6-Materials Around Us
TEXT BOOK EXERCISE
Q1-Visit your kitchen and observe how your parents have organised various edibles. Can you suggest
a better sorting method? Write it in your notebook.
ANS:The better sorting methods are
(i)Cereals: Cereals such wheat flour, daliya, maize flour, rice, and other cereal flour should be kept in one
portion of kitchen.
(ii)Pulses (dals): Pulses such as Arhar dal, chana dal, moong dal, urad dal should be grouped in separated
portion of the kitchen.
(iii)Cooking oils and ghee: Cooking oils such as mustard oil, soyabean oil, olive oil, cow ghee etc should be
grouped in separate portion of the kichen.
(iv)Spices: Spices such as chilli powder, coriander seed powder (dhaniya powder), Turmeric powder (haldi
powder), clove, black pepper, cumin (jeera) ajwain, maithi seeds,salt , packed garam masala etc should be
grouped together.
(v)Pickles, james, jelly, squashes should be placed together.
Q-2-Unscramble the letters (Column I) and match with their properties (Column II).
Column I Column II
MATTER (B)Occupies space and has mass
SOLUBLE (d)Mixes completely in water
TRANSPARENT (a)Object can be seen clearly
through it
LUSTRE (c) Shiny surface
Q-3-The containers which are used to store materials in shops and at home are usually transparent. Give your
reasons for this.
Reasons:
(i)The materials which are stored in transparent containers are easily seen.
(ii)The shopkeeper locates the materials easily.
Q-4- State whether the statements given below are True [T] or False [F]. Correct the False
statement(s).
(i) Wood is translucent while glass is opaque. [False ]
Correct Statement: Wood is opaque while glass is transparent
(ii) Aluminium foil has lustre while an eraser does not. [True ]
(iii) Sugar dissolves in water whereas sawdust does not. [True ]
(iv) An apple is a matter because it occupies no space and has mass. [False ]
Correct Statement:An apple is a matter because it occupies space and has mass.
Q-5 We see chairs made up of various materials, such as wood, iron, plastic, bamboo, cement and stones.
Following are some desirable properties of materials which can be used to make chairs. Which materials
used to make chairs fulfil these properties the most?
(i) Hardness (does not bend or shake on sitting even after long use).
(ii) Lightweight (easy to lift or to take from one place to another).
(iii) Does not feel very cold when sitting during winters.
(iv) Can be cleaned regularly and made to look new even after long use.
Ans:- (i) Hardness (does not bend or shake on sitting even after long use).
Iron, Cement, and stones
(ii) Lightweight (easy to lift or to take from one place to another).
Plastic and Bamboo
(iii) Does not feel very cold when sitting during winters.
Wood and bamboo
(iv) Can be cleaned regularly and made to look new even after long use.
Plastic, Iron, cement, and stones.
Q-6-You need to have containers for collection of (i) food waste, (ii) broken glass and (iii)
wastepaper. Which materials will you choose for containers of these types of waste? What properties
of materials do you need to think of?
Ans:(i) For collection of food waste, the container should be green colour. Waste food is biodegradable materials
so it should not react with food. It should not be leakage. The container should be light and strong.
(ii) For collection of broken glass, the container should be coloured. Broken glasses are recyclable and heavy so it
should be collected in hard container .it should not cut the container.
(iii) For collection of waste paper container should be colored. Waste papers are also recyclable.The container
should be light and strong.
Q-7-Air is all around us but does not hinder us from seeing each other. Whereas, if a wooden door comes in
between, we cannot see each other. It is because air -----------is and the wooden door is--------- . Choose the most
appropriate option:
(i) transparent, opaque
(ii) translucent, transparent
(iii) opaque, translucent
(iv) transparent, translucent
Ans: (i) transparent, opaque
Q-8-Imagine you have two mysterious materials, X and Y. When you try to press material X, it feels rigid
and does not change its shape easily. On the other hand, material Y easily changes its shape when you press
it. Now, when you mix both materials in water, only material X dissolves completely, while material Y
remains unchanged. What can materials X and Y be? Can you identify whether material X is hard or soft?
What about material Y? Justify your answer.
Ans(i) Material X may be crystal of sugar, salt, copper sulphate.
(ii) Material Y may be small rubber block
(iii)Material X is hard
(iv)Material Y is soft on press on them
Q-9-(i) Who am I? Identify me on the basis of the given properties.
Question
(a) I have lustre
(b) I can be easily compressed.
(c) I am hard and soluble in water.
(d) You cannot see clearly through me.
(e) I have mass and volume but you cannot see me.
(ii) Make your own ‘Who am I?’
Who am I? Make your own ‘Who am I?’
