the left operand to the left by a
specified number of positions. Zeros are shifted in from the right side.

Example:
a = 10 # binary: 1010
result = a << 2
print(result) # Output: 40 (binary: 101000)
6) Bitwise right shift (>>): Shifts the bits of the left operand to the right by a

specified number of positions. Zeros are shifted in from

the left side.
Example:
a = 10 # binary: 1010
result = a >> 2
 print(result) # Output: 2 (binary: 10)

c) With neat example differentiate between readline () 4M

and readlines ( ) functions in file-handling.

Ans readline(): This method reads a single line from the file and readline()
returns it as a string. It moves the file pointer to the next line after explanation
reading. If called again, it will read the subsequent line. for 1 M and
Example
# Open the file in read mode for 1 M
file = open("example.txt", "r") and
# Read the first line readlines()
explanation
line1 = file.readline() for 1 M and
Example
print(line1) for 1 M

# Read the second line

line2 = file.readline()
print(line2)

# Close the file

file.close()
readlines(): This method reads all lines from the file and returns
them as a list of strings. Each line is an individual element in the
list. It reads the entire file content and stores it in memory.

Example:
# Open the file in read mode
file = open("example.txt", "r")

# Read all lines

lines = file.readlines()

# Close the file

file.close()
# Print each line
for line in lines:
print(line)

d) Describe 'Self Parameter with example. 4M

Ans In Python, the self parameter is a convention used in object- Explanation
oriented programming (OOP) to refer to the instance of a class 2 M and
within the class itself. It allows you to access the attributes and example 2
methods of the class from within its own methods. The name self
is not a keyword in Python, but it is widely adopted and M
recommended as a convention.
Example:
class Car:
def __init__(self, make, model, year):
self.make = make
self.model = model
self.year = year

def get_info(self):
info = f"Make: {self.make}, Model: {self.model}, Year:
{self.year}"
return info

def start_engine(self):
print("Engine started!")

# Create an instance of the Car class

my_car = Car("Toyota", "Corolla", 2022)

# Access the attributes using the self parameter

print(my_car.make) # Output: Toyota
print(my_car.model) # Output: Corolla
print(my_car.year) # Output: 2022

# Call the method using the self parameter

car_info = my_car.get_info()
print(car_info) # Output: Make: Toyota, Model: Corolla, Year:
2022

# Call the method that does not require any additional parameters
my_car.start_engine() # Output: Engine started!
 4. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M

a) Differentiate between list and Tuple. 4M

Ans List
Lists are Tuple Any 4
mutable correc
Tuples are
t point
immutable
4M
e implication of iterations is Time- The implication of iterations is comparatively
consum

The list is better for performing A Tuple data type

is appropriate
Lists consume morefor operations, such as insertion and
deletion. accessing the elements

Tuple consumes less memory as

compared to the list

Lists have several built-in methods Tuple does

not have many built-in methods.
memory likely to occur
Unexpected changes and errors are more In a tuple, it is
hard to take place.

b) Explain any four file modes in Python. 4M

Ans Sr. No. Mode Description 1

Mode
1 r Opens a file for reading only. The file for 1
pointer is placed at the beginning of M
the file. This is the default mode.

2 rb Opens a file for reading only in binary

format. The file pointer

is placed at the beginning of the file. This is

the default mode.

3 r+ Opens a file for both reading and writing. The

file pointer placed at the beginning of the file.

4 rb+ Opens a file for both reading and writing in

binary format. The file pointer placed at
the beginning of the file.

5 w Opens a file for writing only. Overwrites

the file if the file exists. If the file does
not exist, creates a new file for writing.

6 wb Opens a file for writing only in binary

format. Overwrites the file if the file
exists. If the file does not exist, creates a
new file for writing

7 w+ Opens a file for both writing and reading.

Overwrites the existing file if the file
 exists. If the file does not exist, creates a
new file for reading and writing.

8 wb+ Opens a file for both writing and reading

in binary format. Overwrites the existing
file if the file exists. If the file does not
exist, creates a new file for reading
and writing

9 a Opens a file for appending. The file

pointer is at the end of the file if the file
exists. That is, the file is in the append
mode. If the file does not exist, it creates a
new file for writing.

10 ab Opens a file for appending in binary

format. The file pointer is at the end of the
file if the file exists. That is, the file is in
the append mode. If the file does not exist,
it creates a new file for writing

11 a+ Opens a file for both appending and

reading. The file pointer is at the end of
the file if the file exists. The file opens in
the append mode. If the file does not exist,
it creates a new file for reading and
writing.

