WRITTEN WORK

FLOODING

MEMBERS:
FERLEY ANDRES MORENO RENTERIA
ARLEDYS MARTINEZ CHALA
ANA CRISTINA SANCHEZ CHAVERRA

TEACHER:
EDGAR BOHORQUE FUENTES

GROUP:
INTEGRAL LOGISTICS
SEMESTER
#5

JAIME ISAZA CADAVID POLYTECHNIC

SECTION- ANT
YEAR
2021
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.Introduction
2. Objective
3. Definitions of flooding
4. Types of floods
4.1.rainwater
4.2.fluvial
4.3. according to the thrust of the current or the energy released
5.coastal
6. tsunamis
7. main causes of flooding
8. consequence produced by flooding
9. side effects
10. human influence
11. occupation of flood-prone areas
12. deforestation
13. floor covered with impermeable materials
14. infrastructure works that interfere with the course.
15. positive aspects
16.preventive measures for flooding
17.gravitational processes
17.1. groups
17.2. landslides
17.3. detachment
17.4. flows
17.5. avalanches
18 factors that favor gravitational processes
19.damage it causes
20. Mitigation measures.
21 ways to prevent flooding
22. conclusion
23.bibliography
 1.
INTRODUCTION

This work will focus on flood prevention specifically on

cause due to the garbage strip, among other aspects, objectives, types of floods, etc. A
Flooding is the increase of water in any terrain and its effects can be
devastating and deadly. They occur due to extreme rainfall and can be caused by
any of its forms of precipitation: in liquid state, when water falls as rain,
or in solid state, when it falls as hail or snow. In cities, the
floods are generally due to drainage deficiencies, but above all to the
accumulation of garbage that blocks the drains. Water is a vital element and one of the
the most valuable natural resources of any country due to social benefits and
economic benefits that arise from their conscious exploitation; however, along with the
There are also extreme situations such as floods and droughts.
2. OBJECTIVES: To raise awareness of the risks caused by flooding due to
trash strip, as well as raising awareness among teenagers so that they take action
preventive measures within the school.

Encourage prevention habits in adolescents so that the

number of floods in that area.

Strengthening its capacity to respond to flood emergencies

3. Definitions of flooding
Occupation by water of areas that are usually dry, either due to
overflow of rivers and streams due to torrential rains or thawing, or seas due to rising
the tides above the usual level or due to tsunamis caused by tidal waves.
They are mainly produced by the occurrence of intensely prolonged rains,
as occurs during tropical storms and the passage of hurricanes. Combined with difficulties
locales in the drainage caused by different factors, mainly by action
negligent of the people

It is the rise in water level due to intense and continuous rainfall, causing the
overflow of rivers, lakes, coastal marine regions or other places that cause damage to the
people and affect goods and services. They cause the highest number of victims in the world
due to disasters. In the 20th century, about 3.2 million people died for this reason.
These originate from torrential rains or from melting snow. They produce a series of
consequences such as the disruption of the region's economy (especially if it is agricultural
because, when the water recedes, it drags away the fertile layer of the soil. Another consequence is the
contamination of soils and aquifers, putting the population at risk of
epidemics.
4. Types of flooding.
According to their origin, floods are classified as:
4.1. Rainwater: they are caused directly by rain
4.2 River floods: they are caused by river overflow.
These occur as a consequence of the precipitation that happens when the humidity
contained in the seas, oceans, and other large bodies of water, is transported towards the
land by the wind. The process can originate due to the existence of: hurricanes,
normal winds, polar masses.

4.3. According to the thrust of the current or the energy released:

Sudden or flash floods

Slow or progressive flooding

5. Coastal areas: these areas can be affected by storm surges particularly

in the Gulf of Mexico, where the rise in sea level causes this
penetrates deep inland, affecting in some cases very large areas. This phenomenon
the wave damage is added, and together they cause very significant damage, such as the shipwreck of the
boats, the erosion of the beaches. The effect of water is not only destructive as it advances
inland if not also in its retreat to the sea.

6.Tsunamis.
Tsunamis, also known as tidal waves, have a name of Japanese origin that
it means large waves within the bays, the truth is that tsunamis are the result of
the volcanic eruptions and underwater tremors that shake the planet the tsunamis
they cross the ocean in the form of low waves and as they approach the beaches, they rise,
depending on the area, its causes have nothing to do with the winds or with attraction
of the moon and the sun.
7. Main causes of flooding.
River floods are natural processes that have occurred
periodically

The main cause of river flooding is usually heavy rainfall.

In the Mediterranean area, the phenomenon of cold drop occurs, which is a damming.
of air at very low temperature in the middle layers of the atmosphere that, upon colliding
with the air rising from the sea, it causes intense precipitation and the subsequent
flood.
In East Asia, the main cause of river flooding is rainfall.
torrential rains caused by the monsoon, often associated with typhoons.

Hurricanes are a Caribbean version of typhoons, which temporarily ravage the.

Gulf of Mexico region causing flooding from waves of up to eight
metros. Tropical storms also tend to cause very heavy rains.

Sudden increases in temperature can cause river floods due to the rapid
melting of the snows.

