Study On Rewards
Study On Rewards
Task
presented in fulfillment of the subject
Philemon
2018
1
Introduction
The fact that one day we will have to account for what we did in this world
For the Lord, it is certainly one of the most serious teachings of Scripture. Without
embargo, rarely is the nature of the evidence we will face analyzed and what
By His grace, God gives salvation to those who put their faith in Jesus. We cannot
to earn this gift, nor do we deserve it. But our heavenly Father does see
our good works, and promises to reward us according to what we have done for him.
The service we present to God takes place when we allow the Lord to work.
through us, for His glory and honor; when divine resources satisfy the
Whether great or small, every service done in the name of Jesus of Nazareth,
will be rewarded. But we must ensure that our actions are for the
glory of Christ. If the motivation is our own glory, the only reward that
we will receive is the praise (if any) from those around us. And we know that the
Definition
The word 'Reward' will define the depth of what it entails in life.
Something that happens, either due to a good or bad action (<011501>Genesis 15:1;
Psalm 91:8
1 Timothy 5:18; Revelation 22:123
On the other hand, rewards have a close relationship with the Court of
Samuel Pérez Millos mentions the meaning of the Greek words tribunal, of the
1
Nelson Wilton, New Illustrated Dictionary of the Bible (1998): 1189.
2
Guillermo Cook, Explanatory Dictionary of Words from the Old Testament: 1465.
3
J.D. Douglas, Merrill C. Tenney, Bible Dictionary N-Z (2003): 188.
4
Samuel Pérez Millos, Course of Biblical Exegesis and Outlines for Preachers (1994): 49.
3
In the New Testament, the word "saint" always refers to the believers who
they have been set apart for the service of God. Unlike salvation, which applies to
the lives of sinners, their rewards will be given to the saints in the tribunal
of Christ. These rewards are reserved only for the saints. The unregenerated,
Those who never received the Lord Jesus Christ as their Savior will not participate in this judgment.
The apostle Paul illustrates to the believers in Corinth so that they can assimilate the
nature of rewards, under the verse 'Do you not know that those who run in the
stadium, everyone runs for the truth, but only one takes the prize? Run in such a way
that you may obtain it” (1 Cor. 9:24). In this sense, he mentions the following:
"Run in such a way that you may win." Paul uses the metaphor of a race to
indicate that all believers participate in a spiritual race. It is obvious that they do not.
it means that of all the believers, only one will win. Paul exhorts the
Corinthians to take their spiritual life seriously and consider it as if
it was a competition in which they must push themselves to the limit. How does this fit in
illustration within the theme of apostolic freedom? Paul shows that for him it
the only thing that matters is the progress of the gospel, to which he dedicates himself with
all their intellectual, spiritual, and physical power. In the same way, the believers of
Corinthians should dedicate themselves to making their spiritual life progress, as if they were running.
in a race to win the prize.5
Pablo compares the Christian life to the race of an athlete. The runner
he cannot receive the prize at the finish line unless he first enters the track
race and get ready to participate in the competition. Likewise, a person cannot
to expect God's rewards for mediocre service, unless one enters into the
right path and in fact live the life of a faithful servant. Since only God by His
Gracia is able to make an athlete out of each one of us and that there is no prize at all.
for those who are not on the true path, the rewards are only
5
Simón J. Kistemaker, Comments on the New Testament 1 Corinthians (1998): 276-277.
4
reserved and will be granted to the saints, to those washed and clean by the blood of
Blessed are you when men hate you, and when they exclude you from
yes, and they will revile you, and reject your name as evil, for the sake of the Son of
Man. Rejoice in that day, and be glad, for behold, your reward is great in
the heavens; for this is how their fathers treated the prophets" (Lk. 6:22-23).
The judgment before the tribunal of Christ will precede the wedding feast of the Lamb.
The wife will be adorned with fine white linen, bright and shining, which are the righteous acts of.
the saints. This means that we will be dressed in the works of service for the Lord,
may God, by His grace, allow us to do. It is also obvious that this judgment will take place.
after the rapture of the Church, when '...the Lord himself with a commanding voice, with a voice of
archangel, and with the trumpet of God, will descend from heaven; and the dead in Christ
they will rise first. Then we who are alive, who remain, will be
caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, and thus
"We will always be with the Lord" (1 Thess. 4:16, 17). In relation to this, the commentary
The description of that glorious meeting continues, the victorious power of God to
the end of the century is worth noting. Paul uses here a verb arpagesomeza, and thus there is
to understand it. It is not so much emphasized on an event (a 'rapture'), but on the action, the
the way the people of God will be gathered with the Lord: They will be taken up.
