Practical Work On Work Study 2
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ScribdTranslationsPractical Work On Work Study 2
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ScribdTranslationsPRACTICAL WORK ON THE STUDY OF WORK
THEME:
THE STUDY OF METHODS AND TIMES WITH
RELATION TO THE PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL RISKS
MEMBERS:
Jofre Gabriela
Cristian Tapia
1) Conduct research on the benefits that it means
implementation of the study of methods and times in the places of
work
2) Outline a detail of what the benefits would be for the
improvement of the conditions and everything related to the
SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH.
1) Methods and times. The study of work for productivity
Currently, most medium and large companies or organizations are conducting
studies and applications forincrease your productivity. Soften in embargo
They confuse the terms productivity and production. Productivity is the relationship
quantitative between what we produce and the resources we use and Production refers to
the activity of producing goods and/or services.
TheWork Studyit presents us with several techniques to increase productivity. There are
two branches of the study of work:
1. Study of methods
2. Time Study
The study of work involves analyzing the way to make the transformation at each stage.
We call this "method study".
Before studying specific tasks, the technician must examine the overall flow of the product.
through the facilities. Understanding the current situation allows one to be prepared for
improve it. In the case of a product that is going to be manufactured, it should first be divided into parts.
and then study the manufacturing sequence of the components and the sequence of
assembly of these, the sub-assembly, the finished product, and the outgoing packaging. The
techniques of:
Operations diagram
Flow diagrams
Bimodal diagrams
Man-machine diagrams
Course Diagrams
Thread diagrams
Flow diagrams
Simogram
The study of methods allows for the analysis of the process to improve it and determine the
better method of doing the work.
Currently, organizations, regardless of their size and sector
activity, they have to face competitive markets where they must reconcile
satisfaction of their customers with the economic efficiency of their activities.
TheProcess Managementcoexists with functional management by making possible a
interfunctional management that generates value for the customer and, therefore, seeks their
satisfaction. Determine which processes need to be improved or redesigned, establish
priorities and provide a context to initiate and maintain improvement plans that allow
reaching established goals. It makes it possible to understand the way in which they are
configured the processes, of their strengths and weaknesses. Whenever a process is going to
being redesigned or improved, its documentation is essential as a starting point.
The analysis of a process can lead to redesign actions to increase the
effectivenessreduce costs, improve quality and shorten times by reducing deadlines
production and delivery of the product or service.
There are 8 stages of method study:
1. Select the process to study.
2. Register the work to be studied by defining its limits in a direct observation of
the relevant facts related to that work and collect those that were appropriate
additional data that may be necessary.
3. Register the work to be studied by defining its limits through direct observation of
the relevant facts related to that work and collect from sources
appropriate the additional data that may be necessary.
4. Establish to seek the most practical, effective and economical methods through the
concerned persons.
5. Evaluate different options to implement a new method by comparing the relationship
cost-effectiveness between the current new method.
6. Clearly define the new method to people who may be concerned about it.
will do (management, foremen, and workers).
7. Implement the new method with normal practice by training all the people.
that they must use it.
8. Control the application of the new method to avoid the use of the old method.
On the other hand, we also include the time study within the work study:
The time study is a work measurement technique used to record
the times and rhythms of work corresponding to the elements of a task
defined, carried out under certain conditions and in which the data is analyzed in order to
to determine the time required to perform the task according to a performance standard
pre-established.
Thestandard timeit is the time required for an average operator, fully
rated and working at a normal pace to carry out an operation.
Standardize the time in order to have a basis for work scheduling.
determine thestandard costsof labor and from there, sustain the incentives for the
personal.
The analysis of a process can lead to redesign actions to increase the
effectiveness, reduce costs, improve quality and shorten times by reducing deadlines
production and delivery of the product or service.
Techniques to measure work:
The main techniques used in work measurement are the following:
1. Time study with stopwatch.
2. Instant observation methods (work sampling).
3. Pre-determined time-motion standards, (MTM, MODAPS).
4. Use of films.
5. Synthesis of data type.
6. Analytical evaluation. (personal experience)
Requirements of the time study
For the time study to be acceptable
1. You must measure each of the elements accurately.
It must be understandable.
It must be easily measurable.
Elements of time study
By concluding the entire operation as if it were a single element, it does not yield results.
sufficient for the time study the best way to describe the operation,
is dividing into defined, measurable elements and describing each of these by
separate.
Element: It is an essential part of a specific activity or task, composed of one or
more fundamental movements of the worker or the phases of a selected process for
purposes of observation and timing.
