Homework

(Bullet-point answers for Type C questions of Population Unit)

Class: _________________ Name: ________________

Task 1: Generate a question for the bullet-point answers, according to the corresponding

content. What question are these ideas answering?

Example: What are the problems / consequences of over-population?

Q1: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. Lack of work which leads to poverty, inadequate food supplies which cause death by starvation or
malnutrition.
2. Poor access to education so people remain unqualified.
3. Poor access to health care, which leads to high death rates.
4. Overcrowded housing with inadequate basic amenities etc.

Q2: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What are the consequences of under-population
1. Insufficient workforce, therefore, there is a need to attract migrants.
2. Lack of innovation in the economy.
3. Decline of economy/difficult to sustain economy.
4. Under-utilisation of resources.
5. Difficulty in funding state pension/social security system.
6. Defence of country is difficult.
7. Difficult to fund/expensive to run services.
8. Difficult to attract industry/foreign investment, because of small domestic market.
What are the consequences of aging population
Q3: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. It increases dependency ratio.
2. It puts a strain on the economically active population due to higher taxation.
3. More money needed for pensions/to support elderly/for elderly to live on.
4. There is a need for more care homes/health care/facilities for elderly etc.
5. There are not enough workers for key positions/smaller workforce/more non-economically active people.
6. It is more difficult to defend the country.
7. Need to attract foreign workers.
8. The services for the young are under-utilised/uneconomical.
9. The economy slows down/not so vibrant/less innovative workforce.
10. An increase in the retirement age.
11. The creation of jobs caring for elderly etc.
Why is the birth rate in less developed country is higher
Q4: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. There is less availability of contraception/family planning advice/birth control.
2. People are less educated regarding contraception.

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3. People are less likely to be able to afford contraception.
4. People are less likely to worry about expense of bringing up children.
5. It is less likely for parents to work full time/women put careers first.
6. It is less likely that women will be educated.
7. Female emancipation is less likely.
8. It is more likely to want children to work on the land.
9. It is more likely to want children to move out in order to earn money for the family.
10. It is more likely to want children to look after parents in their old age.
11. It is more likely to have higher IMR (Infant Mortality Rate).
12. There is less awareness of problems caused by overpopulation.
13. People are less likely to be affected by government policy to reduce family sizes.
14. People are more likely to have large families due to tradition and cultural expectation.
Why is the birth rate in developed country is lower?
Q5: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. Easy availability of contraception/family planning advice/birth control.
2. People are more educated regarding contraception.
3. People are able to afford contraception.
4. People are not likely to want children to work on the land/to earn money to support the family etc.
5. There is an availability of pensions, so not likely to need children to look after parents in their old age.
6. There is a high cost of education/bringing up children.
7. Femail emancipation achieved / there is sexual equality / many women are now career orientated.
8. More people are materialistic, which means they may choose a career or luxuries over having a child.
9. People are not strongly influenced by tradition/culture/religion such as the need for boys rather than girls.
10. There is a low IMR etc.
What is the death rate in developed country is lower
Q6: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. There are good health care facilities and a high ratio of hospitals/doctors/nurses/clinics to people.
2. There is good sanitation/better hygiene in general.
3. There is good access to safe/clean water.
4. There are sufficient food supplies.
5. There is inoculation against many disease/drugs/medicines/cures for diseases.
6. Good education regarding healthcare/lifestyle issues.
7. Good availability of pensions.
8. There is specific provision for the elderly (to make old age more comfortable and liveable, such as
wheelchairs and nursing homes are more common) etc.

What’s the e ectiveness of population policies ?

Q7: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. They could distribute free contraceptives.
2. They could provide education about contraception.
3. They could pass a law, like the one child policy in China.
4. They could offer incentives for smaller families.
5. They could advertise the benefits of small families.

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Q8: Why can’t families raise many children in developed countries?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. There is a strain on the working population/economy/families; unable to supply enough food.
2. It is difficult to pay for childcare.
3. (Mostly) Women might need to spend time on childcare and will be unable to do other work.
4. Higher need for money to be spent on health care/maternity facilities.
5. Can result in overcrowded homes.
6. Can result in a high number of child homelessness / street children.
7. Can result in overcrowded schools / sharing of school access, so children may not get qualifications.
8. High cost of education/school is relatively high to the government.

Task2: Generate a question for the place-specific answers, according to the corresponding

content. What question is this case-study response answering?