It denotes the vigor and irresistible power of God. Satan cannot stop the hand of
God. When the Lord returns for His own, no one will resist Him.6
6
Hispanic World Editorial, Biblical Commentary Hispanic World - volume 22, 1 and 2 Thessalonians 1 and
2 Timothy and Titus (2009): 55.
5
Regarding the tribunal of Christ, the author John Hagee illustrates the analogy of the bride.
At this very moment, the Lord is not judging the service of those who arrive.
before Him at death. According to what the Scripture says, the Lord Jesus Christ right now
he exercises his functions as Intercessor, not as Judge: "Wherefore he is also able to save
perpetually for those who come to God through him, always living to intercede for
there" (He. 7:25). "For there is one God, and one mediator between God and the
men, Jesus Christ man" (1 Tim. 2:5). He has not yet entered the courtroom nor
he has ascended the steps of the bema. He will not do so until he has gathered those whose
Even more imposing is the list of references from the New Testament that indicate that
The rewards will not be delivered until after the return of the Lord. It is said
of the rewards of the saints in association with that day, which refers to the glorious
So, do not judge anything before the time, until the Lord comes, who
will also clarify what is hidden in darkness and will manifest the intentions of the hearts;
and then each will receive his praise from God” (1 Cor. 4:5).
7
John Hagee, From Daniel to the Day of Judgment – The Countdown Has Already Begun (2000): 114.
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Behold, I come quickly, and my reward is with me, to give to each one
It is evident that rewards are not a present possession, nor are they
granted at the death of the believer. They will only be awarded after the servants are
courts, and that will be at the tribunal of Christ. In the verses mentioned above, the emphasis is
always in the future, the day when the Lord will come.
When the Lord Jesus Christ comes, we will be judged and rewarded.
Right now we say that everything will be worth it when we see Christ, but on that day
we will confirm this. Now, we are awaiting your arrival, just as a wife waits
anxious for the arrival of her future husband. The trial will occur almost immediately after the
abduction, because the wedding ceremony takes place shortly after the husband's arrival.
The husband will be there and we will meet covered with the white garments of
Just as the time of judgment before the court of Christ cannot be anything other than
the one that comes immediately after the rapture and before the wedding dinner of the
Lamb, in the same way, the place of judgment can be nothing other than heaven.
Thessalonians 4:13-18 describes the rapture of the Church and indicates that '...we will be
taken away... in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air...” Furthermore, 2 Corinthians 5:1-8
it portrays the courage we must have in the face of death, because we know '...that as long as
we are in the body, we are absent from the Lord. And like Paul, '...we would like to be
The place of the tribunal of Christ must be in the Celestial sphere (1 Thess. 4:17).
The same apostle points out the sphere of events, for every believer outside of
this world. (2 Co. 5:8)8
Death for the believer means being in the immediate presence of God. Thus
whether we reach him by death or by the rapture, we will undoubtedly appear before him
presence in the bema, where he will be both Judge and Remunerator. Regarding this John
MacArthur, mentions:
Whether by death or by rapture, every believer will one day stand before the Master.
celestial to be evaluated and rewarded. Once again, the obedient slave does not
has nothing to fear in front of the Master. As R. C. H. Lenski states: "He who
as a slave of Christ, he submits to his will in everything he does 'it is good'
"pleasant before God" and will never need to fear standing before his tribunal.9
8
Samuel Pérez Millos, Course on Biblical Exegesis and Outlines for Preachers (1994): 49-50.
9
John MacArthur, Slave The Hidden Truth About Your Identity in Christ (2011): 194.
10
Roberto Jamieson, Exegetical and Explanatory Commentary on the Bible Volume II: The New Testament
(2002): 465.
8
It is obvious that this event will happen in heaven, because judgment can only
to be held where the Judge is and those who will be judged. The Bible clearly indicates that
After our move from the earth, we will dwell in the sky, the Lord affirmed it.
