Sentences

A sentence is a group of words that tells a complete idea. The

words are in an order that makes sense. A sentence begins with
a capital letter. Many sentences end with a period (.)
We went to the beach. ⎜ This is a complete sentence.
the beach ⎜ This is not a complete sentence.

Make each group of words a sentence.

Write a group of words from the box.

packed a picnic. felt hot.

was cool and blue. dived in the waves. was fun.

1. The sand
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2. The water

3. My brother and I

4. Mom

5. Our first trip to the beach

Grammar 1
 Subjects
The subject of a sentence tells who or what does something.
Neil Armstrong walked on the moon.
The moon goes around the Earth.

Circle the subject of each sentence.

1. The girl will be an astronaut.

2. Astronauts study space.

3. She and I dream about spaceships.

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4. My father is a zoologist.

5. Zoologists study animals.

6. My uncle explores the rain forest.

Grammar 2
 Predicates
The predicate tells what the subject of a sentence does or is.
My family goes on hikes.
Hiking is fun.

Underline the predicate in each sentence.

1. We hiked up a mountain.

2. The trail was hard.

3. It climbed up and up.

4. My dad helped me a little.

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5. The view at the top was great.

6. I enjoyed that hike.

Grammar 3
 Declarative and Interrogative Sentences
A statement that tells something is called a declarative
sentence. A statement ends with a period (.).
Some places are very dry.
A question is a sentence that asks something. It is called an
interrogative sentence. A question ends with a question mark (?).
What can live in a very dry place?
All statements and questions begin with capital letters.

Put a period at the end if the sentence is a statement.

Put a question mark at the end if the sentence is a question.

1. Can an oak tree live in a very dry place

2. An oak tree needs plenty of water

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3. It cannot live in a very dry place

4. Does a cactus need much water

5. A cactus does not need much water

6. Where does a cactus live

Grammar 4
 Imperative and Exclamatory Sentences
A command is a sentence that tells someone to do something.
It is called an imperative sentence. It ends with a period (.).
The subject of a command is you, but you is usually not shown.
Pack your suitcase.
An exclamation is a sentence that shows surprise or strong
feelings. It is called an exclamatory sentence. It ends with an
exclamation mark (!).
What a great trip this will be! I can’t wait to go!
All commands and exclamations begin with capital letters.

Put a period at the end if the sentence is a command. Put an

exclamation mark at the end if the sentence is an exclamation.

1. Bring your camera

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2. Put your jacket on

3. Wow, I am so excited

4. Get in the car, please

5. Hooray, we’re on our way

Grammar 5
 Common Nouns
A common noun names a person, place, animal, or thing.

60144_042e Hamblin
man lake dog ice

person place animal thing

Circle the nouns. Write them in the chart.

1. The park was covered in snow.

2. The ducks and geese had no food.

3. Two children lived across the street.

4. The girl and the boy brought bread to the birds.

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Person Place Animal Thing

Grammar 6
 Proper Nouns
Proper nouns are special names for people, places, animals, and
things. They begin with capital letters. Days of the week, months
of the year, and holidays also begin with capital letters. Titles for
people and initials begin with capital letters and end with a period (.).
Mr. Morgan threw the ball. Ronald swung at it.
He got his first hit on Tuesday, May 10.

Underline the proper nouns. Write each proper noun correctly

on the line.
1. alicia b ortiz broke her arm in the game on july 1.

2. dr. ray t lee told her no more baseball until labor day.
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3. On friday alicia was back at pioneer park.

4. Her team, the patton panthers, was playing the terry tigers.

5. “Go, roberto! Come on, cindy!” shouted alicia.

Grammar 7
 Singular and Plural Nouns
A singular noun names one person, place, animal, or thing.
A noun that names more than one is called a plural noun.
bear turtles
(one) (more than one)
You add -s to most nouns to show more than one. If a noun ends
in s, ch, sh, or x, add -es to the noun to show more than one.
rabbits foxes
(add -s) (add -es)

Add -s or -es if the noun should be plural. Do not add anything

if the noun should be singular.

Sheperd_G1_p66g Hamblin

1. tree 4. box
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2. bus 5. lamp

3. shoe 6. dish

Grammar 8
 Plural Nouns That Change Spelling
A plural noun names more than one person, place, animal, or
thing. Some nouns change spelling to name more than one.

woman women

Match each plural noun to its singular noun.