12 ab+ Opens a file for both appending and

reading in binary format. The file pointer
is at the end of the file if the file exists.
The file opens in the append mode. If the
file does not exist, it creates a new file for
reading and writing.

13 t Opens in text mode (default).

14 b Opens in binary mode.

15 + Opens a file for updating (reading and

writing).

c) Write a program to show user defined exception in Python. 4M

Ans class MyException(Exception): Any

correct
def __init__(self, message): logic
self.message = message program
4M

# Function that raises the custom exception

def divide_numbers(a, b):
 if b == 0:
raise MyException("Division by zero is not allowed!")
return a / b

# Main program
try:
num1 = int(input("Enter the numerator: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter the denominator: "))

result = divide_numbers(num1, num2)

print("Result:", result)

except MyException as e:
print("Exception:", e.message)
Note: Any correct program of user defined
exception can be considered. Output:
Enter the numerator: 10
Enter the denominator: 0
Exception: Division by zero is not allowed!
Enter the numerator: 10
Enter the denominator: 5
Result: 2.0

d) Explain Module and its use in Python. 4M

Ans Modules are primarily the (.py) files which contain Python Explanation
programming code defining functions, class, variables, etc. 2 M and
with a suffix .py appended in its file name. use 2 M
• A file containing .py python code is called a module.
• If we want to write a longer program, we can use file where
we can do editing, correction. This is known as creating a
script. As the program gets longer, we may want to split it into
several files for easier maintenance.

• We may also want to use a function that you’ve written in several

programs without
 copying its definition into each program.
• In Python we can put definitions in a file and use them in a
script or in an interactive instance of the interpreter. Such a file
is called a module.

Use of module in python :

Code organization: Modules allow you to organize related
code into separate files, making it easier to navigate and
maintain large projects.

Code reusability: Modules can be imported and reused in

multiple programs, enabling code reuse and reducing
duplication.

Encapsulation: Modules provide a way to encapsulate code and

hide the implementation details, allowing users to focus on the
functionality provided by the module.

Name spacing: Modules help avoid naming conflicts by

providing a separate namespace for the names defined within the
module.

5. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 M

a) Write a Python Program to check if a string is palindrome Or 6M

not.

Ans def is_palindrome(string): Any

correct
# Remove whitespace and convert to lowercase logic
string = string.replace(" ", "").lower() program
6M.
# Reverse the string
reversed_string = string[::-1]
# Check if the original and reversed strings are the same
if string == reversed_string:
return True
else:
return False
# Test the function
input_string = input("Enter a string: ")
if is_palindrome(input_string):
print("The string is a palindrome.")
else:
 print("The string is not a palindrome.")
output:
Enter a string: madam
The string is a palindrome.
Enter a string: abc
The string is not a palindrome.

b) Write a Python program to calculate sum of digit of 6M

given number using function.

Ans def calculate_digit_sum(number): Any

correct
# Convert the number to a string logic
program
num_str = str(number)
6M.
# Initialize a variable to store the sum
digit_sum = 0
# Iterate over each character in the string
for digit in num_str:
# Convert the character back to an integer and add it to
the sum
digit_sum += int(digit)
# Return the sum of the digits
return digit_sum
# Test the function
input_number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
sum_of_digits = calculate_digit_sum(input_number)
print("Sum of digits:", sum_of_digits)
output:
Enter a number: 123
Sum of digits: 6

c) Write a Python Program to accept values from user 6M

in a list and find the largest number and smallest
number in a list.
 num = int(input('How many numbers: ')) program
6M
for n in range(num):

numbers = int(input('Enter number '))

list.append(numbers)

print("Maximum element in the list is :", max(list), "\

nMinimum element in the list is :", min(list))

output:

How many numbers: 5

Enter number 10

Enter number 20

Enter number 30

Enter number 40

Enter number 50

Maximum element in the list is : 50

Minimum element in the list is : 10

6. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 M

a) Explain any six set function with example. 6M

Ans 1) union():Return a new set containing the union of two or 1 function

more sets for 1 M
each
Example:
set1 = {1, 2, 3}
set2 = {3, 4, 5}
union_set = set1.union(set2)
print(union_set) # Output: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
2) Intersection:
Intersection operation performed on two sets returns
all the elements which are common or in both the sets.

