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Session 14 Numpy Advanced - Ipynb Colab

The document compares the performance of NumPy arrays and Python lists, demonstrating that NumPy is significantly faster and more memory-efficient. It also covers advanced indexing techniques, including normal, fancy, and boolean indexing, as well as broadcasting rules for arithmetic operations on arrays of different shapes. Additionally, it provides examples of mathematical functions like sigmoid and mean squared error calculations using NumPy.

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27 views11 pages

Session 14 Numpy Advanced - Ipynb Colab

The document compares the performance of NumPy arrays and Python lists, demonstrating that NumPy is significantly faster and more memory-efficient. It also covers advanced indexing techniques, including normal, fancy, and boolean indexing, as well as broadcasting rules for arithmetic operations on arrays of different shapes. Additionally, it provides examples of mathematical functions like sigmoid and mean squared error calculations using NumPy.

Uploaded by

desi.henry01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8/16/25, 12:25 AM session-14-numpy-advanced.

ipynb - Colab

keyboard_arrow_down Numpy array vs Python lists

# speed
# list
a = [i for i in range(10000000)]
b = [i for i in range(10000000,20000000)]

c = []
import time

start = time.time()
for i in range(len(a)):
c.append(a[i] + b[i])
print(time.time()-start)

3.2699835300445557

# numpy
import numpy as np
a = np.arange(10000000)
b = np.arange(10000000,20000000)

start = time.time()
c = a + b
print(time.time()-start)

0.06481003761291504

3.26/0.06

54.33333333333333

# memory
a = [i for i in range(10000000)]
import sys

sys.getsizeof(a)

81528048

a = np.arange(10000000,dtype=np.int8)
sys.getsizeof(a)
New

10000104

# convenience

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8/16/25, 12:25 AM session-14-numpy-advanced.ipynb - Colab

keyboard_arrow_down Advanced Indexing

# Normal Indexing and slicing

a = np.arange(24).reshape(6,4)
a

array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3],
[ 4, 5, 6, 7],
[ 8, 9, 10, 11],
[12, 13, 14, 15],
[16, 17, 18, 19],
[20, 21, 22, 23]])

a[1,2]

a[1:3,1:3]

array([[4, 5],
[7, 8]])

# Fancy Indexing

a[:,[0,2,3]]

array([[ 0, 2, 3],
[ 4, 6, 7],
[ 8, 10, 11],
[12, 14, 15],
[16, 18, 19],
[20, 22, 23]])

Start coding or generate with AI.

# Boolean Indexing
a = np.random.randint(1,100,24).reshape(6,4)
a

array([[76, 98, 99, 39],


[91, 46, 88, 23],
[45, 6, 83, 1],
[37, 43, 78, 85], New
[54, 73, 61, 53],
[40, 93, 85, 77]])

# find all numbers greater than 50


a[a > 50]

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8/16/25, 12:25 AM session-14-numpy-advanced.ipynb - Colab

array([76, 98, 99, 91, 88, 83, 78, 85, 54, 73, 61, 53, 93, 85, 77])

# find out even numbers


a[a % 2 == 0]

array([76, 98, 46, 88, 6, 78, 54, 40])

# find all numbers greater than 50 and are even

a[(a > 50) & (a % 2 == 0)]

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-97-0e69559201d8> in <module>
1 # find all numbers greater than 50 and are even
2
----> 3 a[(a > 50) and (a % 2 == 0)]

ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use
a.any() or a.all()

# find all numbers not divisible by 7


a[~(a % 7 == 0)]

array([76, 99, 39, 46, 88, 23, 45, 6, 83, 1, 37, 43, 78, 85, 54, 73, 61,
53, 40, 93, 85])

keyboard_arrow_down Broadcasting

The term broadcasting describes how NumPy treats arrays with different shapes during
arithmetic operations.

The smaller array is “broadcast” across the larger array so that they have compatible shapes.

# same shape
a = np.arange(6).reshape(2,3)
b = np.arange(6,12).reshape(2,3)

print(a)
print(b)

print(a+b)

[[0 1 2] New
[3 4 5]]
[[ 6 7 8]
[ 9 10 11]]
[[ 6 8 10]
[12 14 16]]

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8/16/25, 12:25 AM session-14-numpy-advanced.ipynb - Colab

# diff shape
a = np.arange(6).reshape(2,3)
b = np.arange(3).reshape(1,3)

print(a)
print(b)

print(a+b)

[[0 1 2]
[3 4 5]]
[[0 1 2]]
[[0 2 4]
[3 5 7]]

keyboard_arrow_down Broadcasting Rules

1. Make the two arrays have the same number of dimensions.

If the numbers of dimensions of the two arrays are different, add new dimensions with
size 1 to the head of the array with the smaller dimension.

2. Make each dimension of the two arrays the same size.

If the sizes of each dimension of the two arrays do not match, dimensions with size 1 are
stretched to the size of the other array.
If there is a dimension whose size is not 1 in either of the two arrays, it cannot be
broadcasted, and an error is raised.

