MGT171-Computing Technologies for Business

COMSATS University Islambad (CUI)

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 ABOUT ME
BS Computer Science (COMSATS Lahore)
Masters in Computer Science (COMSATS Lahore)
Lecturer at COMSATS Lahore since February, 2025
Blockchain / Web Developer & Researcher
Email: [email protected]
COMSATS Profile:
https://lahore.comsats.edu.pk/Employees/profile.aspx?employeeId=1370

Linkedin Profile:
www.linkedin.com/in/hamza-hamid-b31b2113a
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 BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN BUSINESS DATA ANALYTICS
What You Will Learn

Generate, collect, and clean massive datasets

Integrate data from diverse sources

Analyze data using sophisticated tools and techniques

Core business principles and strategies

Advanced tools and techniques for big data 3

 YOUR FUTURE CAREER

The field of Business Data Analytics is rapidly growing, driven by the increasing
importance of data-driven decision-making across industries.
Graduates with a Bachelor of Science in Business Data Analytics will have access to a
wide range of high-demand, well-paying jobs.
Here are some of the top career opportunities in this field:
1. Data Analyst
Role: Collect, clean, and analyze data to help organizations make informed
decisions.
Skills Needed: Data visualization, SQL, Excel, statistical analysis.
Industries: Finance, healthcare, retail, marketing, technology.
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 YOUR FUTURE CAREER

2. Business Intelligence Analyst

Role: Use data to identify trends, create dashboards, and provide actionable
insights to improve business performance.
Skills Needed: Power BI, Tableau, data modeling, SQL.
Industries: Consulting, e-commerce, manufacturing, logistics.

3. Data Scientist
Role: Use advanced analytics, machine learning, and predictive modeling to solve
complex business problems.
Skills Needed: Python, R, machine learning, big data tools (Hadoop, Spark).
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Industries: Technology, healthcare, finance, research.
 YOUR FUTURE CAREER
4. Data Engineer
Role: Design, build, and maintain data pipelines and infrastructure to support
analytics and data science teams.
Skills Needed: ETL processes, cloud platforms (AWS, Azure), database
management.
Industries: Technology, telecommunications, finance.

5. Marketing Analyst
Role: Analyze customer data to optimize marketing campaigns, improve
customer targeting, and measure ROI.
Skills Needed: Google Analytics, A/B testing, CRM tools.
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Industries: Advertising, e-commerce, media.
6. Machine Learning Engineer
Role: Develop and deploy machine learning models to automate processes and
generate insights.
Skills Needed: Python, TensorFlow, PyTorch, AI/ML algorithms.
Industries: Technology, healthcare, autonomous systems.

Why These Jobs Are in Demand

Explosion of Data: Organizations are generating more data than ever before
and need professionals to make sense of it.
Digital Transformation: Companies are investing heavily in data-driven
strategies to stay competitive.
Fifth Industrial Revolution: The integration of AI, IoT, and big data is creating
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new opportunities for analytics professionals.
ROLE OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS DATA ANALYTICS
Enables the collection, storage, and processing of massive datasets.
Powers advanced analytics tools and techniques (e.g., machine learning, AI).
Supports real-time decision-making through cloud computing and IoT.
Examples:
Big Data Platforms: Hadoop, Spark.
Cloud Computing: AWS, Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure.
Analytics Tools: Python, R, Tableau, Power BI.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML)

Automates data analysis and generates predictive insights.
Applications: Chatbots, recommendation systems, fraud detection. 8
ROLE OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS DATA ANALYTICS
Internet of Things (IoT)
Connects devices to collect and analyze real-time data.
Applications: Smart cities, healthcare monitoring, supply chain optimization.

Edge Computing
Processes data closer to the source (e.g., IoT devices) for faster insights.
Applications: Autonomous vehicles, industrial automation.

Quantum Computing
Solves complex problems faster than traditional computers.
Applications: Cryptography, optimization 9
 ROLE OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS DATA ANALYTICS

Blockchain Technology
Secures data through decentralized and tamper-proof systems.
Applications: Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin
A decentralized, distributed ledger technology that records transactions across
multiple computers in a way that ensures security, transparency, and immutability.
Decentralization: No single entity controls the data; it is maintained by a network of
nodes.
Transparency: All participants can view the transactions.
Immutability: Once recorded, data cannot be altered or deleted.
Security: Uses cryptographic techniques to secure data. 10
 INFORMATION / COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY

