POETR

O Captain! My Captain! .. yimer

O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done,

The ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we

sought is won,
The port is near, the bells | hear, the people all exult
ing,
While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and darin
g;
But O heart! heart! heart!

0O the bleeding drops of red,

Where on the deck my Captain lies,

Fallen cold and dead.

O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells;

Rise up—for you the flag is flung—for you the bugle trills,

For you bouquets and ribbon’d wreaths—for you the shores a-crowding,

For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning;

Here Captain! dear father!

This arm beneath your head!

It is some dream that on the deck,

You've fallen cold and dead.

My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still,

My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will,

The ship is anchor’d safe and sound, its voyage closed and done,

From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;

Exult O shores, and ring O bells!

But | with mournful tread,

Walk the deck my Captain lies,

Fallen cold and dead.

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 "O Captain! My Captain!" is a famous poem by Walt Whitman. It was written in 1865,.
right after the American Civil War. The poem is a tribute to Abraham Lincoln, who was the US§,
President at the time. Whitman admired Lincoln a lot. In the poem, Lincoln is tfie captain of a
ship, which represents America. The ship has gone through a rough journey, symbolising the Civil
War, but has reached the harbour safely. The poem is full of emotion. Whitman uses simple but
powerful words to express his feelings. The phrase "O Captain! My Captain!" is repeated, showing
the
respect and love for Lincoln. The captain is not just any leader; he's "my" captain, making
relationship personal.

However, the poem is also very sad. Even though the ship is safe, the captain is dead.
The
This reflects the real life loss of Lincoln, who was assassinated just as the Civil War ended.
mood changes from happiness about the end of the war to sorrow for the loss of the great leader.
Whitman also uses vivid imagery. He talks about "the prize we sought is won," meaning the end
of slavery and the preservation of the Union. But this came at a high cost, which was the death
of the captain. The ship is a metaphor for the United States, and the "fearful trip" is the turbulent
to be
time of the Civil War. The poem is also known for its rhythmic flow. The lines are structured
but a
read with feeling. This adds another layer to the poem, making it not just words on a page,
heartfelt cry. It's like you can hear the waves and feel the ship moving.

Conclusion: "O Captain! My Captain!" is a powerful poem that captures the emotional depth of a
while mourning the
nation in transition. It celebrates the end of a dark period in American history
and tragedy, making it one of
loss of a leader who could not see the new era. It's a mix of triumph
the most memorable works by Walt Whitman.
 Poetry : O Captain! My Cugmlnll

Who is addressed as ‘captain’ in the poem ‘O Captain! My Captain’, and Why?

swer :

'Walt W}utman born on May 31, 1819, in New York, was a highly influential American poet,
ayist, and journalist. Known as the “father of free verse.” Whitman's impact on poetry continues
be recognised and celebrated today. His ability to capture the essence of the American experience
a way that was both personal and universal has made his work timeless and continues to inspire
ets and writers all over the world.
The poet calls President Abraham Lincoln the “ Captain” - This makes us think of Lincoln as
strong leader who guided the country like a captain guides a ship. He led the U.S. through a very
gh time called the Civil War.
By calling Lincoln a captain, Whitman shows how important and brave Lincoln was. But
e poem is also very sad because it talks about Lincoln’s death. Whitman uses the idea of a ship
ithout a captain to show how lost and sad the country felt without Lincoln. The poem is a way to
emember all the good things Lincoln did and how much people missed him after he died.
2. ‘The ship is anchor’d safe and sound, its voyage closed and done.’ What do the ship and
the voyage symbolise?
nswer :
Walt Whitman, born on May 31, 1819, in New York, was a highly influential American poet,
essayist, and journalist. Known as the “father of free verse.” Whitman's impact on poetry continues
0 be recognised and celebrated today. His ability to capture the essence of the American experience
away that was both personal and universal has made his work timeless and continues to inspire
poets and writers all over the world.
In the line “The ship is anchor’d safe and sound, its voyage closed and done,” the ship and
the voyage are symbols, or pictures, that stand for something else.
The ship represents the United States, and the voyage stands for the Civil War. When the
poem says the ship is anchored and the voyage is done, it means that the Civil War has ended
and the country is now at peace. The fighting is over, and the nation is safe, like a ship that has
completed a long and dangerous journey.
Q3. What does the phrase ‘fearful trip’ refer to? What was ‘the prize ... sought’ that they
have won?
Answer :
Walt Whitman, born on May 31, 1819, in New York, was a highly influential American poet,
essayist, and journalist. Known as the “father of free verse:” Whitman's impact on poetry continues
to be recognised and celebrated today. His ability to capture the essence of the American experience
in a way that was both personal and universal has made his work timeless and continues to inspire
poets and writers all over the world. )
In Walt Whitman's poem, “O Captain! My Captain!”, the words “fearful trip” mean the scary
and tough time of the Civil War. It was a really hard period for the country, with a lot of fighting.
The “prize” mentioned in the poem is like a big win or reward. It stands for the good things
that happened after the war, like the country staying together and the end of slavery.
In simple terms, the poem talks about how hard the war was and how happy people wi
to see the good changes that came after it. It's like going through a really hard journey and
getting something really great at the end.
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 3 [LGENERAL ENGLISH (PAPER-II)
Q4.

