■ Java Built-in Methods Handbook
Chapter 1: java.lang Package
1. Object Class Methods
Method Description Example
class Car {String brand="BMW"; public String toString(){return brand;
toString() Returns string representation of object. Car c=new Car(); System.out.println(c.toString());
String s1="Java"; String s2="Java";
equals(Object obj) Compares two objects for equality. System.out.println(s1.equals(s2)); // true
String s="Java";
hashCode() Returns integer hash code value for object. System.out.println(s.hashCode());
String s="Java";
getClass() Returns runtime class of object. System.out.println(s.getClass());
class A implements Cloneable {int x=10;}
clone() Creates and returns copy of object. A a=new A(); A b=(A)a.clone();
finalize() Called before object is destroyed by GC. protected void finalize(){System.out.println("Object destroyed");}
2. String Class Methods
Method Description Example
length() Returns string length. String s="Hello"; System.out.println(s.length()); //5
charAt() Returns char at index. String s="Java"; System.out.println(s.charAt(1)); //a
substring() Returns part of string. String s="Programming"; System.out.println(s.substring(0,4)); //Prog
equals() Checks string equality. String s1="Java", s2="Java"; System.out.println(s1.equals(s2)); //true
equalsIgnoreCase() Ignores case while comparing. String s1="java", s2="JAVA"; System.out.println(s1.equalsIgnoreCas
compareTo() Compares two strings lexicographically. System.out.println("abc".compareTo("abd")); // -1
toUpperCase() Converts to upper case. System.out.println("java".toUpperCase()); //JAVA
toLowerCase() Converts to lower case. System.out.println("JAVA".toLowerCase()); //java
trim() Removes leading/trailing spaces. System.out.println(" hi ".trim()); //hi
replace() Replaces characters. System.out.println("Java".replace('a','o')); //Jovo
split() Splits string into array. String[] arr="a,b,c".split(",");
contains() Checks substring present. System.out.println("Hello Java".contains("Java")); //true
startsWith() Checks prefix. System.out.println("Java".startsWith("Ja")); //true
endsWith() Checks suffix. System.out.println("Java".endsWith("va")); //true
isEmpty() Checks empty string. System.out.println("".isEmpty()); //true
3. Math Class Methods
Method Description Example
abs() Returns absolute value. System.out.println(Math.abs(-10)); //10
max() Returns max of 2 numbers. System.out.println(Math.max(5,9)); //9
min() Returns min of 2 numbers. System.out.println(Math.min(5,9)); //5
sqrt() Square root. System.out.println(Math.sqrt(16)); //4.0
pow() Power calculation. System.out.println(Math.pow(2,3)); //8.0
random() Returns random [0,1). System.out.println(Math.random());
round() Rounds to nearest int. System.out.println(Math.round(2.6)); //3
ceil() Ceil value. System.out.println(Math.ceil(2.3)); //3.0
floor() Floor value. System.out.println(Math.floor(2.9)); //2.0
4. Wrapper Classes Methods
Method Description Example
parseInt() Converts String to int. int n=Integer.parseInt("100");
parseDouble() Converts String to double. double d=Double.parseDouble("10.5");
valueOf() Returns wrapper object. Integer n=Integer.valueOf("50");
toString() Converts to String. Integer n=100; System.out.println(n.toString());
compareTo() Compares two values. Integer n1=5,n2=10; System.out.println(n1.compareTo(n2)); //-1
isDigit() Checks if char is digit. System.out.println(Character.isDigit('5')); //true
isLetter() Checks if char is letter. System.out.println(Character.isLetter('a')); //true
isWhitespace() Checks if whitespace. System.out.println(Character.isWhitespace(' ')); //true
