Electric Charge and Its Basic Properties, Coulomb’s Law and Nature of Electrostatic Force, Distribution of Charges (Eh ] Mcq J Muitipte Choice Questions 1. Two charges 4, and q, are placed at the centres of two spherical conducting shells of radius r, and r, respectively. The shells are arranged such that their centres are df > (r, + 7,)] distance apart. The force on q, due to q, is: (20231 1 %% 14 at fie o L. OP tr ® Greg —1)? @ m8 as Anegld—(-)P 2, When a negative charge (- Q) is brought near one face of a metal cube, the: RKO] (@) cube becomes positively charged (®) cube becomes negatively charged (0) face near the charge becomes positively charged and the opposite face becomes negatively charged SA_ ) Short Answer Type [il] Questions 5, Four point charges Q, 9,2 a anda are placed at the comers ofa square of side ‘a’ as shown in the figure. Find the 7 le (a) resultant electric force on a charge Q, and | McQ) Multiple Choice Questions 1. Appoint charge situated at a distance from a short electric dipole on its axis, experience a force F. If the distance of the charge is ‘2’, the force on the charge will be: 12023) F F F F FES oy £ i fe OF OF OF Or 2. The magnitude of the electric field due to a point charge, object at a distance of 4.0 m is 9 N/C. From the same charged object the electric field of Id, Electric Field Lines, Electric Dipole and Dipole Moment (2 Mark) (@) face near the charge becomes negatively charged and the opposite face becomes positively chargeq 3. Let F, be the magnitude of the force between two small spheres, charged to a constant potential in free space and F, be the magnitude of the force between, them in a medium of dielectric constant K. Then (FE, is: (2021) 1 = (b) K @¢ ® ©R @+4 4. A charge Q is placed at the centre of the line joining two charges q and. The system of the three charges will be in equilibrium if Q is: oz} a as @+ ®-3 © +4 @ ) "(8 Marl (®) potential energy of this system. (This part belongs to Chapter 2.) [2018] 6. Three point charges +q each are kept at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side /. Determine the magnitude and sign of the charge to be kept at its centroid so that the charges at the vertices remain in equilibrium, [2015] more magnitude, 16 x will be at a distance of [2023] @im @2m ©3m @ém 3. An isolated point charge particle produces an electric field E at a point 3 m away from it. The distance of the point at which the field is a will be: 12023] (4m @ 6m @2m — ) 3moe 4. Which one of the following is not a scalar quantity? 6. An electric dipole ks : “ 12023) field will ee in a nonuniform electric (a) Electric field () Voltage (a) only a force Pen (©) Resistivity (d) Power (6) only a torque 5 Anclectric dipole of length 2cm is placed at an angle (6) bet force na fore of 30° with an electric field 2 x 10° N/C. Ifthe dipole @ neither force nor torque experiences a torque of x 102 Nm, the magnitude 7. Two point charges +16] and 4g are located at of either charge of the dipole, is: (20231 x= Oandx = L. The location of the point ae ‘which the resultant electric field due to these charees @ 4c @) 71 ae to these charges (©) 8m @ 2mc @8L ®6L ©4L au -— . =-+ ~~~ z= a shown in the figure. Find the magnitude and the stable and (b) unstable equilibrium i Sreetion of net electric field at the origin 0.12023) uniform etl wacarter oi y : the dipole in each case. 2623) 40. Derive the expression for the torque acting on an : electric dipole, when it is held in a uniform electric field. Identify the orientation of the dipole in the electric field, in which it attains a stable equilibrium, (2020 Questions 11. An electric dipole is held in a uniform electric field. 32. A charge is distributed uniformly over a ring of (a) Using suitable diagram, show that it does not radius ‘a’. Obtain an expression for the electric undergo any translatory motion, and intensity E at a point on the axis of the ring. Hence (@) derive an expression for the torque acting on it show that for points at large distances from the ring, and specify its direction. 