Jesus Christ: "Let not your heart be troubled; you believe in God, believe also in me. In the house
In my Father's house, there are many rooms; if it were not so, I would have told you; I go, therefore, to
prepare a place for you. And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again and
awarded in the court of Christ will determine our possession and situation for the
eternity. What is even more incredible is that the service we are carrying out
now for God it will be the basis of the judgment at the celestial bema. This makes the work
done today for the Lord, may be the most important thing in the Christian life.
It is important to note that the evaluation and judgment before the tribunal of Christ is
universal, only the believers will be judged. In such a way that the evaluation of the works
In the heavenly bema, it is universal and exclusive. It is universal for all who have
experienced the new birth by the Spirit of God and exclusive of all the
demás.
Pablo refers to the same topic in 2 Corinthians 5:9, 10: 'Therefore we make it our aim'
also, whether absent or present, to be pleasant to him. Because it is necessary that all of us
Let us compare ourselves before the tribunal of Christ, so that each one may receive according to what he has done.
done while in the body, whether good or bad." Speaking to the believers,
Pablo says: 'Because it is necessary for all of us to appear before the tribunal of
"Christ," that excludes anyone who has not received him as Savior. But we
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that we are property of Christ, because we received him as our Lord and Savior,
we will be there. All those who have been washed and made clean by the blood of
Lambs will present themselves before him as Lord, and will give an account of their life of service to
God.
The judge
That Judge can only be God, thus guaranteeing the delivery of the rewards.
sympathy and understanding for the problems of human beings to serve their Master.
This means that the perfect Judge must be God and man. That is exactly what the
what is Lord Jesus Christ: God and perfect Man. In accordance with the program
sublime of God, the Judge in the tribunal, will truly be the Lord Jesus Christ. The Lord
Jesus, who is God in the flesh, will certainly make a holy and honest judgment when granting the
rewards for the service, because its essence is honesty and holiness: 'Because such
the high priest suited us: holy, innocent, undefiled, separated from sinners, and
But Jesus himself did not trust them, because he knew all men, and did not have
the necessity for no one to bear witness to the man, for he knew what was in him.
As a human he was tempted, but did not sin: 'For we do not have a high priest'
that cannot sympathize with our weaknesses, but one who was tempted in all
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according to our likeness, but without sin” (Heb. 4:15). He has compassion and understands the
The heavenly bema is the tribunal of Christ, and there is no doubt about who will be the
Judge. There are a good number of additional references to Jesus as Judge. When meditating on the
time of his departure, in 2 Timothy 4:8 Paul refers to 'the crown of righteousness, which is given to him'
the Lord will give, a just judge”. Peter says that Jesus “...God has appointed Him as Judge of the living and
dead" (Acts 10:42). Luke recorded in Acts 17:31 that God "has appointed a day
in which he will judge the world with justice, by that man whom he appointed, giving proof to
The only man qualified to be such a Judge is the Lord Jesus Christ. This verse
For the Father judges no one, but has committed all judgment to the Son.
the judgment was given to the Son" (Jn. 5:22). Therefore, it is evident that in the court of Christ
we will be treated with justice. Because of the fairness and integrity of the Judge in the bema, the
Lord Jesus Christ, if our works are found acceptable we will be granted
rewards.
Christ occupies the court. Christ has to be the judge since God handed over everything.
judgment in his hands (Jn. 5:22-27). He is a just Judge (2 Ti. 4:8), a judge who does not judge
By appearance (Rev. 1:14), his eyes probe everything, his light illuminates everything (1 Cor.
A Judge full of love for those who are judged (Gal. 2:20; Eph. 5:25b).11
The New Testament uses the term "Church" to refer to the body of men and
Samuel Pérez Millos, Course of Biblical Exegesis and Outlines for Preachers (1994): 50.
11
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They recognized the sacrifice of the Lord Jesus Christ on Calvary as the payment for their wickedness.
The relationship between the Church and Jesus Christ is one of blessedness. Between Christ and His
However, Christ loves us so much that right now He is preparing a place for us.
us. His promise is: 'And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again, and will...
I will take you to myself, so that where I am, you may also be" (Jn. 14:3). When
come for us, we will dwell with him for eternity. This event, which we know
commonly known as the rapture of the Church, will precede the judgment before the tribunal of Christ.
