DEFLECTION @9M (STRINGER)
Design Parameters
F’c= 21 MPa
Fy= 228Mpa
b=300 mm
h= 500 mm
d’= 60 mm
d= 440 mm
𝑙n= 9 m
∅b= 20 mm ∅
∅s = 10 mm ∅
𝛿c= 24 kN/m
Ts= 100 mm
TRIBUTARY WIDTH TW=2.5M
Wd= 5.10 kPa
Wwall= 2.5 (3.2 - 0.50) = 6.75 kN/m
Wbeam= 24 (0.30) (0.40) = 2.88 kN/m
Wslab = 2.4 kPa
Wd= (5.10*2.5) + 6.75 + 2.88 = 22.38 kN/m
Wl= 2.4 * 2.5 = 6 kN/M
1
+Mu = 14 𝑥 38.01 𝑥 9.002 = 219.92 Kn-M
Mu < ∅Mn
𝑎 𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦
Mu = Asfy (d- 𝑠 ) = ∅Asfy (d-2 𝑥 0.85 𝑥 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑥 𝑏)
𝐴𝑠 𝑥 228
219.92 x106 = 0.9 x As x 228 (440 - 2 𝑥 0.85 𝑥 21 𝑥 300 )
As = 2820.71 mm2
𝐴𝑠 2820.71
N = 𝜋 (20)2 = N = 𝜋
(20)2
= 8.97 ≈ 10 pcs --- Bottom Bars @Midspan
4 4
10
Ntop = = 5 pcs Top bar Mid span
2
Es= 200 000 MPa
Ec= 4700√f′c = 4700 * √21 = 21538.11 MPa
𝐸𝑠 200000
N= 𝐸𝑐 = 21538.11 = 9.23 say 10 PCS
1 1
Ig = 𝑏ℎ2 = x 300 x 5003 = 3.125 x 109 mm4
12 12
Fr= 0.62λ √𝑓𝑐′ = 0.62 x 1 x √21 = 2.84 Mpa → MODULUS OF RUPTURE
𝑓𝑟𝐼𝑔 2.84 𝑥 3.125 𝑥 109
Mcr= = 500 x 10-6 = 35.51 kN-m
𝑌𝑡
2
𝜋
nAs = 10 x 4 x 4 x 202 = 4000π mm2
𝜋
(2n-1) A’s = (2 x 10-1) x 2 x 4 x 202 = 3800π mm2
CONSIDER COMPRESSION BAR
COMPRESSIVE BLOCK (SUMMATION OF MOMENT ABOUT THE NEUTRAL AXIS=0) | 𝜮MNA= 0)
1 1
𝑏𝑐2 = nAs(d-c) = 2 𝑥 300 𝑥 𝑐 2 = 4000π (440-c) ---- c = 154.62 mm
2
CRACK MOMENT INERTIA
1 1
Icr = 3 𝑏𝑐 3 + nAs(d-c)2 = 3 𝑥 300 𝑥154.623 + 4000π (440-154.62)2 = 1.39 x 109 mm4
Wd= 22.38 kN/m
Wd+l= 22.38 + 6 = 28.38 kN/m
Wl= 7.2 kN/m
1
MD+ = 14 x 22.38 x 9.002 = 129.50 kN-m
1
MD+ = x 28.38x 9.002= 164.20 kN-m
14
1
MD+ = 14 x 6 x 9.002= 34.75 kN-m
1
MD- = 10 𝑥 22.38 x 9.002= 181.30 kN-m
1
MD- =10 x 28.38 x 9.002= 230.00 kN-m
1
MD- =10 x 6 x 9.002= 48.6kN-m
***NOTE THAT LIVE LOAD MOMENTS ARE LESS THAN CRACKING MOMENT ∴IE=IG
Wsustained = d + 0.3l = 22.38 + 0.3 x 6 = 24.18 kN/m
Wsustained = 24.18 kN/m
1
MD+ = 14 x 24.18 x 9.002= 140.00 kN-m
1
MD- =10 x 24.18 x 9.002= 196.87 kN-m
CONSIDER COMPRESSION BAR
Wu= 1.2(22.38) + 1.6 (6) = 36.46 kN/m
1
-Mu= 14 x 36.46 x 9.002= 210.95 kN-m
Mu≤∅Mn
𝑎 𝐴𝑠𝑓𝑦
Mu = ∅Asfy(d-2 ) = ∅Asfy(d-2 𝑥 0.85 𝑥 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑥 𝑏 )
𝐴𝑠 𝑥 228
210.95 x 106= 0.9xAs x 228 x (440-2 𝑥 0.85 𝑥 21 𝑥 300 ) =
As = 2685.30 mm2