8. CONSEQUENCES OF FLOODING

The floods cause a series of consequences in the affected area:

Solid transport.
Extensive areas covered by water.
Intense erosion.
Proliferation of microorganisms.
Damaged houses.
Interruption of communication routes.
Loss of lives.
Crop losses.
Sediment deposit.
9. SIDE EFFECTS
Transmissible diseases.
Food scarcity.
Problems of waste disposal (solid and liquid).
Contamination of drinking water.

10.Human influence.

The greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere due to human activity have
significantly increased the probability of torrential rains and the risk of
floods.

11.Occupation of flood-prone areas.

Next to the channel that the river uses, there is a flood zone that is occupied during the floods.
seasonal. Above it, there are usually floodplain terraces that are occupied by the
waters in the great floods every 25 or 100 years. These spaces are part of the riverbed
natural of the river. The neglect of this circumstance is the main cause of disasters.

12. Deforestation:

By cutting down forests, we remove the filter of carbon dioxide, the main pollutant.
What causes global warming?

Vegetables act as sponges, filtering water to the roots of trees, without

water flows causing floods and inundations

Removing the forest from the mountains will cause floods and a decrease in the amount.
and water quality, especially in urban areas.

13. Ground covered with waterproof materials: The construction of housing developments,
Road parking lots, etc. hinder water infiltration.

14. Infrastructure works that interfere with the channel: Roads or tracks of
Railways produce an effect that hinders the drainage of water
15. Positive aspects.

The lands are preserved

Recharge of groundwater

Preservation of the river ecosystem providing breeding areas, habitats and

feeding fish, wildlife flora and fauna.

16. Preventive measures for flooding:

do not build or buy your home in areas near the riverbanks,

ravines or other water frequencies.

If you live in a flood-prone area. Secure electrical equipment and other material goods.
that water can deteriorate or contaminate

Avoid leaving children alone and stay alert, if necessary evacuate to safe places.
safer.

Keep a supply of drinking water, food, radio, flashlight, batteries, and equipment.
first aid, during the rainy season.

Have a safe place where you can stay or at least take shelter.
in the case of a flood

Have emergency phone numbers for the Red Cross, national police,
firefighters and health centers.

17. Gravitational Processes: They are movements of materials in favor of gravity that
they are associated with the presence of slopes and the presence of water.
17.1. Groups:

17.2 Landslides: movements along a fracture surface. Depending on

whichever this surface may be, two types are distinguished:

Translational slides: when the fracture surface is less than or equal to

pending that the land. It is easier to occur when there are faults or when
There are more and less competent rocks.

Rotational landslides: when the sliding surface is a plane

curved. They usually occur in low-cohesion materials and steep slopes. Prior to
Cracks occur at the top of the escarpment during sliding.

17.3. Landslide: free fall of materials. There is a landslide if the distance

followed by the rocks occurs totally or partially through the air. It may be due to undermining.
of the escarpment and presence of fractures and/or stratification planes that individualize blocks
of rock.

17.4. Flows: movements of loose materials that behave like a fluid when
they mix with water (clay materials are the most common). Solifluction. These flows
they can occur with minimal slopes. When they are triggered by the activity of a
volcanoes are called lahars.

17.5. Avalanches: rapid movements of poorly classified materials (there are materials of
all sizes mixed) and loose. They can reach high speeds. They are
facilitated by the presence of water and clay materials. Volcanic and seismic activity
often acts as a trigger.
18. Factors that favor gravitational processes:

Steep slope.

Presence of water. Water causes materials to change their behavior.

Absence of vegetation. The vegetation absorbs part of the rainwater, prevents the
vegetal runoff, soil retention.

Alternation of layers of different permeability.

Presence of altered materials.

Parallel stratification to the slope.

Presence of fractures, joints or faults.

Deforestation.

19. Damage caused:

Rapid landslides are the ones that pose the greatest risks and can cause
victims, while the slow ones and the subsidences present less damage. The
sinking causes damage when it impacts the surface, it can be said that the risk
it is associated with its effects on the surface. Sometimes, the higher risk processes are
small scale, such as rock falls and sudden collapses. A
despite the improvements in recognition, prediction, preventive measures, and systems of
emergency, damage from landslides in the world is on the rise.

20. Mitigation measures.

Reduction of the population density in the risk area

Prohibit the use of areas at risk of flooding

Relocation of elements that obstruct the flow of river relief and

gullies.
21.WAYS TO PREVENT FLOODING:

Avoid building near rivers.

Maintain an emergency supply: drinking water and non-perishable food,

a first aid kit, copies of the housing documents and
personal identification.

Participate with your community in the preparation of a mitigation plan: routes of

evacuation, shelter sites, and an inventory of human and material resources
of the neighborhood.

Avoid deforestation and collaborate with the conservation of the environment in general.
2.2

CONCLUSION

With this work, we have realized that to prevent disasters in the

floods should not be built near seas or rivers that could be
overwhelmed. This way we will avoid the death of many people. The flood is the
materialization of risk and disaster; since we have our threat, such as:
precipitations, storm surges, etc. added to the vulnerability that we ourselves
we create, and it is constructed in such a way that it affects the population or region.
 23.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://risksanddisasters1a.wikispaces.com/7.- +LANDSLIDES.

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Wikipedia

Book Sciences for the Contemporary World.

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http://www.monografias.com/trabajos34/natural-disasters/natural-disasters-
naturales.shtml

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