First we will be taken up to heaven and then we will stand before the Lord at the bema,
Since we cannot present ourselves before the tribunal of Christ unless we are
servants of God, and since we cannot be servants of God if we have not been saved from
sin by the Lord, then only the saved will stand before the Judge at the bema
celestial. In these portions of Scripture that deal with the tribunal of Christ, there
frequently mentions the verb in the first person. For example in the
The first 10 verses of chapter 5 of 2 Corinthians use the first person plural.
no less than 17 times: "Because we know that if our earthly dwelling, this
tabernacle, if it is destroyed, we have from God a building, a house not made by hands,
eternal, in the heavens. And for this reason we also groan, longing to be clothed with that
our heavenly room; for we shall be found dressed, and not naked. Because
likewise we who are in this tabernacle groan with anguish; because not
we would like to be unclothed, but rather clothed, so that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life.
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But He who made us for this very purpose is God, who has given us the pledge of the Spirit.
we are absent from the Lord (for we walk by faith, not by sight); but we are confident, and more
we would like to be absent from the body and present with the Lord. Therefore we strive
also, whether absent or present, to be pleasant to him. Because it is necessary that all of us
let us appear before the tribunal of Christ, so that each one may receive according to what he has
Pablo directs this letter '...to the church of God that is in Corinth, with all the
saints who are in all Achaia” (2 Co. 1:1). Both words “church” and “saints” are
terms reserved for those washed and clean in the blood of the Lamb, the Lord Jesus.
When Paul refers to 'us' in chapter 5, he is not talking about the whole world,
some of the Christians to whom the letter is addressed. Whether they were in Corinth at the
the first century, or in any town in this century, it is the Christian who will one day appear
before the tribunal of Christ. The world will have no participation of any kind, as
also did not stop at the bema in ancient Corinth imploring for a crown, someone who
But... What about those who have rejected Christ? Will they not be
courts? Yes, but they will not appear before the Judge in this heavenly theme. They will
they will present before him in the judicial court of the great white throne, portrayed prophetically in
they have "a building of God"; they also do not possess "the earnest of the Spirit" that speaks of
Verse 5; they do not walk 'by faith', as verse 7 says; they do not have the hope of being
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"presents to the Lord" at his death, as stated in verse 8; his work is not "pleasant"
for God and subsequently will not appear before the tribunal of Christ.
It is evident that those who will be judged at the beam of Christ are those who through
by the unmerited grace of God have received new life in Christ. This will be the judgment of
the Church, not of humanity in general or the world. Only those qualified will be able to
to meet there and the only way to qualify is through the death of Jesus in favor
we will be judged for the things we did in the body, whether good or bad.
We will not be judged as sinners, but as servants. In the tribunal of Christ we will be.
present in the body, as mentioned by the Apostle Paul. These works will determine him
degree of development of the Christian during their stay on earth, which will prove the
Therefore, the Tribunal of Christ – Bema, will be a judgment that will evaluate the works of the
that have already been saved and this evaluation includes the works themselves, the quality with which they are
The works, what we do for God counts a lot, Malachi 3:16 speaks of
a book of remembrance, in which God records everything that the believer does for Him...
All works that are evaluated as acts of eternal value or merit, there exists a
reward that serves as a promise and as motivation for such acts. The locality,
with which we do the works for Christ. Paul wrote that divine judgment 'the work
Each one's work will be tested by fire” (1 Cor. 3:13). Before the tribunal, it will be judged.
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whether those works were good or bad (Greek: agathos or phaulos). The good works
it can be defined as those that are clearly "made in God" (Jn.
3:21), they can also be defined as "the work of your faith" (1 Th. 1:3), just as
As God classifies them, good works are designated by gold, silver, and bronze.
precious stones, and they are the fruit of a believer who walks in communion with God and to
Who governs the Holy Spirit. The bad deeds refer to things that, in the eyes
of God, lack value, they could be called the dead works or the works of the
flesh, these are the works that believers do out of pure fleshly energy, not counting
with the power of the Spirit, they are also considered bad if they were done with a
incorrect motivation. The motivations will be revealed at the judgment seat of Christ.
