2025/6/18 14:53 Quiz: Practice Exam: Atmospheric composition and processes
Practice Exam: Atmospheric composition and
processes
Started: Jun 18 at 15:06
Quiz Instructions
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2025/6/18 14:53 Quiz: Practice Exam: Atmospheric composition and processes
Question 1 5 pts
Is the following statement entirely (!) true about droplet growth in warm clouds?
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2025/6/18 14:53 Quiz: Practice Exam: Atmospheric composition and processes
Statement: "In warm clouds, where temperatures remain above freezing throughout, the
formation of raindrops requires not only the slow growth of cloud droplets through condensation
but also the more efficient process of collision and coalescence, where droplets collide and
merge to reach the size necessary for precipitation."
True
False
Question 2 5 pts
Is the following statement entirely (!) true about droplet growth in cold clouds?
Statement: "In cold clouds, ice particles grow through deposition, riming, and coalescence,
where they merge with supercooled water droplets and other ice crystals to eventually form
snowflakes."
True
False
Question 3 5 pts
Given the first law of thermodynamics and the hydrostatic equation
, derive the dry adiabatic lapse rate (DALR) and calculate its value in .
Question 4 2 pts
The saturated adiabatic lapse rate is [x] than the DALR?
smaller
larger
Question 5 3 pts
How do lenticular clouds form? Select the correct answer.
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2025/6/18 14:53 Quiz: Practice Exam: Atmospheric composition and processes
When stable, moist air flows over a mountain or ridge, generating atmospheric gravity waves; clouds form at
the crests where air is lifted and cools to its dew point.
As a result of frontal lifting, where cold air undercuts warm, moist air, forcing rapid condensation into lens-
shaped cloud caps.
Due to radiative cooling at night over mountain slopes, leading to the formation of wave-like structures
capped with ice crystals.
Through the adiabatic cooling of air parcels that rise convectively over flat terrain, forming vertically
developed clouds with layered appearances.
Question 6 3 pts
Which pair best represents the two primary sources of atmospheric turbulence in the boundary
layer, along with a typical example of how each can arise?
Mechanical turbulence: Caused by jet stream instability over open oceans. Thermal turbulence: Triggered by
radiative cooling over deserts at night.
Mechanical turbulence: Generated by air flowing over rough urban terrain, creating eddies and wind shear.
Thermal turbulence: Caused by strong surface heating over bare ground, leading to rising thermals and
convective mixing
Mechanical turbulence: Induced by condensation near cloud tops, enhancing vertical mixing. Thermal
turbulence: Caused by fog formation in valleys reducing temperature contrast.
Mechanical turbulence: Produced by solar heating of forests. Thermal turbulence: Generated when cold air
flows over a warm lake surface at night.
Question 7 3 pts
What describes the conditions best of the daily cycle of incoming shortwave radiation on cloudy,
partly cloudy, and clear days?
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2025/6/18 14:53 Quiz: Practice Exam: Atmospheric composition and processes
a
[ Choose ]
b
[ Choose ]
c
[ Choose ]
Question 8 6 pts
Positive global warming feedbacks are processes that cause the rate of warming to increase in
response to warmer conditions. Negative global warming feedbacks are processes that cause
the rate of warming to decrease with warmer conditions.
Below are six climate feedback processes. Identify which are positive and which are negative
feedbacks in the context of global warming.
Melting sea ice reduces albedo, leading to
[ Choose ]
more solar absorption.
Increased cloud formation reflects more
[ Choose ]
incoming solar radiation.
Warmer temperatures cause more water
[ Choose ]
vapor in the atmosphere, enhancing
greenhouse warming.
Higher CO₂ levels lead to more plant
[ Choose ]
growth, which increases CO₂ uptake.
Melting permafrost releases methane, a
[ Choose ]
potent greenhouse gas.
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2025/6/18 14:53 Quiz: Practice Exam: Atmospheric composition and processes
Increased evaporation enhances low cloud
[ Choose ]
cover, which reflects sunlight.
Question 9 3 pts
These are the following soundings done on 21st May 2025. Select the most likely location for
each sounding. Hint: focus on the lower atmosphere.
A
[ Choose ]
B
[ Choose ]
C [ Choose ]
Question 10 4 pts
A stew-T digram or vertical sounding of the atmosphere shows the vertical temperature profile
in as [ Select ] , the dew point temperature as a
[ Select ] , the dry adiabatic lapse rate as [ Select ]
and the saturated lapse line [ Select ] .