New

# More examples

a = np.arange(12).reshape(4,3)

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8/16/25, 12:25 AM session-14-numpy-advanced.ipynb - Colab

b = np.arange(3)

print(a)
print(b)

print(a+b)

[[ 0 1 2]
[ 3 4 5]
[ 6 7 8]
[ 9 10 11]]
[0 1 2]
[[ 0 2 4]
[ 3 5 7]
[ 6 8 10]
[ 9 11 13]]

a = np.arange(12).reshape(3,4)
b = np.arange(3)

print(a)
print(b)

print(a+b)

[[ 0 1 2 3]
[ 4 5 6 7]
[ 8 9 10 11]]
[0 1 2]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-104-fa6cbb589166> in <module>
5 print(b)
6
----> 7 print(a+b)

ValueError: operands could not be broadcast together with shapes (3,4) (3,)

a = np.arange(3).reshape(1,3)
b = np.arange(3).reshape(3,1)

print(a)
print(b)

print(a+b)

[[0 1 2]] New


[[0]
[1]
[2]]
[[0 1 2]
[1 2 3]
[2 3 4]]

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8/16/25, 12:25 AM session-14-numpy-advanced.ipynb - Colab

a = np.arange(3).reshape(1,3)
b = np.arange(4).reshape(4,1)

print(a)
print(b)

print(a + b)

[[0 1 2]]
[[0]
[1]
[2]
[3]]
[[0 1 2]
[1 2 3]
[2 3 4]
[3 4 5]]

a = np.array([1])
# shape -> (1,1)
b = np.arange(4).reshape(2,2)
# shape -> (2,2)

print(a)
print(b)

print(a+b)

[1]
[[0 1]
[2 3]]
[[1 2]
[3 4]]

a = np.arange(12).reshape(3,4)
b = np.arange(12).reshape(4,3)

print(a)
print(b)

print(a+b)

New

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8/16/25, 12:25 AM session-14-numpy-advanced.ipynb - Colab

[[ 0 1 2 3]
[ 4 5 6 7]
[ 8 9 10 11]]
[[ 0 1 2]
[ 3 4 5]
[ 6 7 8]
[ 9 10 11]]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-109-c590a65467e5> in <module>
5 print(b)
6
----> 7 print(a+b)

ValueError: operands could not be broadcast together with shapes (3,4) (4,3)

a = np.arange(16).reshape(4,4)
b = np.arange(4).reshape(2,2)

print(a)
print(b)

print(a+b)

[[ 0 1 2 3]
[ 4 5 6 7]
[ 8 9 10 11]
[12 13 14 15]]
[[0 1]
[2 3]]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-110-57df50a0058a> in <module>
5 print(b)
6
----> 7 print(a+b)

ValueError: operands could not be broadcast together with shapes (4,4) (2,2)

keyboard_arrow_down Working with mathematical formulas

a = np.arange(10)
np.sin(a)

array([ 0. , 0.84147098, 0.90929743, 0.14112001, -0.7568025 , New


-0.95892427, -0.2794155 , 0.6569866 , 0.98935825, 0.41211849])

# sigmoid
def sigmoid(array):
return 1/(1 + np.exp(-(array)))

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8/16/25, 12:25 AM session-14-numpy-advanced.ipynb - Colab

a = np.arange(100)

sigmoid(a)

array([0.5 , 0.73105858, 0.88079708, 0.95257413, 0.98201379,


0.99330715, 0.99752738, 0.99908895, 0.99966465, 0.99987661,
0.9999546 , 0.9999833 , 0.99999386, 0.99999774, 0.99999917,
0.99999969, 0.99999989, 0.99999996, 0.99999998, 0.99999999,
1. , 1. , 1. , 1. , 1. ,
1. , 1. , 1. , 1. , 1. ,
1. , 1. , 1. , 1. , 1. ,
1. , 1. , 1. , 1. , 1. ,
1. , 1. , 1. , 1. , 1. ,
1. , 1. , 1. , 1. , 1. ,
1. , 1. , 1. , 1. , 1. ,
1. , 1. , 1. , 1. , 1. ,
1. , 1. , 1. , 1. , 1. ,
1. , 1. , 1. , 1. , 1. ,
1. , 1. , 1. , 1. , 1. ,
1. , 1. , 1. , 1. , 1. ,
1. , 1. , 1. , 1. , 1. ,
1. , 1. , 1. , 1. , 1. ,
1. , 1. , 1. , 1. , 1. ,
1. , 1. , 1. , 1. , 1. ])

# mean squared error

actual = np.random.randint(1,50,25)
predicted = np.random.randint(1,50,25)

def mse(actual,predicted):
return np.mean((actual - predicted)**2)

mse(actual,predicted)

500.12

# binary cross entropy


np.mean((actual - predicted)**2)

500.12

actual

array([ 5, 3, 9, 7, 3, 36, 49, 28, 20, 40, 2, 23, 29, 18, 30, 23, 7,
40, 15, 11, 27, 44, 32, 28, 10])
New

keyboard_arrow_down Working with missing values

# Working with missing values -> np.nan


a = np.array([1,2,3,4,np.nan,6])
a

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8/16/25, 12:25 AM session-14-numpy-advanced.ipynb - Colab

array([ 1., 2., 3., 4., nan, 6.])

a[~np.isnan(a)]

array([1., 2., 3., 4., 6.])

keyboard_arrow_down Plotting Graphs

# plotting a 2D plot
# x = y
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.linspace(-10,10,100)
y = x

plt.plot(x,y)

[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x7f6f78e18f70>]

# y = x^2
x = np.linspace(-10,10,100)
y = x**2

plt.plot(x,y)

New

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8/16/25, 12:25 AM session-14-numpy-advanced.ipynb - Colab

[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x7f6f87acf100>]

# y = sin(x)
x = np.linspace(-10,10,100)
y = np.sin(x)

plt.plot(x,y)

[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x7f6f5d1d0100>]

# y = xlog(x)
x = np.linspace(-10,10,100)
y = x * np.log(x)

plt.plot(x,y)

New

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8/16/25, 12:25 AM session-14-numpy-advanced.ipynb - Colab

<ipython-input-137-4b3958c08378>:3: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in log


y = x * np.log(x)
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x7f6f57ab62e0>]

# sigmoid
x = np.linspace(-10,10,100)
y = 1/(1+np.exp(-x))

plt.plot(x,y)

[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x7f6f5401e100>]

New

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