2019) it behaves like a point charge. \ram6) LA, J Long Answer Te Mate)) 1. (@) Derive an expression for the electric field at (c) Two identical electric dipoles are placed along a point on the equatorial plane of an electric the diagonals of a square ABCD of side V2 m dipote consisting of charges @ and -d separated as shown in the figure, Obtain the magnitude by a distance 2a. and direction of the net electric field at the centre (©) of the square. P03) 14, (a) Derive an expression for the electric field at any point on the axial line of an electric dipole. () Two identical point charges, each sf kept2m apatt in ar. A third point charge ‘of unknown 2 a magnitude and sign ins placed on the fine joining (6) The di : e ‘the charges such that the system remains : ¢ distance of a far off point on the equatorial cae a he postion and nature of plane of an electric dipole is halved. How will equilibrium. Ls ete the electric field be affected for the dipole?wwe Sorgesand Fels (an) 11. Use the Gauss's law to derive an expression for the electric field between two uniformly charged large parallel sheets with surface charge densities o and =o respectively. [2019] 12. Using Gauss’s law, derive an expression for the electric field intensity at any point outside a uniformly charged thin spherical shell of radius R and charge density o C/m®, Draw the field lines when the charge density of the sphere is (i) positive, (fi) negative. 12019) 13. Define electric flux and write its ST unit. The electric field component in the figuré shown are: E, = ox, 100N where a= E,=0,E, Calculate the charge within the cube, assuming a= 0.1m. [2018(©)] y z >x a— | 2 a 14. A long charged cylinder of linear charge density +’, is surrounded by a hollow coaxial conducting oylinder of linear charge density ~7.. Use Gauss’s LA. J/Long Answer Type Questions 17. (@ Use Gauss’ law to obtain an expression for the electric field due to an infinitely long thin straight wire with uniform linear charge density 2. (i) An infinitely long positively charged straight wire has a linear charge density 4. An electron is revolving in a circle with a constant speed v such that the wire passes through the centre, and is perpendicular to the plane, of the circle. Find the kinetic energy of the electron in terms of magnitudes of its charge and linear charge density 2. on the wire. (ii) Draw a graph of kinetic energy as a function of linear charge density 2. 12023) 18. (a) Define electric flux. Is it a scalar or a vector quantity? A point charge q is at a distance of d/2 directly above the centre of a square of side d, as shown in the figure. Use Gauss’ law to obtain the expression for the electric flux through the square, Jaw to obtain expressions for point (i) in the space betweer (@) outside the larger cylinder, 15. @) ow 16. (a) ® the electric field at a n the cylinders, and State Gauss’ law. Usin, is lay in expression for the elevtne fen pepe infinitely long straight conductor aie charge density 4, a A wire AB of length L has linear charge den 2. = ke where x is measured from the end f ck the wire. This wire is enclosed by a Gauss: hollow surface. Find the expression for the electric flux through this surface, 070) A point charge (+0) is kept in the vi uncharged conducting plate. Sketch eens field lines between the charge and the plate. mn Two infinitely large plane thin Parallel sheets having surface charge densities c, and o, (6, > 0,) are shown in the figure. Write the magnitudes and directions of net fields in the regions marked II and Il. (201s) <—i— (6) If the point charge is now moved to a distance 19. (a) (6) ‘@ from the centre of the square and the side of the square is doubled, explain hiow the electric flux willbe affected. (2018) Use Gauss theorem to find the electric field due to a uniformly charged infinitely large plane thin sheet with surface. ‘An infinitely large thin plane sheet Bas. uniform surface charge density +c. ae the expression for the amount of vk ma bringing. point charge q from infin 00 distant r, in front o} i f the charged pl 201711. A point P lies at a distance x from the mid point of an electric dipole on its axis. The electric potential at point P is proportional to [2023] 1 1 @+ ®) ¥ 2 1 ) ot ( a 2. A point charge qq is moving along a circular path of radius a, with a point charge - Q at the centre of the circle. The kinetic energy of qyis [2023] Ce} @ me o “ nega Braye | SA | Short Answer Type [I] Questions 4. Obtain