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2025/6/18 14:53 Quiz: Practice Exam: Atmospheric composition and processes
Question 11 2 pts
This sounding was done at 10am in the morning. At what pressure level is the Lifting
condensation level (LCL)?
Question 12 2 pts
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2025/6/18 14:53 Quiz: Practice Exam: Atmospheric composition and processes
This sounding was done at 10am in the morning. At what pressure level is the Level of free
convection (LFC) using the 10am conditions?
Question 13 2 pts
This sounding was done at 10am in the morning. At which pressure level is the Equilibrium
Level or Level of Neutral Buoyancy?
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2025/6/18 14:53 Quiz: Practice Exam: Atmospheric composition and processes
Question 14 5 pts
In the afternoon the forecast showed temperatures up to 38C. The LCL would be
[ Select ] at around [ Select ] hPa and would be
close to the [ Select ] . The potential for a thunderstorm is
[ Select ] event though initial conditions are relatively
[ Select ]
Question 15 2 pts
At the surface, a psychrometer indicates a Relative Humidity of 85%. The air temperature is 15
C and the atmospheric pressure is 999hPa.
From the table of saturation vapour pressure against temperature, determine the saturation
vapour pressure at the surface in hPa:
T( C) P(hPa)
0 6.113
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2025/6/18 14:53 Quiz: Practice Exam: Atmospheric composition and processes
5 8.726
10 12.281
15 17.056
20 23.388
25 31.69
30 42.455
Saturation vapour pressure of water
Question 16 2 pts
At the surface, a psychrometer indicates a Relative Humidity of 85%. The air temperature is 15
C and the atmospheric pressure is 999hPa.
From the table of saturation vapour pressure against temperature,
What is the saturation water vapour mixing ratio? Give your answers in
T( C) P(hPa)
0 6.113
5 8.726
10 12.281
15 17.056
20 23.388
25 31.69
30 42.455
Saturation vapour pressure of water
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2025/6/18 14:53 Quiz: Practice Exam: Atmospheric composition and processes
Question 17 2 pts
At the surface, a psychrometer indicates a Relative Humidity of 85%. The air temperature is 15
C and the atmospheric pressure is 999hPa.
From the table of saturation vapour pressure against temperature,
What is the water vapour mixing ratio? Give your answers in
T( C) P(hPa)
0 6.113
5 8.726
10 12.281
15 17.056
20 23.388
25 31.69
30 42.455
Saturation vapour pressure of water
Question 18 2 pts
At the surface, a psychrometer indicates a Relative Humidity of 85%. The air temperature is 15
C and the atmospheric pressure is 999hPa.
From the table of saturation vapour pressure against temperature,
What is the vapour pressure? Give your answer in hPa.
T( C) P(hPa)
0 6.113
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2025/6/18 14:53 Quiz: Practice Exam: Atmospheric composition and processes
5 8.726
10 12.281
15 17.056
20 23.388
25 31.69
30 42.455
Saturation vapour pressure of water
Question 19 2 pts
At the surface, a psychrometer indicates a Relative Humidity of 85%. The air temperature is 15
C and the atmospheric pressure is 999hPa.
From the table of saturation vapour pressure against temperature,
What is the dewpoint temperature? Give your answer in C
T( C) P(hPa)
0 6.113
5 8.726
10 12.281
15 17.056
20 23.388
25 31.69
30 42.455
Saturation vapour pressure of water
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2025/6/18 14:53 Quiz: Practice Exam: Atmospheric composition and processes
Question 20 2 pts
At the same location, a weather balloon measures a temperature of 10 C at a height of 800
hPa.
Is the in the layer between the surface and 800hPa stable, unstable or neutral?
T( C) P(hPa)
0 6.113
5 8.726
10 12.281
15 17.056
20 23.388
25 31.69
30 42.455
Saturation vapour pressure of water
stable
unstable
neutral
Question 21 2 pts
The following measurements were taken at a meteorological measurement site during
daylight hours.
Positive values of the ground heat flux and the latent heat flux represent fluxes away from the
surface. Assume that the energy storage term is zero.
The Stefan-Boltzmann law states that the emitted radiation from a black body is given by ,
where 𝜎 is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant given by 5.67 x . Treating the surface
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2025/6/18 14:53 Quiz: Practice Exam: Atmospheric composition and processes
around the measurement site as a black body, calculate the outgoing longwave radiation at
the site in .