Definition:
IT involves the use of computers, networks, software, and hardware to manage and
process information.
Purpose:
It focuses on storing, retrieving, transmitting, and securing data to support business
operations and decision-making.
Key Components:
Hardware (computers, servers, devices)
Software (applications, operating systems)
Networks (internet, communication systems)
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Data storage and management systems
 ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
1. IT enables instant communication through email, social media, video conferencing, and
messaging apps.
2. Connects people across the globe, fostering collaboration and reducing geographical
barriers.
3. Optimizes energy use through IoT and data analytics.
4. Provides access to online courses, virtual classrooms, and educational resources.
5. Enables remote consultations and diagnostics, improving access to healthcare.
6. Expands market reach and enables online shopping and transactions.
7. Enhances daily life with smart homes, wearables, and IoT devices.
8. Protects sensitive data from cyber threats and attacks.
9. Drives advancements in automation, predictive analytics, and robotics. 12
 HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
Turing Model:
Proposed by: Alan Turing (1936).
A theoretical model of computation.
Turing Machine capable of solving any computable problem.
Theoretical and not practical for real-world implementation.
Assumes infinite memory, which is impossible in reality.

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Von Neumann Model:
Proposed by: John Von Neumann (1945).
A practical architecture for building computers.
Describes how a computer system should be organized to execute programs.

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Input Devices are hardware components used to provide data and control signals to a
computer or information processing system.
They allow users to interact with and input data into the system.

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Output Devices are hardware components that display or present data processed by a
computer or information system.
They convert electronic information into a human-readable or usable form.

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Third generation computers were introduced in the 1960s and 1970s.
They were the first computers to resemble modern computer systems.
The main electronic component of third-generation computers.
ICs are small devices that contain thousands of transistors, resistances, and other circuit
elements.
The fourth generation of computers was from 1971 to 1980.
They were characterized by the use of microprocessors.
These computers were smaller, faster, and more efficient than their predecessors.
The fifth generation of computers began in 1982.
It used artificial intelligence (AI) and parallel processing to create more powerful, user-friendly
computers.
Understand human language and respond to natural language input.
Used for navigation, image processing, video analyzing, and more 23
1. Fetch
The control unit reads the program counter register to find the memory address of the next
instruction.
2. Decode
The control unit interprets the binary instruction to determine what to do.
3. Execute
The control unit sends signals to the ALU, memory, and other components to perform the
correct work.
4. Store 24

The instruction is stored in memory.

 Memory: Volatile & Non-Volatile
In computing, "volatile memory" refers to a type of memory that loses its data when power is
removed.
RAM (Random Access Memory) is the most common example of volatile memory.
Used for temporary storage of data that is actively being processed by the CPU.
Generally faster access times compared to non-volatile memory due to its design for quick
data retrieval.

While "non-volatile memory" retains data even when power is lost, essentially meaning it provides
permanent storage.
Hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and ROM (Read-Only Memory) are examples
of non-volatile memory.
Used for long-term data storage, as it retains information even when the system is powered
down.
Typically slower access times compared to volatile memory.
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 Flash Memory
Flash memory is a type of computer memory that stores data even when there's no power.
It's used in many devices, including USB drives, smartphones and SD cards.

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 Registers
A register is a storage space in a computer's CPU that holds data for immediate use.
Registers can store instructions, data and addresses.

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 Cache Memory
Cache memory is a temporary storage space in a computer that stores frequently used data for
quick access.
It's a vital component of a computer's performance.
For example, web browsers typically use a cache to make webpages load faster by storing a copy
of the webpage files locally, such as on your local computer.

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 Computer Buses
A computer bus is a communication system that moves data between a computer's
components.
The three main types of computer buses are the data bus, the address bus, and the control
bus.
Data bus
Carries data between the CPU and memory, and between the CPU and input/output
devices
A bidirectional bus that moves data in both directions.
Address bus
Carries memory addresses from the processor to other components.
A unidirectional bus that moves data in one direction.
Control bus
Carries control signals from the processor to other components.
Also carries the clock's pulses.
A unidirectional bus that moves data in one direction. 29
Computer Buses

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Computer Ports

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 Magnetic Storage Devices
Magnetic storage devices use magnetism to store data, including hard disk drives, floppy disks
and magnetic tape.
Hard disk drive (HDD)
The primary storage device in most computers, HDDs use magnetized spinning disks to
store data.
They are relatively cheap, but can be damaged and slow down over time.
Floppy disk
A thin, flexible magnetic disk in a plastic carrier. A computer needs a floppy disk drive to
read and write data to a floppy disk.

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 Storage Devices
An optical storage device is a device that uses a laser to read and write data to optical media
like CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs.

Data is encoded as tiny pits on the surface of the optical disk

A laser scanner reads the pits and converts the light intensity variations into electric signals

Solid-state storage devices (SSDs) are compact, fast, and durable storage devices that are
used in computers and other electronic devices.

Used in computers and laptops to improve performance and reliability.

USB flash drives: Also known as thumb drives, these are portable storage devices that are
ideal for transferring files between computers.
Memory cards: A convenient and portable removable storage medium.
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