What’s
Q9: the current population condition of Bangladesh? what’s the result of it and what’s
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
the variation trend of it ?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

With a total population of 164.7 million to its area of 147,570 km2, Bangladesh is the world’s 8th most
overpopulated country. It has around 1,300 people per km2. Its population is relatively equally distributed
throughout the country.
The overpopulation is caused by both human and physical reasons. The average monthly earnings for
somebody living in Bangladesh is $150 compared to $3,500 for those living in the United States. Most people
cannot afford to move out of the country due to poverty. Bangladesh has some of the world’s best fertile
agricultural land and people working in the farming industry profit a lot from it.
Despite this, the massive population means that there are still issues with food shortages, traffic
congestion, unemployment and under-employment, and pollution related health and environmental problems.
The government has attempted to reduce this problem and have introduced anti-natal birth control solutions
since the 1980s, which has had some effect on slowing down the birth rate. The fertility rate dropped from 6.4
in 1980 to 2.1 in 2016, showing progress.

What’s the current population condition of Australia? what caused it? What’s the e ect of it?
Q10: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Australia has a total population of only 24.6 million people, and a land area of 7.69 million km2 resulting
in a population distribution of 3.1 people per km2, making it one of the most sparsely populated countries in the
world and the 7th most under-populated. It is a country very rich country in resources; it has a large reserve of
iron ore, coal, gold, copper, natural gas, and uranium. The population mostly live on the coast of the island,
mainly in the Southwest and Southeast. Most of the island is made up of a desert, with a maximum temperature
of 48.8 °C, and not all people are suited for this kind of weather. Not many people have migrated to Australia
since its independence in 1901, and the government tries to attract skilled migrants to increase the labour force.
The effects of this are shortage of food production and a reliance on trade goods, a shortage in the labour

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 force, meaning it is not possible to exploit all the resources in the country, and fewer people paying tax than
would be optimal. Also, schools and hospitals might close because there are not enough people utilising them
and public transport links might close if there are not enough passengers.
The Australian government has tried to make it easier for migrants to come into the country and get the
necessary documents, demonstrating their awareness of the issue as they strive to achieve a more optimal
population.

What’s the result and e ect of rapid population growth?

Q11: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Governments of some countries may be concerned by rapid population growth due to various reasons,
including the following:
Strain on Resources: Rapid population growth can put a strain on the resources of a country. As the
population grows, the demand for food, water, energy, and other resources increases, which can lead to
scarcity and the depletion of resources. This can, in turn, lead to a rise in prices and a decrease in the quality
of life for citizens. For example, in countries like India and China, rapid population growth has resulted in a
strain on resources such as water, energy, and food, leading to food and water scarcity and price inflation.
Environmental Impact: Rapid population growth can also have a significant impact on the environment.
As the population grows, the demand for land and natural resources increases, leading to deforestation, habitat
destruction, and pollution. For example, countries like Nigeria and Bangladesh are experiencing significant
deforestation due to population growth. This can lead to negative consequences such as climate change, the
loss of biodiversity, and the depletion of natural resources.
Social and Political Stability: Rapid population growth can also threaten social and political stability.
When a country's population grows too quickly, it can lead to overcrowding, unemployment, poverty, and
social unrest. This can threaten the stability of the government and lead to political turmoil. For example, in
countries like Egypt and Syria, rapid population growth, when combined with other factors has led to political
and social unrest, and even civil war.
In conclusion, the rapid growth of a population has various negative consequences for a country in terms
of its resources, environment, and social and political stability, making it important for governments to
address these concerns.

What’s the variation trend of Chinese population and how does the Chinese government policy
a Q12:
ect __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
it
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

In 1979, the population of China was 1 billion. It was estimated at the time that by 2025, the population
would reach 1.8 billion. Traditionally in rural China, couples had large numbers of children to help with farming
and look after the older generations.
Worry over the lack of resources to support such a large population, resulted in a political solution, and
China introduced the “One Child Policy” in hopes that the population would be limited to 1.2 billion by 2025
instead of 1.8 billion.
Incentives included pensions, healthcare, and priority housing for one-child families. For example,
Families who had only one child were rewarded with priority access to education, childcare, and

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 healthcare. Alternatively, couples were fined for having a second child and lost some benefits. The fine varied
from US $400 to $14,000 depending on the region, and for some workers this was a year’s pay.
The desire for a boy is part of Chinese culture. The belief that only a son can carry on family traditions
and lead ceremonies dates back thousands of years. Boys are also preferred for farming work. Women were
under pressure to abort during second pregnancies or if the first pregnancy was for a girl. In the worst-case
scenarios, forced abortions and sterilization took place. Under this policy, couples aborted or abandoned
female babies, so they could try again for a boy. There lead to an uneven gender balance. This means not all
the males will find a Chinese bride. Girls traditionally looked after the elderly. Less girls being born with
more girls going to work means the elderly are sometimes neglected. This led to the policy allowing couples
to try again if their first baby turned out to be a girl.
While China’s population is now rising more slowly as a result of this policy, it still has a very large total
population of 1.3 billion (in 2008) and China now faces new problems, including a falling birth rate – leading
to a rise in the relative number of elderly people and the consequences of a higher dependency ratio, and an
issue with sex-ratio imbalance.