Write the plural noun on the line.

mice teeth feet

children leaves men

1. man 4. child
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Sheperd G2 p30v Hamblin

2. leaf 5. foot

3. tooth 6. mouse

Grammar 9
 Possessive Nouns
A noun that shows who or what owns something is a possessive
noun. To show ownership, add an apostrophe (’) and -s when
the noun is singular. Add just an apostrophe (’) when the noun
is plural.
the turkey’s tail the rabbits’ tails

Add ’s or ’ to each noun. Write the possessive noun on the line.

1. the head
horse

2. the legs
goats
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3. the mane
lion

4. the fur
bear

5. the dinner
animals

Grammar 10
 Verbs
A word that shows action is a verb.
Ahmed makes a present for his dad.
The word makes is a verb. It tells what Ahmed did.

Underline the verb in each sentence.

1. Ahmed finds a small flat piece of wood.

2. He paints the wood yellow.

3. He prints “The Best Dad” in black.

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4. Ahmed’s dad likes the present.

5. He places it on his desk.

Grammar 11
 Verbs with Singular and Plural Nouns
The subject and the verb in a sentence must work together, or
agree. Add -s to a verb to tell what one person, animal, or thing
does. Do not add -s to a verb that tells what two or more people,
animals, or things do.
One child draws a tree.
Two children draw flowers.

Circle the verb in ( ) that completes each sentence.

1. The children (paints, paint) a scene on mural paper.

2. One girl (makes, make) a road.

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3. Two boys (adds, add) cars and trucks.

4. Three girls (colors, color) the sky blue.

5. The teacher (hangs, hang) the mural on the wall.

Grammar 12
 Verbs for Present, Past, and Future
Today Jeb bakes muffins.
The verb bakes tells about now. It ends with -s.
Yesterday Jeb baked muffins.
The verb baked tells about the past. It ends with -ed. The
endings -s and -ed are inflected endings.
Tomorrow Jeb will bake muffins. TX POD trans K-36eA

The verb will bake tells about the future. It begins with will.

Circle the verb in each sentence. Write N if the verb tells about
now. Write P if the verb tells about the past. Write F if the verb
tells about the future.

1. Jeb invents new kinds of muffins.

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2. Today he sprinkles in coconut.

3. Yesterday he added pineapple.

4. Next week he will use squash.

Grammar 13
 More About Verbs
Use the correct verb in each sentence to show something
happening now, in the past, or in the future.
Today Chris plays the piano. (now)
Yesterday Chris played the piano. (in the past)
Chris knew many songs. (in the past)
Tomorrow Chris will play the piano. (in the future)

Underline the verb in each sentence. Write each verb in the chart
under the correct head.

1. Chris started piano lessons three years ago.

2. His sister dances to the music.

3. Their mother heard her children.

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4. Next year they will attend music camp.

Now Past Future

Grammar 14
 Am, Is, Are, Was, and Were
The verbs am, is, are, was, and were can be linking verbs.
Linking verbs do not show action. They show what someone
or something is or was.
The verbs am, is, and are tell about now.
I am an inventor.
Jen is an inventor.
The verbs was and were tell about the past.
Bill was an inventor.
Kate and Sean were inventors.
These verbs can also be helping verbs. They help
other verbs tell about someone or something.
Rosa is reading about inventors. (“is” helps “reading”)
They were learning about inventions. (“were” helps “learning”)
Use am, is, and was to tell about one person, place, or thing.
Use are and were to tell about more than one person, place, or thing.
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Write the verb in ( ) that completes each sentence.

1. Inventors clever people. (is, are)

2. Zippers invented not long ago. (was, were)

3. I about plants. (am reading, are reading)

Grammar 15
 Adjectives and Our Senses
An adjective describes a person, place, animal, or thing. An
adjective can tell how something looks, sounds, tastes, feels,
or smells.
The frog saw a small caterpillar.
Small describes the way the caterpillar looks.

Find the adjectives that tell how something looks, sounds, tastes,
feels, or smells. Circle the adjectives.

1. The frog liked delicious breakfasts.

2. Would he like Mexican chiles?

3. He heard singing birds.

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4. The frog saw wonderful things.

5. Now he likes old trees.

Grammar 16
 Adjectives for Number, Size, and Shape
Words for number, size, and shape are adjectives.
The words a, an, and the are also adjectives called
articles.
A sunflower has small seeds.
The word a describes how many sunflowers—one.
Small describes the size of the seeds.