an expression for electrostatic potential energy of a system of three charges q, 2q and ~3q placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side a. [2023], 5. Depict the orientation of an electric dipole in (a) stable and (b) unstable equilibrium in an external uniform electric field. Write the potential energy of the dipole in each case. [2023], 6. Three point charges Q, q and -g are kept at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side L as shown in figure, What is Ana © GQ @ — 4nega 8ncga 3. A charge @ is located at the centre of a circle of radius r. The work done in moving a test charge Gq from point A to point B (at opposite ends of Ce AB) so as to complete a semicircle jg lm es) (e021) wie @ 2 (© ka Or (@ Zero (2 Marks)| (i the electrostatic potential energy of the arrangement? and (ii) the potential at point D? [2023] 7. A uniform electric field E of 500 N/C is directed along +x axis. O, B and A are three points in the field having x and y coordinates (in cm) (0, 0), (4,0) and (0,3) respectively. Calculate the potential difference between the points (i) O and A, and (i) O and B. [2023(0)] 8. Three point charges 1 uC, -1 uC and 2 pC are kept at the vertices A, B and C respectively of an equilateral triangle of side 1 m. A,, B, and C, are the midpoints of the sides AB, BC and CA respectively, Calculate the net amount of work done in displacing the charge from A to A,, from B to B, and from C to C,. (20230) 9. An electric dipole of length 4 em, when placed With its axis making an angle of 60° with a uniform electric field, experiences a torque of 4v3 Nm. Calculate the potential energy of the dipole, if it has charge =£8 nC. 20146 9. 10. 1. DAD) wo small conducting balls A and B of radius 7, and r, have charges q, and 4, tespectively. They are connected by a wire. Obtain the expression for charges on A and B, in equilibrium. — 2023) Obtain the expression for the energy stored in a capacitor connected across a de battery. Hence Sefine energy density of the capacitor. 2020] 'A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance Cis charged to a potential V by a battery. Without Giseonnecting the battery, the distance between the plates is tripled and a dielectric medium of k = 10 is introduced between the plates of the capacitor. Explain giving reasons, how will the following be affected: 20170) SA | Short Answer Type [II] Questions ‘A parallel plate capacitor (A) of capacitance C is charged by a battery to voltage V. The battery is disconnected and an uncharged capacitor (B) of capacitance 2C is connected across A. Find the ratio of (@ final charges on A and B. (i) total electrostatic energy stored in A and B finally and that stored in A initially. (2023) Explain briefly the process of charging a parallel plate capacitor when it is connected across a de battery. A capacitor of capacitance C is charged to V volts by a battery. After some time the battery is disconnected and the distance between the plates is doubled. Now a slab of dielectric constant, 1 ° + + | ___, s 8 rT T 3| ql © @ 3 é " . The correct graph showing the variation of the - resistance (R) ofa cylindrical metal wire as a function Temp. Temp. of its radius (r), keeping its length and temperature © @ constant, is : (2023) The potential difference across a cell in an open circuit is 8 V. It falls to 4 V when a current of 4 A is & { drawn from it. The internal resistance of the cell is : [2023] @ 42 @ 32 © 2a (@) 12 . A steady current flows through a metallic wire whose area of cross-section (A) increases continuously from one end of the wire to the other. The magnitude of drift velocity (v,) of the free electrons as a function KR fA Gis can be shown oe 12023) 6. A cell of emf E is connected across an external resistance R. When current ‘I’ is drawn from the cell, the potential difference across the electrodes of the . = cell drops to V, The internal resistance ‘r’ of the cell Yk va is [2023] iy oF oy (E-V)R ————p E-V QO @ A o ar @ (Fr(ji) Consider the circuit shown in the figure. Find the effective resistance of the circuit and the current drawn from the battery. 