the works that were done. The purpose or motivation of the heart validates or invalidates
the actions of this life. What Jesus thinks of our deeds is more important
what others think. Revelation 2:23 reminds us that God scrutinizes the
minds and hearts to test us and grant us the just reward.12
towards the actual evaluation of our work. The verse says: "For it is necessary that
The word that was translated as 'appear' in 2Co_5:10 could be better translated
it must be made manifest, so that the verse reads: 'For it is necessary
that all of us be brought to light." This suggests that the purpose
from the stage is to make a manifestation, demonstration, or public revelation of the
character and essential motives of the individual. Plummer's observation: 'No
we will be judged en masse, or in classes, but one by one, according to merit
individual", 7 confirms the fact that this is an individual judgment for each believer.
before the Lord. The works of the believer are subjected to judgment, that is, 'whatever has
done while in the body" (2Co_5:10), to determine if they are
good or bad. Regarding the word bad (phaulos), it should be noted that
Pablo did not use the word that is commonly used for bad (kakos or ponerás), the
which would mean both, that which is ethically or morally bad, but rather
. . . evil under another aspect,
not even that of active or passive malignity, but rather that of uselessness, the
impossibility of having obtained a true profit from it ... This notion of
Uselessness is the central notion.13
There is an inseparable link between labor for the Lord and life in Him. In fact, the
the service we provide is our life, the things we did in the body. Not only do we
He will judge what we did for Him, but also who we are. We will present ourselves to be
Our reasons, capacity, desire to serve, and the service itself will all be summarized in a
single package, which we will present for evaluation. This package is our life. In the
the entire panorama of our Christian existence and service will be exposed.
Reward degrees
Each believer will receive a 'reward', as long as they qualify for it.
Although each of these awards will be different. The Bible speaks of a great reward,
During the trial, the distribution of the prizes will take place, these in no way...
they will be granted so that the person satisfies their ego, but for praise and glory
of Christ, who empowered the believer to perform that work (Phil. 1:11).
rewards are promised for faithful service. If any work is considered the result of
justice, the praise derived from it should be directed to the one who, in His grace, offered the
opportunity for the work of God to be manifested (Jn. 3:21).14
The rewards, the crowns mentioned in the Bible, are detailed below:
Don't you know that those who run in the stadium, all truly run, but one
does only the winner receive the prize? Run in such a way that you may obtain it. Everyone who fights, of
incorruptible. So, in this way I run, not as if to the chance; in this way
I fight, not like someone hitting the air, but I hit my body, and I put it in
When Paul sent this message to the Corinthians, he was evidently thinking
in the sporting events held in Rome. The prize was only a crown of
laurel which soon withered and ended up drying out. However, to gain that
prize the athletes sacrificed, trained, and were subjected to severe discipline. As
he did not want the Christians to strike in the air at random, the apostle reminded them of their
readers who had to fight to win an eternal crown. To achieve this, no one
the sacrifice had to be neither too great nor any preparation too tedious.
the prize will be 'an incorruptible crown', '...an incorruptible, untainted inheritance and
“incorruptible, reserved in the heavens for you” (1 Pet. 1:4). Like J. Dwight
Pentecost, mentions: an incorruptible crown for those who gain mastery over
This crown is what the winner of souls will receive. Paul wrote to the
Thessalonians "For what is our hope, or joy, or crown that I
Are you not our glory, before our Lord Jesus Christ, at his coming?
Phil. 2:19). And in another passage, he said to the Philippians: "So, my beloved brothers and
beloved, my joy and crown, stand firm in the Lord, my beloved” (Phil. 4:1). The
evangelization of the lost is a deep desire of God, and He has promised
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to reward those who minister to souls for the sake of His name. This is a
principle that Jesus taught thoroughly in John 4.16
For what is our hope, or joy, or crown of which I may glory? Is it not
Are you not, before our Lord Jesus Christ at his coming?
Evidently, this reward will be given to those who win souls. Paul was
They in the presence of the Lord would surpass any other happiness in heaven.
Juan would probably have agreed with him, because he wrote: 'I do not have'
It is greater joy than this, to hear that my children walk in the truth" (3 Jn. 4). Daniel, who
he received a special vision concerning the last days, wrote: "And many of "
those who sleep in the dust of the earth will be awakened, some to eternal life, and others
for perpetual shame and confusion. The wise will shine like the shining
from the firmament; and those who teach justice to the multitude, like the stars to eternity
"eternity" (Dn. 12:2, 3). Solomon expressed true wisdom when he wrote: "...the one who
The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life; and he who wins souls is wise.