Underline the adjectives that describe the number, size, or shape

of something. Write the adjectives in the chart.

1. Tina planted ten sunflowers.

2. Sunflowers are tall plants.

3. Seeds grow in large heads.

4. Tina took out oval seeds.

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5. She filled the bag with seeds.

Describe Number Describe Size Describe Shape

Grammar 17
 Adjectives That Compare
Add -er to an adjective to compare two persons, places, or
things. This is the comparative form. Add -est to an adjective
to compare three or more persons, places, or things. This is the
superlative form.

The chick is smaller than the hen.

Smaller compares two things—the chick and the hen.
The egg is smallest of the three.
Smallest compares three things—the egg, the chick, and the hen.

Circle adjectives that compare two things. Underline adjectives

that compare three or more things.

1. Lions are faster than zebras.

2. The cheetah is the fastest animal on land.

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3. The blue whale is the longest animal of all.

4. Dolphins are longer than porpoises.

5. A pine tree is taller than an oak tree.

6. Redwoods are the tallest trees of all.

Grammar 18
 Adverbs That Tell When and Where
Adverbs tell more about a verb. Some adverbs show when
or where.
I saw the moon yesterday.
Yesterday tells when.
Astronauts walk there.
There tells where.
Many things happen in a certain order. Some adverbs can tell
order. These adverbs are time transition words.
Jose saw the moon before. He will read about it now.

Underline the adverb in each sentence.

Write when if the adverb shows when.
Write where if the adverb shows where.

1. The moon fell yesterday.

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2. It fell down to the sea.

3. The fish helped the moon next.

4. Now they are friends.

Grammar 19
 Adverbs That Tell How
An adverb can tell more about a verb by telling how an action is
done. Adverbs that tell how usually end in -ly.
When she looked up, she saw the mountain clearly.
Clearly tells how she saw the mountain.

Write an adverb from the box to complete each sentence.

Use each adverb once.

quietly loudly wildly

quickly carefully suddenly

1. “I must listen ,” she said.

2. She left her village .

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3. the mountain shook.

4. “Why have you come?” it asked .

5. The wind blew .

6. She ran down the path.

Grammar 20
 Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun or nouns.
The words he, she, it, we, you, and they are pronouns.
Rosa is a doctor. She helps people.
She takes the place of the noun Rosa.
Dan and Marie are nurses. They help people too.
They takes the place of the nouns Dan and Marie.

Write the pronoun that can take the place of the underlined word
or words. Use he, she, it, we, or they.

1. Sue Kresky talks to the children at school.

2. The children listen to the police officer.

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3. Juan and I want to be police officers.

4. Juan asks Officer Kresky many questions.

5. Someday the dream will come true.

Grammar 21
 Pronouns for One and More Than One
He, she, and it are singular pronouns that name only one.
We and they are plural pronouns that name more than one.
Mom helps animals. She works for a vet.
She is a pronoun that names one person—Mom.
Sometimes Dad and I help. We feed the animals.
We is a pronoun that names more than one—Dad and I.

Circle the pronouns that name only one.

Underline the pronouns that name more than one.

Dad and Mom were driving home last night. They saw

a cat. It was sitting by the side of the road. “We should stop,”
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Mom said. Dad pulled over. He got a blanket out of the trunk.

He wrapped the blanket around the cat. Mom held the cat.

She said, “Drive to Dr. Klute’s.” They took the cat to the vet.

Grammar 22
 Using I and Me
The pronouns I and me take the place of your name.
Use I in the subject of a sentence. Use me after
an action verb. Always write I with a capital letter.
I always wanted a dog.
My parents gave me a dog.
When you talk about yourself and another person, name yourself
last. The pronouns I and me take the place of your name.
The dog and I sing together.
People are surprised when they hear the dog and me.

Write I or me to complete each sentence.

1. have a dog named Pepper.

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2. Pepper and are best friends.

3. Pepper sings with .

4. Singing makes Pepper and happy.

5. Maybe Pepper and can sing for you.

Grammar 23
 Different Kinds of Pronouns
The pronouns I, he, she, we, and they are used as subjects of
sentences. The pronouns me, him, her, us, and them are used
after action verbs. The pronouns you and it can be used
anywhere in a sentence.
Calvin has a new bike. He can’t ride it.
The pronoun he is the subject of a sentence.
The pronoun it is used after the action verb ride.
Calvin is riding his bike. Angela helped him.
The pronoun him is used after the action verb helped.
Possessive pronouns show who or what owns, or possesses,
something. My, mine, our, ours, his, her, and hers are some
possessive pronouns.
This is my bike.
The pronoun my shows who owns the bike.