102 100 v= 14.0 gq $102 3. (a) Explain how free electrons in a metal at constant temperature attain an average velocity under the action of an electric field. Hence obtain an expression for it. (®) Consider two conducting wires A and B of the same diameter but made of different materials joined in series across a battery. The number density of electrons in A is 1.5 times that in B. Find the ratio of drift velocity of electrons in wire A to that in wire B. 2023] 1. (a) A cell emf of (E) and internal resistance (7) is connected across a variable load resistance (R). Draw plots showing the variation of terminal voltage V with (i) R and (i) the current (J) in the load. CChapterwise CBSE PYQS (Physics) = 12 $$ (© Three cells, each of emf E but internal resistance 2r, 3r and 6r are connected in parallel across q resistor R. Obtain expressions for (i) current flowing in the circuit, and (ji) the terminal potential difference across the equivalent cell. (20231 45, (a) Derive an expression for drift velocity of electrons in a conductor. Hence deduce Ohm's law. (®) A wire whose cross-sectional area is increasing linearly from its one end to the other, is connected across a battery of V volts. Which of the following quantities remain constant in the wire? ( drift speed (i) current density (i) electric current (jv) electric field Justify your answer. (2017) 46. (a) Define the term drift velocity. (© On the basis of electron drift, derive an expression for resistivity of a conductor in terms of number density of free electrons and relaxation time. On what factors does resistivity ofa conductor depend? (6) Why alloys like constantan and manganin are used for making standard resistors? [2016]7. A potential difference ‘V’ is applied across a load resistor of resistance R. V and R can be varied. If the current that flows in the circuit is I, draw a plot showing the variation of power consumed by the resistor as a function of: (a) R, keeping V constant () 1, keeping R constant (©) Vkeeping R constant (2023) 8. When is more power delivered to a light bulb — just after it is turned on and the flow of the filament is increasing or after the blow becomes steady? Why? (2023(C)] 9. Using Kirchhoff’s rules, calculate the current through the 40 W and 20 W resistors in the following circuit: (2019) Mi 209. Aa i 5 400 c E F oie 88 12. (a) Define electrical conductivity of a wire. Give its SI unit. () High current is to be drawn safely from (1) a low-voltage battery, and (2) a high-voltage battery. What can you say about the internal resistance of the two batteries ? (© Calculate the total energy supplied by the batteries to the circuit shown in the figure, in one minute. (2023) 4V 20 pedi 6a 10VT 30 10. Using Kirchhoff’s rules, cal he nul 1 ee S, calculate the potential 4 Din Pe as shown in the figure, the circuit diagram ap] 2vza RoIKE) 8 1y, 10 1 19 3V,30 11. In the given circuit, with stead en ci ly current, calculate the potential difference across the capacit ay charge stored in it, aaa oy to 017) act @ ey, Caspr" Be {1 ake cLy D 12V oo State the two Kirchhott's laws. Explain briefly how these rules are justified. The current is drawn from a cell of emf E and internal resistance r connected to the network of resistors each of resistance r as shown in the figure. Obtain the expression for () the current draw from the cell and (j) the power consumed 13.@ 0) 2017 in the network. (2017) A |fiple Choice Questions [A particle of mass m and charge q moving with a ‘iniform velocity # = Vad! + Yoy/ enters a region with a magnetic field B = Bg j. After some time, an electric field E = Eoj is also switched on in the region. The resulting path described by the particle will be: (2023) (@) acircle in xz plane (®) @ parabola in xy plane (c) a helix with constant pitch (@ a helix with increasing pitch . Which of the following graphs correctly represents the variation of the magnitude of the magnetic field outside a straight infinite current carrying wire of radius ‘a’, as a function of distance ‘? from the centre of the wire? [2023] By By @ d Ce na % om © |i o \K. . An electron enters a uniform magnetic field with speed. It describes a semicircular path and comes out of the field. The final speed of the electron is: (2023) (a) Zero eB ®y OF (@) w A particle of mass m and charge -q is moving with a uniform speed v in a circle of radius r, with another charge g at