And when the Chief Shepherd appears, you will receive the crown
When an athlete reached the finish line, the crowd watching from the stands
he would stand up and applaud the achievement of the runner or athlete. Even Caesar smiled
when he placed the crown on the temples of the victorious winner. As Pedro
I was visualizing this scene, my thoughts flew back to that day when the King of kings and
the multitude of redeemed souls will recognize the worth of the spiritual athletes of the earth.
Christ will place crowns on the heads of the winners and those who receive them will never
they will regret the effort they made to successfully finish the race. Pablo said:
This is the crown promised to all who shepherd the flock of God.
having the right motivation (1 Peter 5:2-4). The holy pastors, worthy of
rewards, are those who serve voluntarily instead of doing it for
obligation. Instead of ordering their sheep to be obedient, they themselves give
They admit that their position is a ministry that has been entrusted to them, for which
they must answer to the Eternal Pastor.17
This is the crown that will be given to those who remain faithful throughout the
tests (Stg. 1:2, 3, 12; Rev. 2:10; 3:11). Two of the two requirements in these passages
they include a response of joy, which originates from thinking that it is the Lord who
send the tests, therefore being opportunities to grow and achieve stability thus
how to increase love for the Lord, who motivates faithful behavior.19
Blessed is the man who endures temptation; for when he has stood the test
test, he will receive the crown of life, which God has promised to those who love him" (James 1:12).
it is a reward for a victorious service, but for the dedication to Christ, when the
bad challenges integrity. The Lord said to the church in Smyrna: 'I know your works,
17
Thomas Ice, The Countdown to Armageddon (1999): 100.
18
Tim LaHaye, Life in the Afterlife (1983): 89.
19
Thomas Ice, The Countdown to Armageddon (1999): 100.
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and your tribulation, and your poverty (but you are rich), and the blasphemy of those who say they are
Jews, and they are not, but a synagogue of Satan. Do not be afraid of anything you are about to suffer. I
here, the devil will throw some of you into prison, so that you may be tested, and
you will have tribulation for ten days. Be faithful until death, and I will give you the crown of
The declaration of Paul "Furthermore, there is laid up for me the crown of righteousness, the
what will the Lord, the righteous judge, give me on that day; and not only to me, but also to all those
who love its coming" (2 Tim. 4:8) is very significant as it does not say "for all who
they await his coming," because most Christians await his coming. But to say "I
"I hope for your coming" is not the same as saying "I love your coming." Regarding this, Thomas
The apostle Paul, who had preached the gospel throughout the world.
known in his day was convinced that the Lord would reward his effort. In the
preface of his statement made a brief record of his achievements: "Because I am already for
to be sacrificed, and the time of my departure is near. I have fought the good fight, I have
I have finished the race, I have kept the faith. (2 Tim. 4:6, 7)
He had reached the end of his ministry and was ready to meet the Lord.
There may be a connection between his testimony and the advice he gave to the Ephesians,
urging them to put on "...the whole armor of God..." (Eph. 6:11), something that the
apostle used throughout his life. He, whose heart had been covered by justice
he was a worthy recipient of the highest honor that heaven can bestow.
Conclusion
the honors that will be granted to the servants of Christ. It should be remembered that the Lord
he warned the church of the possibility of losing the crown: "Behold, I come quickly;
hold on to what you have, so that no one takes your crown" (Rev. 3:11). When they have
concluded all the proceedings before the tribunal of Christ, those appointed to
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Douglas, J.D., Tenney, Merrill C. Bible Dictionary N-Z. Hispano World Publishing
2003.
Hagee, John. From Daniel to the Day of Judgment - The countdown has already begun. Nashville,
TM-Miami: Caribbean Editorial, 2000.
Jamieson, Roberto. Exegetical and Explanatory Commentary on the Bible Volume II: The New
Testament. El Paso, Texas: Baptist Publishing House, 2002.
MacArthur, John. Slave: The Hidden Truth About Your Identity in Christ.
Tennessee, United States of America: Nelson Group, 2011.
Pentecost, J. Dwight. Events of the Future. United States of America: Editorial Vida,
1989.
Pérez Millos, Samuel. Course on Biblical Exegesis and Outlines for Preachers.
Terrassa, Barcelona: Editorial Clie, 1994.
Wilton, Nelson. New Illustrated Dictionary of the Bible. El Caribe Publishing, 1998.