Program 1:
class Employee {
// Private fields (encapsulated data)
private int id;
private String name;
// Setter methods
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
// Getter methods
public int getId() {
return id;
public String getName() {
return name;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Employee emp = new Employee();
// Using setters
emp.setId(101);
emp.setName("Geek");
// Using getters
System.out.println("Employee ID: " + emp.getId());
System.out.println("Employee Name: " + emp.getName());
Program 2:
class Animal {
void eat() {
System.out.println("Animal is eating...");
void sleep() {
System.out.println("Animal is sleeping...");
// Subclass (Child) - Inherits from Animal
class Dog extends Animal {
void bark() {
System.out.println("Dog is barking!");
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog myDog = new Dog();
// Inherited methods (from Animal)
myDog.eat();
myDog.sleep();
// Child class method
myDog.bark();
Program 3:
abstract class Vehicle {
// Abstract methods (what it can do)
abstract void accelerate();
abstract void brake();
// Concrete method (common to all vehicles)
void startEngine() {
System.out.println("Engine started!");
}
// Concrete implementation (hidden details)
class Car extends Vehicle {
@Override
void accelerate() {
System.out.println("Car: Pressing gas pedal...");
// Hidden complex logic: fuel injection, gear shifting, etc.
@Override
void brake() {
System.out.println("Car: Applying brakes...");
// Hidden logic: hydraulic pressure, brake pads, etc.
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Vehicle myCar = new Car();
myCar.startEngine();
myCar.accelerate();
myCar.brake();