𝐴𝑠 2685.30
N= 𝜋 = 𝜋 = 8.54 ≈ 10 pcs – Top Bar MidSpan
𝑥 ∅2 𝑥 202
4 4
10
N= = 5pcs – Bottom Bar MidSpan
2
𝜋
nAs = 10 x 5 x 4 x 202 = 5000𝜋 mm2
𝜋
(2n-1) A’s = (2 x 10-1) x 3 x 4 x 202 = 5700π mm2
CONSIDER COMPRESSION BAR
COMPRESSIVE BLOCK (SUMMATION OF MOMENT ABOUT THE NEUTRAL AXIS=0) | 𝜮MNA= 0)
1 1
𝑏𝑐2 = nAs(d-c) = 2 𝑥 300 𝑥 𝑐 2 = 5000π (440-c) ---- c = 168.59 mm
2
CRACK MOMENT INERTIA
1 1
Icr = 3 𝑏𝑐 3 + nAs(d-c)2 = 3 𝑥 300 𝑥168.59 + 5000π (440-168.59)2 = 1.57 x 109 mm4
DEAD LOAD
FOR MEMBERS CONTINUOUS ON ONE END
SERVICEABILITY (STRINGER)
FOR MEMBERS CONTINUOUS ON ONE END
CONSIDER COMPRESSION BAR
𝑀𝑐𝑟 𝑀𝑐𝑟 2
Ie = ( 𝑀𝑎 )2 Ig + (1 - ) Icr > Ig
𝑀𝑎
DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOAD
35.51 35.51
Ie(m) = (65.91 ) 3 x 3.125 x 109 + (1 – (65.91) ) x 1.48 x 109 = 1.73 x 109 mm4
35.51 35.51
Ie2(m) = (92.28 ) 3 x 3.125 x 109 + (1 – (92.28) ) x 1.48 x 109 = 1.57 x 109 mm4
FOR MEMBERS CONTINUOUS ON ONE END
Ie= 0.85Ie(m) + 0.15Ie(2)
Ie= 0.85 x 1.73 x 109 + 0.15 x 1.57 x 109 = 1.71 x 109 mm4 < Ig
LIVE LOAD
35.51 35.51
Ie(m) = (14.175 ) 3 x 3.125 x 109 + (1 – (14.175) ) x 1.48 x 109 = 2.73 x 109 mm4
35.51 35.51
Ie2(m) = (19.85 ) 3 x 3.125 x 109 + (1 – (19.85) ) x 1.48 x 109 = 1.09 x 109 mm4
FOR MEMBERS CONTINUOUS ON ONE END
Ie= 0.85Ie(m) + 0.15Ie(2)
Ie= 0.85 * 2.73 x 109 + 0.15 * 1.09 x 109 = 2.49 x 1010 mm4 > Ig
Ie= Ig
SUSTAINED LOADS (DEAD LOAD + 0.3LIVE LOAD)
35.51 35.51
Ie(m) = ( ) 3 x 3.125 x 109 + (1 – ( ) ) x 1.48 x 109 = 1.90 x 109 mm4
56 56
35.51 35.51
Ie2(m) = (78.39 ) 3 x 3.125 x 109 + (1 – (78.39) ) x 1.48 x 109 = 1.63 x 109 mm4
FOR MEMBERS CONTINUOUS ON ONE END
Ie= 0.85Ie(m) + 0.15Ie(2)
Ie= 0.85 * 1.90 x 109 + 0.15 * 1.63 x 109 = 1.86 x 109 mm4 < Ig
IMMEDIATE DEFLECTION
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION | THEORY OF STRUCURES APPLICATIONS
DEAD LOAD 𝐼 8250
∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e = 240 = 240 = 34.375 𝑚𝑚
𝑤𝑙4 36.46(8250)4
∆DL = = 185𝑥21538.11𝑥1.96𝑥109 = 22.31mm REMARKS = OK! GOOD!
185𝐸𝐼𝑒
DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOAD 𝐼 8250
∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e = 240 = 240 = 34.375 𝑚𝑚
𝑤𝑙4 42.46(8250)4
∆DL+LL = = 185𝑥21538.11𝑥1.71𝑥109 = 25.98mm REMARKS = OK! GOOD!
