Rectangular Wave generator:
R2
VCC
R1
U1
1
3
VEE
4
R
Time Period
R2
1+
R1 + R2
T =2 RCln( )
R2
1−
R1 + R2
Suppose R1=R 2=R
( )
R
1+
T =2 RCln
1−
2R
R
=2 RCln
1+0.5
1−0.5 (
=2 RCln(3) )
2R
For 6500 Hz
1
T= =0.000154 s
6500
Let say C=10nF
T 0.000154
R= = =7008.8 ≈ 7 k
2 Cln(3) 2∗10 n∗ln (3)
For 2000 Hz
1
T= =0.000 5 s
20 00
Let say C=10nF
T 0.000 5
R= = =22755.98 ≈ 23000 k
2 Cln(3) 2∗10 n∗ln (3)
So, the components values are
R1=R 2=10 kΩ
R(Potentiometer)=25000 k
C=10 n F
Figure 1: OrCAD simulation
Figure 2: Time Waveform of Output (6500 Hz)
Figure 3: FFT Analysis of time waveform(6500Hz)
Triangular waveform generator
When a rectangular waveform is feeded to an integrator, it is converted into a triangular.
R2
VCC
R1
U1
1
VCC
3
6 U2
1
2 3
6
VEE R3
2
4
VEE Integrator
4
R C2
C
Rectangular Wave R4
Generator
For the better linearity of triangular wave, RC time constant of integrator must be equal to time
period of square wave.
τ for integrator=Time period of square wave
R3 C2 =T
Let say the frequency of the waveform is 2000 Hz and C2 =0.1uF
1/2000
R 3= =5000
0.1u
For the better linearity
R4 =10∗R3=50 kΩ
Amplitude of the triangular wave
If we integrate the negative half cycle of square waveform, we can calculate the peak to peak to
voltage of triangular wave.
T
2
−1
V tri( p− p)= ∫−V sat
R3 C 2 0
V sat T
V tri( p− p)=
2 R3C2
Since V sat and frequency is constant. For 2-volt peak
V tri ( p− p)=4
V sat =7
1
T= =0.5 ms
2000
C 2=0.1 uF(selecetd)
V sat T 7∗0.5 ms
R3= = =4375 Ω
2 V tri (p −p ) C 2 2∗4∗0.1uF
For 5-volt peak
V tri( p− p)=10
V sat T 7∗0.5 ms
R3= = =1750 Ω
2 V tri (p −p ) C 2 2∗10∗0.1uF
Figure 4: Schematics of triangular wave generator
Figure 5: Peak voltage 2 volt
Figure 6: Peak voltage 5 volt