Draw lines to match the underlined words to the pronouns.

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1. Pam’s bike got a flat tire. him

2. I called my dad. mine

3. My dad thought it was my bike. it

Grammar 24
 Contractions
A contraction is a short way to put two words together. An
apostrophe (’) takes the place of one or more letters.
Contractions can be formed by putting together a pronoun and
another word, such as will, are, or is.
We will clean up the mess. We’ll clean up the mess.
Many contractions are formed with verbs and the word not.
We should not have done that. We shouldn’t have done that.

Replace the underlined words with a contraction from the box.

it’s isn’t she’s

I’ll don’t we’re

1. Tanya’s mother said, “Do not go too far.”

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2. Tanya is not listening to her mother.

3. Now she is lost in the park.

4. She can not find her way home.

5. It is lucky we found her.

6. “We are not mad, but listen next time.”

Grammar 25
 Using Capital Letters
Days of the week, months of the year, and holidays
begin with capital letters.
The first day of January is New Year’s Day.
Titles for people and their abbreviations begin
with capital letters.
Every year Mr. Lewis has a big party.

Find the words that need capital letters. Write the words correctly
on the line.

1. The last monday in may is memorial day.

2. This year the fourth of july is on a friday.

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3. We always go to the barbecue at mr. Garcia’s house.

4. What holiday is on the fourth thursday in november?

5. I saw dr. Martin and ms. Chang at the thanksgiving party.

Grammar 26
 Quotation Marks
Quotation marks (“ ”) show the beginning and ending of the
words someone says. Begin a quotation with a capital letter.
The speaker’s name and words such as said or asked are
not inside the quotation marks.
“What is a symbol?” asked Kim.
“A symbol is something that stands for something else,”
Jerome said.

Add quotation marks to each sentence.

1. What is a symbol of our country? asked Emma.

2. David said, Our flag is a symbol.

3. The bald eagle is a symbol too, said Liam.

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4. Miki asked, Why is the bald eagle a symbol?

5. Sasha said, The bald eagle is strong and free,

and so is the United States.

6. Let’s find out more about the bald eagle, Alan said.

Grammar 27
 Prepositions
A preposition is the first word in a prepositional phrase.
What is in the birthday basket?
The preposition shows more about the rest of the sentence.
Cecilia filled the basket with care.
Tía will come in the morning.
The cat sits on the book.

Common Prepositions
about across after around   at
before below between   by during
except   for from in into
near of on onto out
over through   to under until
upon with

Write the preposition in ( ) that completes each sentence.

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1. Cecilia made a basket (out, for) Tía.

2. She put a book (in, except) the basket.

3. Tía brings tea (across, at) night.

4. Tía sits outside (from, during) warm days.

5. Tía looked (under, onto) my bed.

6. The cat jumped (until, into) the basket.

Grammar 28
 Using Commas
Commas are used in addresses:
212 S. Oak Lane
Tucson, AZ 85742
Commas are used in dates:
January 31, 1929
Tuesday, June 14
Commas are used to begin and end a letter:
Dear Anna,
Love,
Krysia
Commas are used to separate three or more things in a
sentence.
Krysia wrote letters to Anna, Paul, and Aunt Beth.

Add commas where they are needed.

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124 Maple Street

Syracuse NY 13210
June 24 2009
Dear Jaime
I am at my grandparents’ ranch in Colorado. We come
here every June. We swim fish and hike. I see all my cousins
aunts and uncles. It is great. See you soon.
Your friend
Tim

Grammar 29
 Commas in Compound Sentences
Sometimes two simple sentences have ideas that go together.
These sentences can be combined using a comma and a
conjunction or connecting word, such as and or but. The
combined sentence is called a compound sentence.
Every year our school has an election. Everyone votes.
Every year our school has an election, and everyone votes.
We thought Thomas would win. Grace tried anyway.
We thought Thomas would win, but Grace tried anyway.

Use the word in ( ) and a comma to combine each pair

of sentences. Write the new sentence on the lines.

1. Polls were taken. Voters made their choices. (and)

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2. Alabama voted for Thomas. Arizona voted for Grace. (but)

3. She won the election. I was glad that she did. (and)

Grammar 30