Answer
Why does the poet refer to his experience as ‘some dream!’

:
"?1s he dreamingy £ XplIt
4 A

Walt Whitman, born on May 31, 1819, in New York was a highly influential An
essayist, and journalist. Known as the “father of free verse.” Whitman's imipact of bagh
to be recognised and celebrated today. His ability to capture the essence of theAmerican expere.
ina way that was both personal and universal has made his work timeless and Confinues
poets and writers all over the world. toins

In “O Captain! My Captain!” by Walt Whitman, he compares the experience to “son "

dream” :
to show how unreal and shocking President Lincoln’s ‘some
assassination was. The happin,
of preserving the Union is overshadowed by the sad loss of
the leader. The reference to a dl:z:mess
not real, but it's a way to express how unbelievable and emotionally confusing the moment wals
It's like feeling joy and victory, and suddenly it turns into sorrow and
loss. The poet uses lh:s
metaphor to convey the pain of accepting harsh reality.
Q5. What does the speaker ask the ‘captain’ to do? Why doesn’t
the latter respond?
Answer :

Walt Whitman, born on May 31, 1819, in New York was a highly influential
American Ppoet,
essayist, and journalist. Known as the “father of free verse.” Whitman’s impact on
poetry continues
to be recognised and celebrated today. His ability to capture the essence of the American experienc
e
inaway that was both personal and universal has made his work timeless and continues to inspire
poets and writers all over the world.
In the poem “O Captain! My Captain!”, the speaker is asking the captain to get up and
celebrate because they have won. But the captain can’t answer because he’s dead. This part of the
poem is like a story about President Abraham Lincoln being killed.
The speaker’s asking and the captain’s not answering show how sad and empty people felt
when Lincoln died. He had led the country throughareally hard time, and then he was gonejustwhen
things were getting better. The poem helps us understand how much people loved and missed him.

Q1. Describe the grief that the speaker in the poem expresses at the death of the ‘captain’.
Answer :

Walt Whitman, born on May 31, 1819, in New York, was a highly influential American poet,
essayist, and journalist. Known as the “father of free verse.” Whitman’s impact on poetry continues
to be recognised and celebrated today. His ability to capture the essence of the American
experience
in away that was both personal and universal has made his work timeless and continues to inspire
poets and writers all over the world.
. In the poem “O Captain! My Captain!” by Walt Whitman, the speaker
is very sad because the
caMn, who represents President Lincoln, is dead.
The words in the' poem make you see and
how lifeless the captain is and how much the speaker
wants him to get up and walk around again.
ut he can’t because he’s gone.

The P"Em ‘talks about how everyone in the country was sad when Lincoln died.
They had
on the Civil War and saved the country, but then
they lost the person who had led them
]gh it. So even though people were happy about winning, they were also
very sad about losing
In. L s "
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._)
e S P :0Ca | My Captainl
The poem also fnakes us think about what Lincoln wanted to do for the country, like keeping
it together and stopping slavery. When he died, it was like those dreams and ideas died too.
Whitman uses words that help you really feel how sad and complicated everything was at
that time. It's a poem that helps you understand why people loved Lincoln so much and how much
they missed him when he was gone.

Conclusion: “O Captain! My Captain!” is a poem about feeling really sad about losing a great
leader. It shows how much one person can mean to a whole country and how hard it can be to
move on when they’re gone.

Q2. Describe in your own words the scene at the port. Why are ‘the people at the port
exulting'?