A I have lustre == Steel You can see through me==== Glass
B I can be easily compressed==== Rubber I am soft ==== Cotton
C I am hard and soluble in water==== Sugar/ salt I am not lustrous== Wood
D You cannot see clearly through me==cardboard/ I am liquid and insoluble in water === Oil
plywood
E I have mass and volume but you cannot see me==Air I cannot be compressed easily ===Iron, stone
Q10-You are provided with the following materials—vinegar, honey, mustard oil, water, glucose and wheat flour.
Make any two pairs of materials where one material is soluble in the other. Now, make two pairs of materials
where one material remains insoluble in the other material.
(i)Two Materials soluble each other:-
(a)Water and glucose
(b)Water and vinegar
(ii)Two materials insoluble each other
(a)Water and mustard oil
(b) Water and wheat flour
EXTRA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q-What is material?
ANS: Any substance that is used to create an object is referred to as material.
Q-Name the various materials from which following things can be made:
SNO OBJECTS Materials they are made up of
AROUND US
1 Shoes Leather, rubber, plastic, canvas
2 Chairs Wood, metal, plastic, concrete
3 Coins Copper, silver, gold, Alloy
4 Utensils Iron, copper, aluminium. Steel, Brass, Bronze
5 Clothes Cotton, wool, silk, rayon, nylon
Based on everyday observations, one can conclude that objects are made up of various materials.
Q-What is classification of materials?
The method of arranging objects into groups is called classification.
Materials possess different properties which determine their use.
.
Q- On what basis are the various objects grouped?
Materials are grouped or classified based on their similarities or differences in their properties
The grouping of various objects can be done on the basis of following characters:
Size , shape , colour ,hardness,solubility in water,attraction towards magnet,conduction of heat
transparency, etc.
Q-What is the need for classification?
Classification is essential for:
identification of objects.
sorting of objects.
locating things.
understanding similarities and dissimilarities among objects.
making the study of objects easy and more meaningful.
Q-Why do we need the grouping of objects?
Grouping the objects helps us to arrange them in a systematic manner.
(i)The objects when grouped are easy to handle.
(ii)When grouped, it is easy to know the properties of an object clearly.
(iii) Grouping also makes easy to compare two objects.
(iv)We find grouping useful as it helps us study and observe patterns in the properties of things.
Q-Where do you found that things are stored in such a manner that similar utensils are placed together?
(i)In kitchen (ii) Grocery shop (iii) chemist shop
Q-What are the properties of materials?
(i)Appearance (ii) Hardness (iii) Solubility or insolubility (iv) Float or buoyancy (v) Transparency.
(vi) Mass (vii) Occupies space
What is lustrous materials?
Materials that typically have shiny surfaces are called lustrous appearance materials.
Examples: Metals include iron, copper, zinc, aluminium, gold, etc.
Not all the materials that shine are metals.
How some metals may lose their lustre?
When air(oxygen) and moisture react with the surfaces of metals so they look dull and non-lustrous . This
process is called rusting. As a result, we often notice the lustre only on their freshly cut surfaces.
Name the materials other than metals which lustre?
The thin layers of plastic,glass, waxy layer on material and other material which makes them look
shiny.Hence not all the materials that shine are metals.
What are Non-lustrous materials?
The material which do not have a shiny surface are called Non-lustrous materials . Some examples of non-
lustrous materials are paper, wood, rubber, jute, etc.
Q-What are soft and hard materials. Write examples of each
Soft materials:
The materials which can be compressed or scratched easily are called soft materials. Example: Cotton,
sponge,wool etc.
Hard materials:
The materials which are difficult to compress or scratch are called hard materials. Example: Wood, Iron,
stone, bricks etc.
Q-What are transparent materials? Give example?
The materials, through which things can be seen clearly, are called transparent.
Example: Glass, water, air, cellophane paper, some plastics etc.
Q-What are opaque materials? Give example?
The materials through which we cannot see are called opaque materials.
Example: wooden box, a cardboard carton or a metal container, metals sheet etc.
What are translucent objects? Write some examples.
The materials through which objects can be seen, but not clearly, are known as translucent.
Example: Butter paper, frosted glass, the oily patch on paper, fog, coloured polythene etc.
State conditions when pure water can lose transparency.
Water on cooling, freezes to form ice which is not transparent.
List five objects that are made from transparent materials.
Beaker, Test tube, Conical flask, Glass jug, and Glass doors.
Q-List five liquids that are transparent.
Water , Hydrochloric acid Alcohol Acetone, and Petrol.
Q-List five objects that are made from an opaque material.
Books , Blackboard, Cardboard, Wall, and Wooden furniture.
Q-Why is water called universal solvent?
