Advanced Programming
CSE 201
Instructor: Sambuddho
(Semester: Monsoon 2025)
Week 1 – Introduction and Basics
Introduction
• What is this course about ? – Introduction to OOP
(using Java)
• Course outline:
Basics of Java.
Classes and objects.
Inheritance.
Polymorphism.
Abstract classes.
Interfaces.
Exceptions and exception handling.
Collections.
I/O operations.
Multithread programming and synchronizations
Basics of design patterns.
Introduction
• Evaluations:
Assignments: 20% (total 4 assignments)
Quizzes: 10% (best 5 out of 6; 3 before midsem and
3 after midsem)
Midsem exam: 25%
Final exam: 25%
Project: 20% (in pairs)
Note about quizes: Must do attempt 2 before midsem
and 2 after midsem.
Textbook(s): (1) Core Java : Fundamentals, Volume I by
Horstmann. Pearson (2) Core Java : Advanced Topics, Volume II by
Horstmann. Pearson
Office hours: TBA.
Procedural Programming
• Most natural progression from algorithms to code.
• Program: set of functions, one calls another in a
fixed sequence.
• Abstract information is mapped to its storage.
Variables are actual memory locations based on
types.
• Convenient for simple procedures – best choice for
code e.g. device drivers, operating system etc.
• Not convenient for large application programs where
abstractions are a must.
What is OOP?
It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of “objects”, which
may contain data in the form of fields, often known as attributes; and
code, in the form of procedures, often known as methods
(Wikipedia)
What is OOP?
class
car
Properties / Attributes Method
fuel reFuel() getFuel()
maxspeed setSpeed() getSpeed()
OOP Features
• Encapsulation
• Method overloading
• Inheritance
• Abstraction
• Method overriding
• Polymorphism
Advantages of OOP
• Code reuse and recycling
– Objects can easily be reused
• Design benefits
– Extensive planning phase results better design and
lesser flaws
• Software maintenance
– Easy to incorporate changes in legacy code (e.g.,
supporting a new hardware)
• Simplicity
Abstraction
The main
The mainthing
thing
is Howto to
is How drivedrive
a car ……
How the car is
moving and how
the engine is
working, this
information is
hidden.
(Abstraction)
Basics of Java Programming Language
• Installing Java on Windows/Linux/MacOS/*nix
Oracle/Sun Java JDK (proprietary – you only get the compiler and
runtime)
OpenJDK/OpenJRE (open source – you can compile from the source)
Basics of Java Programming Language
• My first program:
• - Everything is a “class”.
• - The file name and classname
• must be the same.
• - [Link]
• - Java compilation:
• $ java [Link]
• - Program runs in the JVM:
• $ java Welcome
• Syntax very similar to
• C/C++.
Java vs C/C++
• - Machine indepenedent.
• - Runs on a Java Virtual Machine (JRE) which understands a special
byte-code format.
• - Doesn’t run on bare metal.
• - High portability (Java/Python) vs performance (C/C++).
• - Is Java a compiled or an interpreted language ?
Java: Types (Integer)
Java: Types (Floating point)
Java: Type casts/conversions
- Conversions without information loss
double → int [allowed by there wold be information
loss]
Java: Bitwise Operators
• & (‘and’)
• | (‘or’)
• ^ (‘xor’)
• ~ (‘not’)
• << (‘left shift’)
• >> (‘right shift’)
Java: Operator Precedence and Hierarcy.
Java: Abstract Data Types (Strings)
• - ‘String’ abstract type.
• - Behaves like an immutable C++ string.
• Substrings:
String greetings = “Hello”;
String s = [Link](0,3);
• Concatenation:
• String greeting1 = “Hello”;
• String greeting2 = “World”;
• String message = greeting1 + greeting2;
• Testing string equality:
• equals() method of String class used for testing equality of two
strings.
• <string object1>.equals(<string object2>)
• Output: boolean (true or false).
String Builder
String builder = new StringBuilder();
[Link](ch);
[Link](str);
String longString = [Link]();
Basic I/O
- Read input from stdin and write to stdout.
- Class ‘Scanner’
import [Link].*;
Scanner in = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]() <-- boolean
[Link]() <-- boolean
Basic I/O
- Read input from stdin and write to stdout.
- Class ‘Scanner’
import [Link].*;
Scanner in = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]() <-- boolean
[Link]() <-- boolean
[Link]() <-- Java adaptation to C/C++ stdio printf()
Basic I/O
Basic I/O (printf format
specifier)
Control Flows
- if else
- while()
- for()
- switch case
- do{ }while()
- break and continue
Semantics same as C/C++
Scope
- Determines the point in the code upto which a variable/function name
etc. are valid.
- Global / local
- Also associated with functions inside a class.
- Java is more conservative about scopes than C/C++.
Arrays and References
• - Contiguous ``allocate memory’’
• int[] arr = new int[100]; //new keyword mandatory.
• - Reference: much like pointers in C/C++ - Name of the object or
array.
• int[] arr = new int[100];
• int[] myref;
• myref = arr; // myref → arr : reference.
Multidimensional Arrays
<type>[][] <var-name>;
int[][] marray;
marray = new int [100];
for (int i=0;i<100;i++){
marray[i] = new int[100];
…
}
