Python
Programming
COMP 8347
Usama Mir
[email protected]
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Topics:
If statements
Loops
Python Exception handling
Basics
Functions
File Input/Output
Modules
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Control Flow
Conditional branching
if statements
Looping
while
for … in
Exception handling
Function or method call
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if Statements
suite: a block of code, i.e. a
sequence of one or more
statements
Syntax:
if bool_expression1:
suite1 • No parenthesis or braces
elif bool_expression2: • : Use indentation for block
structure
suite2 if a < 10:
… print(“few”)
elif bool_expressionN: elif a < 25:
print(“some”)
suiteN
else:
else: print(“many”)
else_suite
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Clear starting condition
Loops = Clear finishing condition
What is it?
Some statement that leads the loops
from its start to the end
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Loops: Python vs. Java
Python:
while loops
for loops …. for i in range (5)
Java:
while loops
do .. while
for loops (int i = 0…..)
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while Statements
Used to execute a suite 0 or more times
number of times depends on while loop’s Boolean expression.
Syntax:
while bool_expression:
suite
Example:
x, sum = 0,0
while x < 10:
sum += x
x += 2
print(sum, x) #What is final value of sum and x
Answer: sum=20, x=10
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for … in Statements
Syntax:
for variable in iterable:
suite
Example: fruits = [‘apple’, ‘pear’, ‘plum’, ‘peach’]
for item in fruits:
print(item)
Alternatively
for i in range(len(fruits)):
print(fruits[i])
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for … in Statements - Enumerate
Output
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Break and Continue
Iter# num num>20? Num%2==0? print(num)
0 11 n n 11
1 8 n y
2 3 n n 3
3 25 y
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Exception Handling
Functions or methods indicate errors or other
important events by raising exceptions.
Syntax (simplified):
try:
try_suite
except exception1 as variable1:
exception_suite1
…
except exceptionN as variableN
finally:
# cleanup
variable part is optional
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Exception Handling – Example 1
Example:
s = input('Enter number: ')
try:
n = float(s)
print(n, ' is valid. ')
except ValueError as err:
print(err)
• If user enters ‘8.6’ output is: 8.6 is valid
• If user enters ‘abc’, output is:
ValueError: could not convert string to float:
‘abc'
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Exception Handling – Example 1 – Scenario
Part 1
Create a list with the following values 5, 10, 30, 40, 9.9
Run a for loop till the size of the list
Take a variable item and store each index of the list as a power of two.
E.g., 1st value in item is 0, then 1, then 4, then 9, and so on
Print the index and the item. This program will give error for the index
values which are out of the above list’s range
Part 2
For the above program, use try and except statements to print the index
error when the index is out of bound/range. Your output should look like
this:
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Exception Handling – Example 2 – Part 1
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Exception Handling – Example 2 – Part 2
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Functions
Function definition:
A block of reusable
code that is used
to perform a
single action
Ex. A code without
a function →
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Functions – Example 1
Same code implemented with a function
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Functions – Example 2
# function with two arguments
def add_numbers(num1, num2):
sum = num1 + num2
print("Sum: ",sum)
# function call with two values
add_numbers(5, 4)
# Output: Sum: 9
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Functions – Example 3 – With Variable Arguments
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Functions – Class Exercise
Write a function named max that accepts two
integer values as arguments and returns the value
that is the greater of the two. For example, if 7 and
12 are passed as arguments to the function, the
function should return 12. Use the function in a
program that prompts the user to enter two integer
values. The program should display the value that
is the greater of the two.
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Functions – Class Exercise – Sample Solution
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File Input/Output
Open a file
f = open(filename, mode)
mode is optional; possible values:
‘w’ = write
‘r’ = read (default)
‘a’ = append
‘rb’(‘wb’) = read (write) in binary
Example:
f = open(“text.txt”)
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File Methods
Read data from a file
print(f.read())
Writing data on a file
f = open(“test.txt”, ‘w’)
f.write(“Hello Python”)
f.read(n): reads at most n bytes from f
f.readline(): reads only one line
f.readlines(): reads all the lines to the end of file
and return them as a list
f.close(): closes a file and free up the resources
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Use strip() Function
Python’s strip( ) function is used to remove unwanted
characters from a string.
Ex.
str5 = ‘++++++Python Tutorial****** $$$$$’
print (“\n Given string is = “, str5)
str6 = str5. strip ( ‘ $*+’ )
print (” Stripping the ‘+’, ‘*’ and ‘$’ symbols on both sides of the string is = “, str6)
Output:
Given string is = ++++++Python Tutorial****** $$$$$
Stripping the ‘+’, ‘*’ and ‘$’ symbols on both sides of the string is = Python Tutorial
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Modules
Modules: Contain additional functions and custom data
types.
Ex. import calendar
Other examples:
import os
import math
import datetime
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Module Example – Calendar
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References
Slides from Dr. Arunita and Dr. Saja
https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/pyth
on/input-output-python-files/
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/difference
-between-for-loop-and-while-loop-in-
python
Programming in Python 3 A complete
introduction to the python language (2nd
Ed) by Mark Summerfield. Addison Wesley
2010.
https://www.w3schools.com/python/
https://www.tutorialsteacher.com/python/
error-types-in-python
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-
functions/
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-
calendar-module/ 27