the centre of the circle. The value of r is: ( 1 q nl a a [2023], © Fonts) O Fan (S) Orel) OT Mark)! sec 5. Which one of the following has relative magnetic permeability between 0 and 1? (@) Aluminium (6) Alnico (©) Water @ Sodium 6. Beams of electrons and protons move parallel to each other in the same direction. They: (a) attract each other. (b) repel each other. (©) neither attract nor repel. (d) force of attraction or repulsion depends upon speed of beams. A long straight wire of radius ‘a’ carries a steady current ‘P. The current is uniformly distributed across its area of cross-section. The ratio of magnitude of magnetic field B, at and B, at (2023) [2023] distance 2a is: iy (a) 5 1 ©) 2 @4 8. An electron with velocity » = (p,i +v,j) moves through a magnetic field B = (B,i-B, j). The force F on the electron is: (¢ is the magnitude ofits charge) {2023 (C)] (a) WB, VBE (©) eB, 8) 0 UB, + Bok etvB Bde (© 9.” slong straight wire in the horizontal plane carries —4% current of 15 A in north to south direction. The magnitude and direction of magnetic field at a point 2.5 m east of the wire respectively ate: (2021) (a) 12 pT, vertically upwards. (b) 1.2 pT, vertically downward (0) 0.6 pT, vertically upward (@) 0.6 pT, vertically downward smite 10. Anelectron is projected with velocity V4 ey axis of a current carrying long soleno™ ©) cone of the following statements iS TT shout (a) The path of the electron will be cl the axis. ;iron ti bility p, has jon ring of relative permea : 2a. An Jim of insulated copper wire of m turns pet wind Myhen the current in the windings is find nena for the magnetic field in the ring. the expres oa condition under which the charged ind the : 25. Find tie moving with different speeds in the particles SA. Short Answer Type 27. Two circular’ loops A and B, each of radius 3 m, are placed coaxially ata distance of 4 m. They carry currents of 3 A and 2 A in opposite directions fespectively. Find the net magnetic field at the 12023) centre of loop A. 48, Two identical loops P and Q each of radius $ em are lying in perpendicular planes such that they have a common centre as shown in the figure. Find the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field at the common centre of the two coils, if they carry currents equal to 3A and 4 A respectively. 12019] a a 29. (a) A particle of charge ‘g’ and mass ‘m’, moving with velocity ‘#” is subjected to a uniform magnetic field B perpendicular to its velocity. ‘Show that the particle describes a circular path. Obtain expression for the radius of the circular path of the particle. (&) Explain, how its path will be affected if the velocity # makes an angle 6 (# 90°) with the direction of the magnetic field. [2010] 30. (a) Write the expression for the force F acting ona particle of mass m and charge q moving with velocity ¥ in a magnetic field B. Under what conditions will it move in (é) a circular path and (ii) a helical path? (b) Show that the kinetic energy of the particle ‘moving in magnetic field remains constant. (20171 31. (@) State Biot-Savart’s law and express this law in the vector form. (0) Two identical circular coils, P and Q each of, radius R, carrying currents 1 A and 73 A. respectively, are placed concentrically and “on ry ic field vectors ca tara teow i with a velocity rm. magnetic field the radius of the (2017(€)) presence of electric and magn; be used to select charged partic speed, 26. A charge q of mass m is movin of v, at right angles to a unifo: B. Deduce the expression for circular path it describes. sara perpendicular to each other lyingin the XY: no YZ planes. Find the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field at the centre of the a (2017) 32, (a) State the condition under which a charged particle moving with velocity 7 goes undeflected in a magnetic field B. (6) Anelectron, after being accelerated through a potential difference of 10° V, enters a uniform magnetic field 0.04 T, perpendicular to its direction of motion. Calculate the radius of curvature of its trajectory. (2017) 33. A proton and an a-particle move perpendicular to a magnetic field. Find the ratio of radii of the circular paths described by them when both ( have equal momenta, and (ii) were accelerated through the same