185𝐸𝐼𝑒
LIVE LOAD 𝐼 8250
∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e = 360 = 360 = 22.92 𝑚𝑚
∆LL = 𝛥𝐷𝐿+𝐿𝐿- 𝛥𝐷𝐿 =25.98 –22.31 = 3.67mm
REMARKS = OK! GOOD!
SUSTAINED LOAD (DL +0.3LL) 𝐼 8250
∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e = 240 = 240 = 34.375 𝑚𝑚
𝑤𝑙4 24.18(8250)4
∆𝑆𝑈𝑆𝑇𝐴𝐼𝑁𝐸D = = 185𝑥21538.11𝑥1.86𝑥109 = 15.1mm REMARKS = OK! GOOD!
185𝐸𝐼𝑒
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION | 1983 Code Commentary Section [Link]
1
𝑀𝑜
(𝑀𝑎) = 8
1 = 1.75
14
𝑀𝑜
K = 1.2 – 0.2 (𝑀𝑎) = 1.2 – 0.2 x 1.75 = 0.85
DEAD LOAD 𝐼 8250
∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e = 240 = 240 = 34.375 𝑚𝑚
5𝐾𝑀𝑎𝑙2 5 𝑥 0.85 𝑥 51.74 𝑥 106 𝑥 82502
∆DL = = = 7.39 mm REMARKS = OK! GOOD!
48𝐸𝐼𝑒 48 𝑥 21538.11 𝑥 1.96 𝑥 109
DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOAD 𝐼 8250
∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e = 240 = 240 = 34.375 𝑚𝑚
5𝐾𝑀𝑎𝑙2 5 𝑥 0.85 𝑥 65.91 𝑥 106 𝑥 82502
∆DL+LL = = = 10.78 mm REMARKS = OK! GOOD!
48𝐸𝐼𝑒 48 𝑥 21538.11 𝑥 1.71 𝑥 109
LIVE LOAD 𝐼 8250
∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e = 360 = 360 = 22.92 𝑚𝑚
∆LL = ∆DL+LL - ∆DL = 10.78 – 7.39 = 3.39 mm
REMARKS = OK! GOOD!
SUSTAINED LOAD (DL + 0.3LL) 𝐼 8250
∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e = 240 = 240 = 34.375 𝑚𝑚
5𝐾𝑀𝑎𝑙2 5 𝑥 0.85 𝑥 56 𝑥 106 𝑥 82502
∆𝑆𝑈𝑆𝑇𝐴𝐼𝑁𝐸D = = = 8.42 mm REMARKS = OK! GOOD!
48𝐸𝐼𝑒 48 𝑥 21538.11 𝑥 1.86 𝑥 109
LONG TERM DEFLECTION | DUE TO CREEP AND SHRINKAGE
𝜋
𝐴𝑆′ 6𝑥 𝑥 202
P’ = = 4
= 0.01428
𝑏𝑑 300 𝑥 440
∆I −𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 8.42 mm
𝜀
∆CS = λ∆∆I = 1+50 𝑝′ ∆I
SUSTAINED DEFLECTION @60 MONTHS | 5 YEARS 𝐼 8250
∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e = 240 = 240 = 34.375 𝑚𝑚
𝜀=2
𝜀 2 REMARKS = OK! GOOD!
∆CS = λ∆∆I = ∆
′ I=
x 8.42 = 9.82 mm
1+50 𝑝 1+50 𝑥 0.01428
SUSTAINED DEFLECTION @12 MONTHS | 1 YEARS 𝐼 8250
∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e = 240 = 240 = 34.375 𝑚𝑚
𝜀 = 1.4
𝜀 1.4 REMARKS = OK! GOOD!
∆CS = λ∆∆I = 1+50 𝑝′ ∆I = 1+50 𝑥 0.01428 x 8.42 = 6.87 mm
SUSTAINED DEFLECTION @6 MONTHS | 0.5 YEARS 𝐼 8250
∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e = 240 = 240 = 34.375 𝑚𝑚
𝜀 = 1.2
𝜀 1.2 REMARKS = OK! GOOD!
∆CS = λ∆∆I = 1+50 𝑝′ ∆I = 1+50 𝑥 0.01428 x 8.42 = 5.89 mm
SUSTAINED DEFLECTION @6 MONTHS | 0.5 YEARS 𝐼
∆𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙e =
8250
= = 34.375 𝑚𝑚
240 240
𝜀=1
𝜀 1 REMARKS = OK! GOOD!
∆CS = λ∆∆I = 1+50 𝑝′ ∆I = 1+50 𝑥 0.01428 x 8.42 = 4.92 mm