What’s the Japanese current condition of population. what’s the Japanese

Q13: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
government policies how does it a ect the population?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Japan is located in East Asia, with the largest proportion of over 65s of any other country in the world
(23%) and this is expected to rise to 30% by the year 2030. This is causing difficulties as the number of
economically active people declines.
Japan has good healthcare provision leading to people living longer lives. Women have been focusing on
careers and getting married later, causing a lower birth rate. It is very expensive to bring up children in Japan
(e.g., school and university fees are high).
The government find it difficult to fund pensions for the elderly, because it takes up too much of their
budget, which could be used elsewhere. Healthcare provisions are becoming stressed due to the high
proportion of the population who are dependent on it. Additionally, there will soon not be enough workforce
to fill all of the jobs available.
The government is considering providing tax incentives to families and providing more childcare
facilities and they are promoting social and cultural change to make motherhood more attractive. They also
believe the labour shortage could be solved by migrant workers, and hereby there will be relaxing the,
famously difficult to attain, work visas. Japan is also investing heavily in robotics as another way to solve its
labour shortages.

What’s the current condition of the migration between USA and the Mexico?What’s the reason of it
Q14:
and how __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
does it a ect on Mexico,USA and the immigrants
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

There is a 2000 km border between the USA and Mexico and over 1 million Mexicans migrate to the USA
every year. The US Border Patrol guards the border and tries to stop illegal immigrants and as a result, 850,000
were caught and deported back to Mexico in 2006, demonstrating the pull of the USA in comparison to Mexico
for such migrants.
The push factors for Mexicans include generally low paid jobs (GNP is $3750) and a high unemployment

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 rate of 40%. Other factors include poor medical facilities, with 1800 patients per doctor. The adult literacy
rates are only 55%, indicating poor education prospects in the country and the average life expectancy is only
72 years.
To compare, the pull factors are excellent medical facilities with 400 patients per doctor in the USA.
Well paid jobs (GNP is $24,750). Adult literacy rates are 99%, indicating good education prospects. Life
expectancy is 76 years. Many jobs available for low paid workers such as Mexicans.
This migration has an effect on both parties. For the USA, illegal migration costs millions of dollars for
border patrols and prisons every year. Mexicans are seen as a drain on the USA economy, taking jobs from
locals. Businesses give migrant workers low wages, which is good for their bottom line, but which also affects
Americans as it keeps salaries low for the average worker. Tension around migration, especially illegal
migration issues or perceptions can cause problems in cities due to cultural and racial issues.
For Mexico it is not all positive either, as the Mexican countryside has a shortage of economically active
people. Young people tend to be the ones to migrate, leaving the old and very young creating issues associated
with rural depopulation. However, legal, and illegal immigrants together send approximately $6 billion a year
back to Mexico in remittance to support families, which contributes to the growth of the local economy.

What’sQ15:
the__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
reason of the high birth rate in Ugenda and what’s the result of it
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The birth rate in Uganda is very high as parents are having a large number of children. Parents need more
children to use as economic producers, to help with jobs, in most cases, this is in agriculture. The infant mortality
rate in Uganda is high (45.1 per 1000 live births in 2012) so parents have more to compensate. There is a lack
of, and a lack of education in the use of contraception, that helps protect against pregnancy. This results in many
children being born, with a small number of economically active population to support them.
A lot of money has to be spent on healthcare as there are more births, more vaccinations are needed, and
children are more often ill. As there are more kids, more of them also need to be educated, so there would be
more money spent on education.
In the long term the GDP will increase as there would be a larger workforce in the future and there are
currently no laws regarding child labour.

What natural factors caused the population sparesly contribution in Canada?