potential difference. (2017) 34. A proton and an a-particle move perpendicular to a magnetic field. Find the ratio of radii of circular paths described by them when both have (f) equal velocities, and (ii) equal kinetic energy. (2017) (a) Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines for a circular coil carrying current. (6) Two identical circular loops X and ¥ of - x—"p radius R and carrying f x the same current are kept in perpendicular planes such that they have a common centre at P as shown in the figure. Find the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field at the point P due to the loops. (201101 36. (a) Write the expression for the magnetic force article moving with acting on a charged P: z selocityv in the presence of magnetic fld (©) A neutron, an electron and an alpha par roving with equal velocities, enter 0 magnetic field going into the plane of papeljiven i tions, two statements are gi For the following YT) and the other labelled Reason one abel Asser Neyer these questions rom the Jee ‘ ; Sa), (6) and (2) as given below nih codes (0) (Ad Rare rue and R isthe correct expla (a) Both of A and R are true but R is NOT the correct (b) Bott explanation of A. (6 Aistrue but Ris false. G) a isiatse and R i also false. ; (6 AWS ertion (A): When radius of a circular loop ‘ saving a steady current is doubled, its magnetic moment becomes four times. Roseon (R) The magnetic moment ofa circular loop caning a steady currents proportional to the area ofthe loop. ay 2, Assertion (A): A current carrying square loop made ta wire of length L is placed in a magnetic field. Tt (BQ Case-Based Question . A beam of electrons moving horizontally with a velocity of 3 X 107 m/s enters a region between two plates as shown in the figure. A suitable potential difference is applied across the plates such that the electron beam just strikes the edge of the lower plate. {2023(Modified)] fe SS Tom Answer the following questions based on the above: (@) How long does an electron take to strike the edge? (@) 107s (b) 10% s (©) 10° 5 (@) 10s (i) What is the shape of the path followed by the electron? (@) Straight line () Parabola (0) Hunerhota experiences a torque which is greater than on a circular loop made of the same wi the same current in the same magnetic field, Reason (R): A square loop occupies more area than a circular loop, both made of wire ofthe same length, the torque re carrying (2023) he deflecting torque acting on a current carrying loop is zero when its plane is perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field, Reason (R): The deflecting torque acting on a loop of magnetic moment 7m in a magnetic field B is given by the dot product of m and B. Assertion (A): (2023) ‘Assertion (A): When a charged particle moves with velocity ¥ in a magnetic field B(? 1 B), the force on the particle does no work. Reason (R): The magnetic force is perpendicular to the velocity of the particle, [2021 (iii) What is the potential difference applied? (@) 268.73 V () 28637 V (©) 568.75 V @ 1375 Vv At a point ‘Ay, there is an electric field of 500 V/m and potential difference of 3000 V. The distance between the point charge and jw) Ris @ 6m (6) 36m (©) 12m @ 144m Or The electric potential at the surface of an atomic nucleus (Z. = 50) of radius 9.0 x @) 107 cm is (a) 9 x 10° V (b) 8 x 10°V (c) 80V @9Vvmang) field lines in the presence of @) paramagnetic and (j) haviour of magnetic i in this distinguishing feature? ae tion in terms of relative magnetic permeabi meabilities oF ally the b How does one explai d write its relat eptibility an a have relative magnetic Per ‘6, Show diagrammatic iamagnetic substances: 1. (a) Define the term magnetic suse (b) Two magnetic materials A an‘ magnetic materials A and B. Out of the two magnetic materit than unity. Identify the nature of the materials A and #96 and 500. Identity te 12018() greater than unity while B has le ceptibilties be positive or segatived (2014) Js, A has relative permeability slightly B, Will their sus «( ga) ) Short Answer Type It] Question 9. Wi i three points of differences between para» dia- and ferro- magnetic materials, giving one example fo , 2019) A Long Answer Type Question 10, (@) Derive an expression for magnetic field on th