CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following is ionic?
(a) HCl (b) CHCl3
(c) IF5 (d) KI
2. When molecule is formed by chemical bonding between atoms then –
(a) Nucleus of combining atoms participate in bonding
(b) Valence electrons and inner cell electrons participate in bonding
(c) Only valence electrons of combining atoms participate in bonding
(d) Only inner cell electrons of combining atoms participate in bonding
3. Which is not responsible for the formation of ionic bond?
(a) Crystal lattice energy (b) Density
(c) Ionization enthalpy (d) Electron gain enthalpy
4. The species having bond order different from that of CO is -
(a) NO− (b) NO+
(c) CN− (d) N2
5. Who proposed valence-bond theory?
(a) Moseley (b) Heitler and London
(c) Linus Pauling (d) Mulliken and Hund
6. In HC≡C-CH=CH2 molecule C3 - C2 single bond carbons have which type of
hybridisation ?
(a) sp2 - sp3 (b) sp - sp2
3
(c) sp - sp (d) sp3 - sp3
7. Which of the following pair of species is isoelectronic and same structure?
(a) NO3− , SO32− (b) SO32−, CO32−
2− −
(c) CO3 , ClO3 (d) NO3−, CO32−
8. Which of the following sentence is incorrect for covalent bond?
(a) Strength of covalent bond depends upon overlapping at atomic orbitals
(b) Covalent bond is not directional
(c) There is sharing of electrons between atoms bonded by covalent bond
(d) Covalent bond is between atoms having less difference in their electronegetivity
9. Which of the following compound possesses covalent bond?
(a) MgCl2 (b) NaH
(c) BF3 (d) CsCl
10. Which of the following molecule possesses both polar and nonpolar covalent bond?
(a) NH4Cl (b) CCl4
(c) H2O2 (d) HCN
11. Which of the following compound does not possesses coordinate covalent bond?
(a) CO (b) CO2
(c) HNO2 (d) HNO3
12. Which of the following characteristic is NOT for covalent compound?
(a) They have no definite geometry
(b) They may be polar or nonpolar
(c) Their boiling and melting points are low
(d) Generally, they are insoluble in water
13. Which of the following possesses ionic and covalent bond?
(a) CO2 (b) H2SO4
(c) NH4Cl (d) NaI
14. What is geometrical structure of ClF3 molecule?
(a) Trigonal bipyramidal (b) Bent shape
(c) See-saw (d) T-shape
15. Which of the following molecule possesses linear structure?
(a) SO2 (b) CO2
(c) H2O (d) C2H4
16. Correct structure of SF4 is:
(a) Trigonal bipyramidal (b) Bent shape
(c) T-shape (d) See-saw
17. Numbers of possible resonating structure of carbonate ion is:
(a) 9 (b) 6
(c) 3 (d) 2
18. Which of the following molecule has net zero dipole moment?
(a) NF3 (b) BF3
(c) NH3 (d) H2O
19. Which of the following molecule possesses highest dipole moment?
(a) CCl4 (b) CHCl3
(c) CH2Cl2 (d) CH3Cl
20. Which of the following molecule possesses dipole moment?
(a) CO2 (b) BF3
(c) NH3 (d) BeCl2
21. Which of the following molecules has lowest bond angle?
(a) NH3 (b) SO2
(c) H2O (d) H2S
22. Which orbital has highest energy?
(a) σ(2px) (b) π*(2py)
(c) σ(2s) (d) σ*(1s)
23. Which is the Paramagnetic species?
(a) CN− (b) O2−
(c) NO− (d) CO
24. Which of the following statement is incorrect when N2 and O2 are converted into N2+ and
O2+ respectively:
(a) In O2+, O−O bond order increases
(b) In N2+, N−N bond becomes weaker
(c) N2+ becomes paramagnetic
(d) Increasing diamagnetism in O2+
25. According to VSEPR theory, geometry of which block elements can be explained
mostly?
(a) s (b) p
(c) d (d) f
26. Which of the following resonating form is NOT correct for CO2?
●● + + ●● +
●● ●● ●
●
●O C O●●
●
●O C O●● ●O C O●● ●
●O C O ●
●
(a) (b) ●● (c) ●● (d) ●● ●●
27. The strength of bonds by 2s – 2s, 2p – 2p and 2p – 2s overlap has the order
(a) s – s > p – p > p – s (b) s – s > p – s > p – p
(c) p – p > p – s > s – s (d) p – p > s – s > p – s
28. The number of sp2-s sigma bonds in benzene are
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 12 (d) none
29. The electronic configurations of four elements
L: 1s22s22p4 ; Q: 1s22s22p63s23p5 ; P: 1s22s22p63s1 R: 1s22s22p63s2
The formulae of ionic compounds that could be formed between them are
(a) L2P, RL, PQ, R2Q (b) LP, RL, PQ, RQ (c) P2L, RL, PQ, RQ2 (d) LP, R2L, P2Q, RQ
30. H – O – H bond angle in water is
(a) 104.50 (b) 109.50 (c) 105.50 (d) 108.50
ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS
In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason
(R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
1. Assertion (A): Ionic compounds are usually non-volatile.
Reason (R): The intermolecular forces in ionic molecules are weak.
2. Assertion (A): Na2SO4 is soluble in water, but BaSO4 is not.
Reason (R): The lattice enthalpy of BaSO4 is greater than its hydration enthalpy.
3. Assertion (A): Boron always forms covalent bonds.
Reason (R): The small size of B3+ is appropriate for covalent bonding.