Example:
 set1 = {1, 2, 3}
set2 = {2, 3, 4}
intersection_set = set1.intersection(set2)
print(intersection_set) # Output: {2, 3}
3) Difference:
Difference operation on two sets set1 and set2 returns all the elements
which are present on set1 but not in set2.

Example:
set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
set2 = {3, 4}
difference_set = set1.difference(set2)
print(difference_set) # Output: {1, 2, 5}
4) add(element):
This function adds an element to a set.
Example:
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
fruits.add("orange")
print(fruits) # Output: {'apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'orange'}

5) remove(element):
This function removes an element from a set.
Example:
numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
numbers.remove(3)
print(numbers) # Output: {1, 2, 4, 5}
6) clear():
This function removes all elements from a set, making it an
empty set. Example:
numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
 numbers.clear()
print(numbers) # Output: set()
7) isdisjoint():
The isdisjoint() method in Python's set class is used to check whether two
sets have any common elements. It returns True if the sets are disjoint (i.e.,
they have no common elements), and False otherwise. Example:

# Example 1
set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4}
set2 = {5, 6, 7}
set3 = {3, 4, 5}

print(set1.isdisjoint(set2)) # True, no common elements

print(set1.isdisjoint(set3)) # False, both sets have elements 3 and 4

# Example 2
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "orange"}
colors = {"red", "green", "blue"}

print(fruits.isdisjoint(colors)) # True, no common elements

# Example 3
setA = {1, 2, 3}
setB = {4, 5, 6}

print(setA.isdisjoint(setB)) # True, no common elements

8) pop():method in Python's set class is used to remove and return an arbitrary

element from the set. Since sets are unordered collections, there is no guarantee
on which element will be popped.
Example:
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "orange", "grape"}

# Remove and return an arbitrary element from the set

popped_element = fruits.pop()

print(popped_element) # Output: an arbitrary element from the set

print(fruits) # Output: the modified set after popping an element

9) update():The update() method in Python's set class is used to update a set by

adding elements from another iterable or set. It modifies the set in place by
adding all the elements from the iterable or set specified.
Example:
set1 = {1, 2, 3}
set2 = {3, 4, 5}
set1.update(set2)
print(set1) # Output: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

b) Design a class student with data members : name, roll 6M

no., department, mobile no. Create suitable methods for
reading and printing student information.
Ans class Student: Any
correct
def __init__(self): logic
self.name = "" program
6
self.roll_no = "" M

self.department = ""
self.mobile_no = ""

def read_student_info(self):
self.name = input("Enter student name: ")
self.roll_no = input("Enter roll number: ")
self.department = input("Enter department: ")
self.mobile_no = input("Enter mobile number: ")

def print_student_info(self):
print("Student Information:")
print("Name:", self.name)
print("Roll Number:", self.roll_no)
print("Department:", self.department)
print("Mobile Number:", self.mobile_no)

# Create an instance of the Student class

student = Student()
# Read and set student information
student.read_student_info()

# Print student information

student.print_student_info()
output:
Enter student name: raj
Enter roll number: 11
Enter department: computer
Enter mobile number: 123456
Student Information:
Name: raj
Roll Number: 11
Department: computer
Mobile Number: 123456
c) With suitable example explain inheritance in Python.

Ans In inheritance objects of one class procure the properties of objects of another
class. Inheritance provide code usability, which means that some of the new
features can be added to the code while using the existing code. The mechanism
of designing or constructing classes from other classes is called inheritance.

• The new class is called derived class or child class and the class from
which this derived class has been inherited is the base class or parent
class.

• In inheritance, the child class acquires the properties and can access all the data
members and functions defined in the parent class. A child class can also provide
its specific implementation to the functions of the parent class.

Syntax:
class A:
# properties of class A
class B(A):
# class B inheriting property of class A
# more properties of class B
Example:

# Base class
class Animal:
def __init__(self, name):

self.name = name

def speak(self):
print("Animal speaks")

# Derived class inheriting from Animal

class Dog(Animal):
def speak(self):

print("Dog barks")

# Derived class inheriting from Animal

class Cat(Animal):
def speak(self):

print("Cat meows")

# Create instances of derived classes

dog = Dog("Buddy")
cat = Cat("Whiskers")

# Call the speak method of the derived classes

dog.speak() # Output: Dog barks cat.speak() #
Output: Cat meows