rryi ion for magnetic field on ¢ axis of a current carryins g circular loop. (6) Write any two poit y two points of difference between a diamagnetic and a paramagnetic subs ic substance.2. A rectangular loop of sides 25 cm and 20 em is lying in xy plane. It is subjected to a magnetic field B = (57 + 2t + 10) & , where B is in Tesla and ¢ is in seconds. If the resistance of the loop is 4 ©, find the emf induced and the induced current in the loop at t=5s. [2023] 3. A rectangular conductor MNPQ with a movable arm MN (resistance r) is kept in a uniform magnetic field as shown in the figure. Resistance of arms MQ, QP .and PN are negligible. Obtain the expression for the: (a) current induced in the loop specifying its direction, and (6) power required to move the arm. (2023) x xX X XMXX XxX x x Ix x x x xx XK X x |x x x x| x x_xx x cae Me | le xi |x 4 ox xix x x x x se ae Ne ee I 4. A horizontal straight metallic rod of length 4 m is held at some height above the surface of Earth, in east-west direction, If t is allowed to fall from rest, find the: “(@) emf induced in the rod 2 s after it starts falling. “*(b) polarity of the emf induced, and (©) The end of the rod which is at the higher potential, The horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field at the place is 0.3 x 10 Wb/m? and take 8 = 10 m/s, [2023(C)] >. When a conducting loop of resistance 10 Q and area 10 cm? is removed from an external magnetic field acting normally, the variation of induced current in the loop with time is shown in the figure. (lin A) O4A (0, 0) 1.0 (tin s) 16. 17. 18. 19. sma Find the ~ (@ total charge passed through the loop, change in magnetic flux through the loop (it) magnitude of the magnetic eld applied jm A metallic rod of length/ is rotated with a frequen v with one end hinged at the centre and the othe, end at the circumference of a circular metallic ing of radius r, about an axis passing through the centre and perpendicular to the plane of the ring, A constant uniform magnetic field B parallel to the axis is present every where. Using Lorentz force, explain how emf is induced between the centre and the metallic ing and hence obtain the expression for it. Log) (a) State Faraday’s laws of electromagneticinduction, (b) Derive an expression for the emf induced across the ends of a straight conductor of length | moving at right angles to a uniform magnetic field B with a uniform speed v. (€) Obtain the expression for the magnetic energy Stored in a solenoid in terms of the magnetic field B, area A and length / of the solenoid through which a current i is passed. 120191) State Lenz’s law. Explain, by giving examples that Lenz's law is a consequence of conservation of energy. [2017 (C)) Acircular coil of radius 10cm, S00 turns and resistance 200 Q is placed with its plane perpendicular to the ~ horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field. It is rotated about its vertical diameter through 180° in 0.25 s. Estimate the magnitudes of the emf and current induced in the coil. (Horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field at the place is 3.0 x 10° T) [2013] (@) A rod of length 1 is moved horizontally with a uniform velocity ‘v’ in a direction perpendicular tots length through a region in which a uniform magnetic field is acting vertically downward. Derive an expression for the emf induced across the ends of the rod. (©) How does one understand this moving emf by invoking the Lorentz force acting on the free charge carrie of the conductor? Explain. 014)1. (a) Withthe help ofa labelled diagram, deseribe the principle and working of an ac generator. Hence, vxain an expression forthe instantaneous value of the emf generated. (6) Thecoil of anac generator consists of 100 turns of wire, each of area 0.5 m*. The resistance of the wire is 100 9. The coil is rotating in a magnetic field of 0.8 T perpendicular to its axis of rotation, at a constant angular speed of 60 radian per second. Calculate the maximum emf generated and power dissipated in the coil. (2023), 8. (a) Statethe principle of working ofa transformer, () Define efficiency of a transformer. (c)_ State any two factors that reduce the efficiency of a transformer. (@ Caloulate the current drawn by the primary of a 