4. Assertion (A): The dipole moment of fluoromethane (CH3F, µ = 1.85 D) is less than that
of chloromethane (CH3Cl, µ = 1.87 D).
Reason (R): The negative electron gain enthalpy of fluorine is less than that of chlorine.
5. Assertion (A): HF2− exists in the solid or liquid state, but not in the aqueous state.
Reason (R): The intermolecular hydrogen bonding between HF molecules is weaker than
the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between HF and H2O molecules.
6. Assertion (A): Bond energy has order like C – C < C = C < C ≡ C
Reason (R): Bond energy increases with increase in bond order.
7. Assertion (A): π-bonds are weaker than σ-bonds.
Reason (R): π-bonds are formed by the weak lateral overlapping of p – p orbitals.
8. Assertion (A): All P – Cl bond lengths are equal in PCl3 but different in PCl5.
Reason (R): Hybrid state of central atom is different in both PCl3 and PCl5.
9. Assertion (A): CO32− ion is relatively more stable than H2CO3.
Reason (R): The negative charge of carbonate ion delocalised on all the three oxygen
atoms.
10. Assertion (A) : The bond angle of PBr3 is greater than PH3 but the bond angle of NBr3 is
less than NH3.
Reason (R) : Electronegativity of phosphorus atom is less than that of nitrogen.
LEWIS DOT STRUCTURE AND FORMAL CHARGE
1. Draw the Lewis structure for CO32−, NO2− and SO42−.
2. Find out the number of lone pairs present in (a) H2SO4, (b) BCl3 (c) PCl3
3. Give two examples for each:
(a) Molecule with expansion of octet
(b) Molecule with octet deficit central atom
4. Calculate the formal charge on −
(a) Chlorine in HClO4. (b) Phosphorus in H3PO4
5. Calculate the formal charge on N atoms in Azide ion (N3−)
6. Calculate the formal charge on O atoms in ozone (O3)
VSEPR THEORY
7. Discuss the shapes of the following molecules using VSEPR model
(a) BeF2 (b) SiF4 (c) H3O+ (d) BF4− (e) XeF6
(f) SOCl2 (g) XeO2F2 (h) IF7 (i) NH4+ (j) ClF3
8. Arrange the following in order of decreasing bond angle around N atom: NO2, NO2+ and
NO2−.
9. The bond angles in NH4+ and CH4 are same, but NH3 has different bond angle. Why?
10. Account for the following :-
(a) Bond angle in NH3 is larger than bond angle in H2O.
(b) Bond angle in PH3 is smaller than bond angle in NH3.
(c) BF4− has larger bond angle than BF3.
(d) XeF6 has distorted octahedral structure.
VBT and HYBRIDISATION
11. How do the bond length of C−H bond differ in C2H6, C2H4 and C2H2?
12. Distinguish between a sigma and a pi bond.
13. Among C2H6, C2H4 and C2H2, which one is most acidic in nature and why?
14. Describe the hybridization in case of PCl5. Why are the axial bonds longer as compared to
equatorial bonds?
15. BCl3 is planar but anhydrous AlCl3 is tetrahedral – Explain.
16. Which hybrid orbitals are used by the carbon atoms in the following molecules?
(a) H3C–CH3 (b) H3C–CH=CH2 (c) CH3– CH2–OH (d) CH3–CH=O
17. Why is NF3 pyramidal but BF3 is triangular planar?
18. Predict the molecular structures of XeF2, XeF4, POCl3, BrF5. Also mention the
hybridization of the central atom for each of the structures.
19. What angles are associated with the following hybrid orbitals? sp, sp2, sp3
DIPOLE MOMENT
20. Although both CO2 and H2O are triatomic molecules, the shape of H2O molecule is bent
while that of CO2 is linear. Explain it on the basis of dipole moment.
21. Which out of NH3 and NF3 has higher dipole moment and why?
22. Account for the following: cyclohexyl chloride has higher dipole moment than
chlorobenzene.
23. The bond length of H−Cl is 120 pm. If observed dipole moment of HCl is 1.06 D, find
out the percentage ionic character of HCl.
MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY
24. Use M.O. theory to explain why Be2 molecule does not exist.
25. Compare the relative stability of the following species and indicate their magnetic
properties: O2, O2+, O2−,O22−
26. Arrange N2+, N2 and N2− according to their decreasing order of bond length.
27. Account for the following: B2 is weakly attracted by magnet but C2 does not.
28. Find out HOMO and LUMO of H2 and O2.
29. Draw the molecular orbital energy level diagram for N2.
HYDROGEN BONDING
30. Why H2O is liquid whereas H2S is gas at room temperature.
31. KHF2 is known but KHCl2 is not known. Explain.
32. o-nitrophenol is steam volatile while p nitrophenol is not. Give reason.
33. Ice floats on water. Explain in the light of hydrogen bonding.
34. Salicylic acid is more stable than p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Justify.
RESONANCE
35. Draw the resonating structures for SO32− and NO3−.
36. All the chlorine–oxygen bond distance in ClO4− are 144 pm. What explanation can be
given for this?
37. Ozone contains two O−O bonds with equal length. Draw resonating structures to justify
the statement.
FAJAN’S RULE
38. Which compound is more covalent AgCl or AgI?
39. PbCl4 can exist but PbI4 can’t. Justify.
40. Between KBr and CuBr, which one is more soluble in water and why?
41. Account for the following:
Compound NaCl MgCl2 AlCl3
Boiling point 800oC 714oC 160oC
