بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
اسرة شوامخ
المكتب االكاديمي
Part Ι Encircle the letter of the best correct answer (only one answer).read the
question well. Make sure ``you understand the question before you answer.
1- Which of the following is not an essential element of report writing?
a. Research Methodology
b. Reference
c. Conclusion
d. None of these
2-Which of the following is non-probability sampling?
a .Convenience
b. Random
c. Cluster
d. Stratified
3-The knowledge already available about the research problem comes from:
a. Other institutions
b. Your university
c. Literature review
d .Experience in the field
: 4-Which of the following is not a data-collection method?
a) Research questions
b) Unstructured interviewing
c) Postal survey questionnaires
d) Participant observation
5-When each member of a population has an equally likely chance of being selected, this is
Called:
a. A nonrandom sampling method
b. A quota sample
c. A Purposive sample
d. An Equal probability selection method
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6-Common features of case control study are:
a. Has no ethical problems
b. Exposure and outcome have occurred in the past
c. Proceed forward from effect to cause
d. Calculate RR as result of the study
7. Which of the following techniques yields a simple random sample?
a. Choosing volunteers from an introductory psychology class to participate
b. Listing the individuals by ethnic group and choosing a proportion from within
each ethnic group at random.
c. Numbering all the elements of a sampling frame and then using a random number
table to pick cases from the table.
d. Randomly selecting schools, and then sampling everyone within the school.
8-Research objectives are:
a. Tools to achieve the aim
b. Plan to do or achieve something
c. Message researcher wants to deliver
d .Product of the research
e. Closely related to research topic
9-Specific objectives are:
a. A breakdown of general objective
b. Smaller, logically connected parts
c. Must lead to research aim
d .Related to study variables
e. Found in research goal
10- You are interested to study the effects of medication and tactile
stimulation on the pain experienced by the cancer patients. What type of
variable is pain?
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a. Dependent
b. X Variable
c. Independent
C .confounding
11-Questionnaire:
a. Is able to measure both exposure and outcome
b. Does not rely on the responses of the individual
c. Tool of data collection
d. Needs undetailed training
12- You would like to compare the support system of patients with chronic illness to
those with acute illness. Considering that the hypothesis was: “Clients with chronic
illness have lesser support system than clients with acute illness.” What type of study is
this?
a .Descriptive
b .Experimental
c .Case control
d. cohort
13-Research is:
a .Data collection
b .Data analysis
c .Scientific investigation
d .Measurement
14-Which among the following is the most important characteristic of a sample?
[Link] number
b. Location
c .Representativeness
d .Randomization
15-To do research you need:
a. Research interest
b .Large budget
c .Good training
d .Full job in the university
16-What does a sample group represent?
[Link] group
[Link] subjects
[Link] population
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[Link]
[Link] of the following methods allows the use of any group of research subject and
many clinical based studies are from this type?
[Link]
b .Convenience
[Link]-ball
[Link]
18- A researcher does review of related literature for the purpose of
[Link] statistical treatment of data research
[Link] data about what is already known or unknown about the problem
[Link] identify if problem can be replicated
[Link] the research question
19-Which of the following usually refers to the independent variables in doing research?
[Link]
[Link]
CcOutput
[Link]
19-The efficacy of clofazimine drug on patients with leprosy example of:
a. Epidemiological research
b. Clinical research
c. Health system research
d. Bio Medicinal research focuses
20-. Determining the sample interval (represented by k), randomly selecting a number between 1
and k, and including each k element in your sample are the steps for which form of sampling?
a. Simple Random Sampling
b. Stratified Random Sampling
c. Systematic Sampling
d. Cluster sampling
21-Use of a volunteer sample is generally to be avoided because:
a. volunteers are hard to get
b) They are unlikely to be representative of the intended population
c) They are difficult to stratify
b) Replication is difficult
22-Informed consent includes which of the following?
[Link] of study
b .Description of study
[Link] of foreseeable risks and discomforts
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[Link] expected benefits
All of the above
23-Which of the following factors should not influence the decision when one is selecting a topic
or problem for research?
a) Will solution of the problem advance knowledge in my field?
b) Will I be able to prove that my previously held beliefs are true?
c) Will the study lead to the development of other investigations?
d) Is the topic or problem amenable to research?
24- The most important component of human subjects protection in research that aimed to study
prevalence of HIV/AIDS is:
a. Compensation
b. Informed consent
c. Taking only 10cc=s of blood
d. Not asking personally embarrassing questions
d. Providing the telephone number of the principal investigator
25-The Cancer and Steroid Hormone (CASH) study, in which women with breast cancer and a
comparable group of women without breast cancer were asked about their prior use of oral
contraceptives is an example of which type(s) of study?
Indicate all that apply.
a. clinical trial
b. cohort study
c. cross sectional survey
d. Case-control study
e. experimental study
Part II: Matching
The theme: Sampling technique
Options: select one option for each statement from the list mentioned below. N.B. options
can be used more than one time. Ten marks for this section. Write the LETTER of correct
answer in the appropriate place.
A. Person undertaking the study
B. Weight, Height
C. Person contributing information
D. Information gathered
E. Simple random sampling
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F. Stratified sampling
G. Convenience sample
H. Cluster sampling
I. Number of cases of measles in a week
Statements:
1. [ Continuous variable
2. [ ] Data
3. [ ] Study participant
4. [ ] Investigator
5. [ ] Discrete variable
6. [ ] Used when the population is homogenous
7. [ ] Used when the characteristics are not equally
8. [ ] Used when the population is divided into subgroups
9. [ ] subjects have no equal chances of being selected
10. [ ] Samples in which randomization is absent
11. [ ] selection of study groups instead of individuals.
Part III: give short answers to all questions in this section.
1. What are the reasons for doing Research?
2. Classification of health research?
3. Factors affect selection of study population
4. What are the characteristics of specific objectives?
5. What are the elements of the methodology of the research?
6. The common instruments used for data collection in clinical & epidemiological research
included-:
Part IV: Short Structured Answer Questions, answer all questions,
1. You want to conduct a study to estimate the proportion of malnutrition for under- five
years children in Khartoum State. Your sample size was calculated and found to be 768
children. Please write down:
1. Title
2. Five variables
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3. General objective
4. Two specific objectives
5. Three inclusion criteria
6. Three exclusion criteria
7. Study design
8. Study population
9. Study are
10. How the sample size is calculated & explain