The elements by nature in the workflow can be classified into the following
types:
a.Repeating or cycle elements: These are those that appear one or several times.
in a cycle of the operation or the studied work.
b.Constant elements: They are elements that are found in several operations of the
plant and that have similar characteristics, that is, those whose time of
execution is always the same.
Variable elements: They are those whose execution time changes according to certain
characteristics of the product or process such as dimensions, weight, quality, etc.
d. Casual or contingent (or cyclical) elements: They are the ones that do not appear in each.
work cycle except at intervals that are irregular but necessary for the
operation generally in a periodic manner.
Strange elements: They are observed during the study and when analyzed
they do not turn out to be a necessary part of the work.
The most used or employed technique in the engineering or training department for
Measuring work is the study of time using a stopwatch.
Equipment needed to carry out the time study.
The equipment required basically for the analysis of a time study is as follows.
Stopwatch.
2. Time study format (observation sheet).
3. Observation board.
4. Auxiliary equipment such as (tachometer, vernier, flexometer etc.)
Ways to time with a stopwatch
There are 2 basic procedures for measuring the measured time of the elements of a cycle.
of work:
a) Continuous reading
It consists of starting the stopwatch and reading it at the endpoint of each item.
without deactivating the timer while the study lasts. *it is considered advisable for
timing short elements.
Advantages of continuous reading
A complete record is obtained during an observation period.
No time is left unrecorded.
Exact values are obtained in short elements.
There is less distraction in the analyst.
Disadvantages
Its numerical calculation requires more time.
Requires greater concentration from the analyst.
b) Return to zero or repetitive reading
It consists of starting the stopwatch from zero at the beginning of each element and deactivating it.
when the element ends and goes back to zero, this is done successively until completion
The study. It is considered advisable for timing long elements.
Advantages of zero return or repetitive reading
Elemental calculation requires less time.
2. Out-of-order elements are easily logged.
Exact values are obtained in short elements.
There are fewer distractions for the analyst.
Disadvantages
Its numerical calculation requires more time.
Requires greater concentration from the analyst.
3. The complete record is not obtained due to not considering delays and unusual elements.
It fosters distraction in the analyst.
Conclusion
Time is standardized in order to have a basis for work scheduling.
determine the standard labor costs and from there, support the incentives for the
personal.
The analysis of a process can lead to redesign actions to enhance the
effectiveness, reduce costs, improve quality and shorten times by reducing deadlines
production and delivery of the product or service.
2)
1.- It serves as support to comply with legal requirements
Implement a certified Occupational Health and Safety Management System under the
requirements of the OSHAS 18001 standard is a guarantee to know that we are
complying with the regulations established in labor safety.
The standardOSHAS 18001provides a framework that allows us to identify
the legal, regulatory, and contractual requirements, as well as being able to carry out
a follow-up and completion of them.
The fulfillment of the SG-SST requirements will not only help prevent accidents.
labor issues, but also prevents the organization from having to face fines
derivatives of non-compliance in legal material on occupational safety and health.
2.- Improve the company's image by strengthening its credibility
The fact that the organization in question has a certified SG-SST under the
The OSHAS 18001 standard shows the company's concern for maintaining a good
occupational safety.
This reinforces their credibility with clients, who see in this way that the organization
We will suffer incidents due to injuries of workers that may hinder the timeline.
of deliveries even reaching to paralyze the production itself.
In addition, in certain jurisdictions, when checking that an organization has a management system
SST is already a guarantee that it cares about the health of its workers, ensuring that
the fines are reduced.
3.- Helps reduce employee turnover
Organizations with Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems
of trust among their workers by showing themselves as environments that care about
their working conditions. This creates an environment where employees are comfortable and do not want to leave.
leave, thereby reducing staff turnover.
So we will have long-term employees and therefore they have sufficient
experience within the organization. This is a great asset, as it allows to reduce costs
in training of new personnel.
As is well known, it is always less expensive to maintain
the current employees to hire and train new ones.
4.- Process Improvement
Among the principles of OSHAS 18001 is included continuous improvement, which will allow
the improvement of the organization's processes thanks to the participation of its
employees, achieving significant savings in terms of workplace safety and health,
in addition to reducing the time taken to complete the work and the resources used in
the same
Ultimately, it is worth highlighting that with the Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems, not
we only help to improve the occupational safety of our employees, which is the main
objectives we are seeking, but it also entails other benefits for the organization.
long term.