Answer :

Walt Whitman, born on May 31, 1819, in New York, was a highly influential American poet,
essayist, and journalist. Known as the “father of free verse.” Whitman's impact on poetry continues
to be recognised and celebrated today. His ability to capture the essence of the American experi-
ence in a way that was both personal and universal has made his work timeless and continues to
inspire poets and writers all over the world.

In Walt Whitman’s “O Captain! My Captain!” the scene at the port is full of contrasting
emotions: joy and sorrow. The majority of people are celebrating with great excitement, cheering,
ringing bells, and flying flags as a ship safely arrives. This symbolizes the end of the Civil War and
the preservation of the Union, bringing a sense of relief and victory.
But at the same time, there’s something really sad. The captain of the ship, who is like Presi-
dent Lincoln, is dead. So, in the poem, there are people celebrating a victory, but there’s also sad-
ness because a great leader has died. Whitman writes the poem in a way that makes you feel both
the happiness and the sadness, all mixed together.

Conclusion: “O Captain! My Captain!” is a poem about feeling really sad for losing a great leader.
1t shows how much one person can mean to a whole country and how hard it can be to move on
when they're gone.

Q3. Explain in detail the central inage/symbol/metaphor of the Whitman’s poem ‘O Captain!
My Captain!’.

Answer :

Walt Whitman, born on May 31, 1819, in New York, was a highly influential American poet,
essayist, and journalist. Known as the “father of free verse.” Whitman’s impact on poetry continues
to be recognised and celebrated today. His ability to capture the essence of the American experi
in a way that was both personal and universal has made his work timeless and continues to i
poets and writers all over the world.

Walt Whitman’s poem “O Cap'aih! My Captain!;‘ is filled with rich symboli

central image that stands out is the metaphor of the ship and its captain.
The Ship: The ship in the poem stands for the United States. Like a ship going
storm, the country was having a hard time during the Civil War. The ship's j
struggles, conflicts, and challenges faced by the natiori. When the ship fi
safely, it symbolises the end of the war.
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 [ 8 ] GENERAL ENGLISH
The Captain: The captain of the ship is a symbol for President Abraham Lincoln. As the cay
guides the ship, Lincoln guides the nation. He was the leader steering the country throy,
Civil War, making tough decisions, and working towards unity and the abolition of slay, 7
captain’s death in the poem symbolises Lincoln’s assassination or murder, a tragic w:’;tlnl
occurred just as the war was ending.
a personal touch, maki ;
Calling Lincoln the “captain” emphasises his leadership role and adds
the readers feel a connection with him.

The Voyage: The voyage of the ship is a symbol for the journey of the country through the Civil
War. The phrase “fearful trip” describes the dangers and difficulties faced during this period. The
war was a time of division, violence, and uncertainty, and the voyage captures these emotions. The
s
completion of the voyage symbolizes the end of these troubles and the country’s move toward
healing and reconciliation.
the public’s reaction to the
The Port: The scene at the port, with people celebrating, symbolizes
when the war was over. But
end of the war. It reflects the joy, relief, and hope that many people felt
and private grief, as the speaker
the port also serves as a setting for the contrast between public joy
mourns the captain’s death amid the celebrations.
contrast between victory and loss, joy and
The Contrast: Throughout the poem, there’s a stark
success, the captain’s death symbolises tragedy.
sorrow. While the ship’s safe arrival symbolises time.
shows the different feelings people had at that
The ship is safe, but the captain is dead. This
losing a great
is a poem about feeling really sad about
Conclusion: “O Captain! My Captain!” hard it can be to
can mean to a whole country and how
leader. It shows how much one person
move on when they’re gone.

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 Mallika Srinivasan — Anton Chekhoy

Mallika Srinivasan is a big name in the tractor business in India. She is the CEO of a company
called TAFE and has won many awards. She was even called the “Tractor Queen.” Mallika grew up
inabusiness family and always wanted to learn about it. Even though her dad suggested she study
literature, she chose to study economics and then got an MBA from a top school in the US.

When she joined her family’s company in 1986, her dad told her she would have to earn her

place. Her office was just a small space at the end of a hall. Her dad and other workers weren't
impressed just because she had a fancy degree. But Mallika didn't give up. She learned from people
who had been in the business longer and started using her knowledge to help the company grow.

Under her leadership, the company became really successful. They started making way more
tractors and even bought another big company. Mallika made smart choices, like investing in new
ideas even when money was tight. This helped TAFE make a profit when other companies were
struggling.