Surface Temperature 285 K
Albedo 0.3
Incoming short-wave radiation 300
Incoming long-wave radiation 220
Ground heat flux 25
Latent heat flux at the surface 30
Wind speed at 10m 5.9
Wind speed at 30m 7.0
Question 22 2 pts
The following measurements were taken at a meteorological measurement site during
daylight hours.
Positive values of the ground heat flux and the latent heat flux represent fluxes away from the
surface. Assume that the energy storage term is zero.
Determine the net radiation (Q*) in .
Surface Temperature 285 K
Albedo 0.3
Incoming short-wave radiation 300
Incoming long-wave radiation 220
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2025/6/18 14:53 Quiz: Practice Exam: Atmospheric composition and processes
Ground heat flux 25
Latent heat flux at the surface 30
Wind speed at 10m 5.9
Wind speed at 30m 7.0
Question 23 2 pts
The following measurements were taken at a meteorological measurement site during
daylight hours.
Positive values of the ground heat flux and the latent heat flux represent fluxes away from the
surface. Assume that the energy storage term is zero.
Calculate the sensible heat flux in .
Surface Temperature 285 K
Albedo 0.3
Incoming short-wave radiation 300
Incoming long-wave radiation 220
Ground heat flux 25
Latent heat flux at the surface 30
Wind speed at 10m 5.9
Wind speed at 30m 7.0
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2025/6/18 14:53 Quiz: Practice Exam: Atmospheric composition and processes
Question 24 2 pts
When we use the logarithmic wind profile under neutral conditions , we can
calculate the Surface roughness length
Rearrange the log-wind profile equation for and select the right one:
A)
B)
C)
Question 25 2 pts
The following measurements were taken at a meteorological measurement site during
daylight hours.
Positive values of the ground heat flux and the latent heat flux represent fluxes away from the
surface. Assume that the energy storage term is zero.
Calculate the Surface roughness length in meters.
Surface Temperature 285 K
Albedo 0.3
Incoming short-wave radiation 300
Incoming long-wave radiation 220
Ground heat flux 25
Latent heat flux at the surface 30
Wind speed at 10m 5.9
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2025/6/18 14:53 Quiz: Practice Exam: Atmospheric composition and processes
Wind speed at 30m 7.0
Question 26 2 pts
Given the logarithmic wind profile under neutral atmospheric conditions:
where:
u(z) is the wind speed at height ,
is the friction velocity,
, κ is the von Kármán constant,
is the surface roughness length,
Which of the following correctly rearranges this equation to solve for the friction velocity ?
A)
B)
C)
D)
D
Question 27 2 pts
The following measurements were taken at a meteorological measurement site during
daylight hours.
Positive values of the ground heat flux and the latent heat flux represent fluxes away from the
surface. Assume that the energy storage term is zero.
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2025/6/18 14:53 Quiz: Practice Exam: Atmospheric composition and processes
Calculate the friction velocity u* in
Surface Temperature 285 K
Albedo 0.3
Incoming short-wave radiation 300
Incoming long-wave radiation 220
Ground heat flux 25
Latent heat flux at the surface 30
Wind speed at 10m 5.9
Wind speed at 30m 7.0
Question 28 3 pts
CH4, a well mixed greenhouse gas, has a mixing ratio of 1800 ppbv. What is the total mass of
CH4 in the atmosphere in 1012 kg? (assume total atmospheric mass of 5.3 x 1018kg)
Question 29 3 pts
CH4 is destroyed by photolysis in the stratosphere and by oxidation at a rate of 506 Tg yr-1.
What is the atmospheric lifetime of CH4?
5 months
20.5 years
10.5 years
100.5 years
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2025/6/18 14:53 Quiz: Practice Exam: Atmospheric composition and processes
Question 30 10 pts
What conditions create the large stratospheric ozone depletion seen in the Antarctic every
spring? Describe the catalytic cycle causing this almost complete ozone destruction, and
explain why only since the mid 1980s has this been an issue (max 200 words).
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Question 31 8 pts
Describe briefly in max 200 words how condensation in clouds forms. What are the key
ingredients? What are common misconceptions?
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12pt Paragraph
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2025/6/18 14:53 Quiz: Practice Exam: Atmospheric composition and processes
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