Q16: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The country is located in the most northern part of North America. It has a population of 37 million (2018)
compared to its land area of 9.985 million km2 resulting in a population density of 2.7 per km2, meaning it a
sparsely populated country.
There are many mountainous areas that are inhospitable, such as the Canadian Rockies, close to the west
coast. It has a harsh climate, with permafrost in the high latitudes, and as such it is too cold for large scale work
or agriculture there. Snow and ice make transport and land communications difficult, especially in less
developed areas, for example in the inner provinces of Canada. Areas with lower population density are less
economically active and they do not have access to the most recent technologies.
Thus, the majority of the Canadian population is clustered in the southern area along the US boarder due

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to the more favourable climatic and environmental conditions there, making cultivation and larger-scale
settlements more feasible than in the northern regions. Additionally, people also live in the Eastern areas since
the West has mountainous areas that are too steep to farm and are challenging for construction and transport.

Why__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Q17: Inner Mongolia has a low population density.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Inner Mongolia is an autonomous region in northern China with a land area of 1.2 million km2. Here are
some reasons why Inner Mongolia has a low population density:
Geographic conditions: Inner Mongolia is a vast region with a harsh and arid climate, with an average
annual rainfall of less than 200mm in some areas. The region is also home to the Gobi Desert, which covers a
large part of the southern region, including the grasslands in the north. These factors make it difficult for
agriculture and settlement, limiting the population density of the region.
Nomadic lifestyle: Historically, Inner Mongolia's population was primarily nomadic, with people moving
from place to place with their livestock. This lifestyle is not conducive to permanent settlement or a high
population density.
Economic development: Inner Mongolia is still developing economically, with industries such as mining,
energy, and agriculture being the primary sources of income. The lack of economic opportunities and limited
infrastructure in some areas may discourage people from settling and lead to a low population density.
Cultural diversity: Inner Mongolia is home to several ethnic groups, including Mongols, Han Chinese,
and Manchu. This diversity has led to some regional differences and preferences, which may have affected the
population distribution.
Environmental protection: Inner Mongolia is also home to several protected natural areas, including the
Gobi Desert and the Hulunbuir grasslands. These areas have been designated as national parks or nature
reserves to preserve the unique ecosystems and biodiversity. The protection of these areas may limit the
development and settlement, leading to a low population density.
In conclusion, Inner Mongolia has a low population density due to its harsh geographic conditions,
nomadic lifestyle, limited economic opportunities, cultural diversity, and environmental protection efforts.
However, while these factors may limit the population growth and development in the region, they also play a
significant role in preserving Inner Mongolia's unique environment and cultural heritage.

What problems does the aging population caused in Japan?

Q18: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

In 2020, the average life expectancy in Japan was 84 years, the highest in the world. As a result of this fact,
coupled with a low birth rate, Japan is facing significant challenges because of a rapidly aging population. The
percentage of people over the age of 65 in Japan has been increasing steeply, which has led to a range of social,
economic, and healthcare-related problems. Here are some specific examples and data:
Economic challenges: The aging population is leading to a decline in the workforce, which is affecting
the economy. In 2020, the percentage of the Japanese population over the age of 65 was 28.7%, and it is
expected to reach 38% by 2050. As the population ages, the number of workers overall is declining, leading to
a shortage of skilled workers and a decrease in economic growth. In 2020, the labour force participation rate

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in Japan was 60%, compared to 66% in the US and 73% in the UK.
Healthcare costs: This aging population is leading to an increase in healthcare costs. In 2018, healthcare
spending in Japan was 10.9% of GDP, compared to 8.9% in the US and 9.6% in the UK. The cost of
healthcare for older adults is increasing rapidly, leading to concerns about the sustainability of the healthcare
system.
Pension system: The aging population is putting a strain on the pension system. In Japan, the pension
system is funded by a pay-as-you-go system, where current workers pay for the benefits of current retirees. As
the population ages, there are fewer workers to support the pension system, which can lead to a decrease in
benefits or an increase in taxes. In 2020, the average monthly pension benefit for a Japanese retiree was
¥147,000 ($1,340).
Social isolation: The aging population is leading to social isolation among older adults. In 2020, the
suicide rate in Japan was 14.9 per 100,000 people, and the highest rate was among people over the age of 65.
Social isolation and loneliness are significant factors in the high suicide rate among older adults.
Decrease in birth rate: The aging population is leading to a decrease in the birth rate. In 2020, the birth
rate in Japan was 1.36, the lowest in the world. The decrease in the birth rate is leading to a smaller workforce
and a decrease in economic growth.
In conclusion, the aging population in Japan is leading to a range of social, economic, and healthcare-
related problems. These challenges are affecting the economy, healthcare system, pension system, social
isolation, and birth rate, and it is essential for the government and society to address these challenges to ensure
the sustainability of the population and the country's economy.