90% efficient transformer which steps down 220 V to 22 ¥, if the output resistance is 440 Q. (2018(C)] 9. (a) Draw the diagram of a device which is used to decrease high a.c. voltage into a low a. voltage and state its working principle. Write four sources of energy loss in this device. (© A small town with a demand of 1200 kW of electric power at 220 V is situated 20 km away from an electric plant generating power at 440 V, The resistance of the two wire line carrying power is 0.5 W per km. The town gets the power from the line through a 4000-220 V step-down transformer at a sub-station in the town, Estimate the line power loss in the form of heat. 12019] 10. (a) Describe, with the help of a suitable diagram, the working principle of a step-up transformer. Obtain the relati ; ion between input and output voltages in terms of the number of turns of primary and secondary windings and the currents in the input and output circuits. (0) Given the input current 15 A and the input voltage of 100 V for a step-up transformer having 90% efficiency, find the output power and the voltage in the secondary ifthe output current is 3 A. (2017) 11, (@) Write the function of a transformer. State its principle of working with the help of a diagram. Mention various energy losses in this device. (b) The primary coil ofanidéal step-up transformer has 100 turns and transformation ratio is also 100, The input voltage and power are respectively 220 V and 1100 W. Caleulate (i number of tums in secondary, (i) current in primary, (iii) voltage across secondary, (jv) current in secondary, (v) power in secondary. (2016 12. @) Draw a labelled diagram of a step-down transformer. State the principle of its working. () Express the turn ratio in terms of voltages. (6) Find the ratio of primary and secondary currents in terms of turn ratio in an ideal transformer. : (d) How much ‘current is drawn by the eer of a transformer connected 1° 220 ry sien it delivers power to a 110 eet refrigerator?mica !/Miltipie Choles Questions” | 1, The electromagnetic radiations used to kill germs in water purifiers are called: 12023} (@) Infrared waves (b) X-rays (©) Gamma rays (@) Ultraviolet rays ‘The electromagnetic waves used in radar systems are: (2023), (a) Infrared waves) Ultraviolet rays (c) Microwaves (d) X-rays 2, Which one ofthe following clectromagneticradiation has the least wavelength? 12023] oy on sana vs THRE 5, Identify the part of electromagnetic spectrum which is [2023] {@) nest to the lowest frequency end of the visible part of electromagnetic spectrum, and (6) produced by bombarding a metal target by high energy electrons. | Give one use of each of them. 6 How are infrared waves produced ? Why are these waves referred to as heat waves? Give any {wo uses of infrared waves. (2023) 1, How are X-rays produced? Give any two uses of these. (20231 8, Write any two characteristics of an electromagnetic wave, Why are microwaves used in radar systems 2 (20231 o, Identify the electromagnetiowave whose wavelengths range is from about (2023) (a) 10° m to about 10% m. (6) 10% mto about 107 m. Write one use of each. Electromagnetic Spectrum 10. AL 13. () Visible tight (@) X-rays Choose the correct option related to wavelengths (2) of different parts of electromagnetic spectrum. (@) acrays < Prironaves < Prado waves < istic ©) Asie > Beas > Mratiowaes 7 Pricrwares (©) Yratiowaves™ Pricowanes” ise > Arrays @ Yristie < Paicrnares Mradionres< ergs (@) Gamma rays (© Microwaves encareres CORES TTS Identify the electromagnetic radiation and write its wavelength range, which is used to Kill germs in water purifier. Name the two sources of these radiations. (20231 (a) Long distance radio broadcasts use short-wave bands. Why ? () The experimental demonstration of electromagnetic waves is possible only in the ow frequency region (the radio wave region). Explain. p21 . (@) Draw a diagram showing @ linearly polarised electromagnetic wave, propagating in the z-direction depicting E and B « : (6) The wavelength of an electromagnetic wave is 10" m. Identify the wave and mention its one use. 2022101 aves travel withthe same between them pplication. (20201 Gamma rays and radio waves {Fo velocity in free space- Distinguish va terms of their origin and the sain a