The property of water to dissolve large number of materials makes it a universal solvent.
Q-List three liquids which are miscible/Soluble in water.
Milk . glycerine, and soft drinks, lemon juice, alcohol,
Q-List three liquids which are immiscible/ in soluble in water.
Edible oil , kerosene oil, and petrol.
Q-What are soluble materials in water?
The materials which completely disappear when mixed in water are called soluble materials.
Example: sugar, salt, milk,oxygen etc
Q-What are Insoluble materials in water?
The materials which do not completely disappear when mixed in water are called insoluble materials.
Example: Oils, sand etc
Q-What is ORS? How will you make your own ORS?
ORS Means Oral Rehydration solution . It is used to treat dehydration due to diarrhoea or other illnesses.
ORS can be prepared at home by mixing six teaspoons of sugar and half a teaspoon of common salt in one
litre of boiled and cooled water.
Q-Name two gases each which are soluble and insoluble in water. «
Gases soluble in water are oxygen and carbon dioxide. Gases insoluble in water are hydrogen and nitrogen.
Oxygen is very important for the respiration and survival of animals and plants that live in water.
Q-What is mass of the material?
The property which measured the heaviness and lightness (weigh) of the material is called mass.
Mass quantifies the amount of matter present in an object. The unit to measure mass is kilogram.
Q-What is volume of material?
The space occupied by material is called volume of material.
The bottles of drinking water and milk are labelled as 500 mL, indicating the volume.
The SI unit for volume is cubic metre, abbreviated as m3.
Q-What is matter?
The substance which occupies space and has mass is called matter.
The mass gives the quantity of matter,and the units to measure it are gram (g) and kilogram (kg).
The space occupied by matter is its volume.
The units to measure the volume are litre (L) and millilitre (mL).
Q-Find the odd one out from the following:
a) Chair, Bed, Table, Baby, Cupboard b) Rose, Jasmine, Boat, Marigold, Lotus
c) Aluminum, Iron, Copper, Silver, Sand d) Sugar, Salt, Sand, Copper sulphate
Ans: a) Baby – others are made up of wood b) Boat – others are flowers c) Sand – others are metals
d) Sand – others are soluble in water
Q-Show that sugar, common salt and washing soda are soluble while chalk powder, iodine and sand
are insoluble in water.
Take six test tubes, fill each of them about half with water. Keep each of them in a test tube stand. Add a
pinch of each of six substances in separate test tubes. Shake well and allow to stand for few minutes.
Common salt, sugar and washing soda dissolve while iodine, chalk powder and sand do not dissolve.
Q-Which among the following materials would you identify as soft materials and why?
Ice, rubber band, leaf, eraser, pencil, pearl, a piece of wooden board, cooked rice, pulses and fresh
chapati.
Ans: Rubber band, leaf, eraser, cooked rice and fresh chapati are soft materials because they can be
compressed or scratched easily.
Q-You are provided with the following materials— turmeric, honey, mustard oil, water, glucose, rice
flour, groundnut oil.
Make any three pairs of substances where one substance is soluble in the other and any three pairs
of substances where one substance remains insoluble in the other substances
Soluble Pair Insoluble Pair
(i) honey in water (i) turmeric in water
(ii) glucose in water (ii) rice flour in water
(iii) groundnut oil in mustard oil (iii) mustard oil in water
Q-Arrange the jumbled words to arrive at the appropriate names of materials and also write two
uses of each.
(a) milaunuim (b) tcaslpi (c) soekrnee (d) gavnier
(a) aluminium – foil, aircrafts, etc.
(b) plastic – bucket, pencil box, etc.
(c) kerosene – fuel, solvent, etc.
(d) vinegar – food ingredient, preservative, etc
Q-Match the objects given in Column I with the materials given in Column II.
ANS: a- (iii) b- (iv) c- (i) d- (ii)
Q-It was Paheli’s birthday. Her grandmother gave her two gifts made of metals, one old dull silver
spoon and a pair of lustrous gold earrings. She was surprised to see the difference in the appearance
of the two metals. Can you explain the reason for this difference?
The silver spoon on long exposure to moist air has lost its shine and appears dull whereas gold does not
tarnish.
Q- Mixtures of red chilli powder in water, butter in water, petrol in water, and honey in water were
given to Radha, Sudha, Sofia and Raveena, respectively. Whose mixture is in solution form?
Raveena has got a solution because honey will dissolve in water
Q-On a bright sunny day, Shikha was playing hide and seek with her brother. She hid herself behind a
glass door. Do you think her brother will be able to locate her. If yes, why? If no, why not?
Yes, Ground glass is translucent, so Shikha can be located by her brother.