However, Mallika did experience major trials during the company’s explosive growth. In
the late 2000s, her father passed away. Her father had been her anchor and her rock, nudging her
in the right direction and always available to bestow advice and constructive criticism. Indeed,
it was his words that had always motivated her to push TAFE to become a major player in the
tractor industry. Months after her father's death, her sister passed away. Even with two major
losses within her family, she was still able to steer the company without letting her personal grief
overwhelm her professional responsibilities. In 2008, her mother passed away. Mallika Srinivasan
had lost the family she had grown up with. And she managed anyway, taking over the burden of
the family business with dignity and grace. The way in which she managed the company during
that period was a source of inspiration for many of her employees.

Conclusion: Mallika Srinivasan shows that with hard work, the right skills, and a never-give-up

attitude, we can reach big goals. Even when life was tough, she kept going and made her company
a success. She is a role model for many people, especially women in business.

(wm:wrmmumwai.mmnmwmhm»mmm)
 1. From your reading of the above biography, list three qualities that you think Mallika
Srinivasan possess.

nswer :

rom the biography of Mallika Srinivasan, three qualities that she possesses are:

Resilience and Determination: Despite initial setbacks and her father’s lack of confidence
her academic qualifications, she remained determined to prove herself in the family business,
ventually transforming it into a global player.

b. Strategic Thinking: Her decision to prioritise research and development during an economic
downturn and to explore new markets through export strategies reflects her strategic mindset and
ability to navigate complex business environments.

c. Emotional Strength: Despite suffering personal losses, including the passing of close
family members, she managed to maintain her professional responsibilities and continue to lead
her company with dignity and grace. She served as a source of inspiration and resilience for her
employees and colleagues.

Q2. In Pre-Reading Question 2, You were asked to name some women business leaders.
Choose any one person from the women mentioned in class, and write a paragraph
(about 10-12 sentences) how she made it big in her chosen field. Read out your
paragraph to rest of the class. :

Answer :

Indra Nooyi is an inspiring business leader who served as the CEO of PepsiCo from 2006
to 2018. Born in India, she graduated from the Yale School of Management and joined PepsiCo in
1994. As CEO, she transformed the company’s global strategy, emphasising healthier products
and expanding into emerging markets. Under her leadership, PepsiCo’s revenue increased by
80%, reflecting her strategic brilliance. Nooyi was known for her innovative thinking and strong
focus on sustainability. Her commitment to corporate responsibility made her one of the world’s
most influential businesswomen. Even after stepping down
as CEO, she continues to be a role
model for aspiring leaders, particularly women, showing them what can be achieved with hard
work, determination, and vision. Her leadership style is often characterised by a blend of intellect,
empathy, and global thinking, making her an admired figure in the global business community.

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 GLISH (PAPER
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q1. ‘Listen young lady, you might be a Wharton graduate, but | don’t need
What does it mean? one to ryy,,
business.’ Who said this to whom, and when?
Answer :
tractor I’
, led the company to success as a 0P
Mallika Srinivasan, CEO of India’s TAFE
wo
A graduate of Madras University and Wharton, she’s won awards like the BBC B“Siness
"
the Year and Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year. Her leadership and charity work m::
a notable person in Indian business.
The statement Listen, young lady, you might be a Wharton graduate, but I don't neeq one
to run my business” was said by Mallika Srinivasan’s father to Mallika herself when she joined
the family business, TAFE, in 1986. This statement reflects her father’s disregard for academic
credentials in comparison to real-world experience and wisdom. Though Mallika was armed with
a prestigious MBA from Wharton, her father emphasised that managing the business required
hands-on experience and practical knowledge, not just theoretical insights from business school, Jt
served as a reality check and a challenge for Mallika to prove her worth in the family business.
Q2. How did senior colleagues at TAFE treat Mallika Srinivasan? What effect did this have
on her?
Answer :
Mallika Srinivasan, CEO of India’s TAFE, led the company to success as a top tractor maker.
A graduate of Madras University and Wharton, she’s won awards like the BBC Businesswomarn
of the Year and Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year. Her leadership and charity work make
her a notable person in Indian business Mallika Srinivasan’s senior colleagues at TAFE treated
her with sincerity and honesty. They did not hesitate to communicate openly with her, e‘m"“
that meant pointing out mistakes, as they had known her since she was a little girl. This candid
and understand
approach had a positive effect on Mallika. It allowed her to recognise her errors
her position in the company better. This environment of frank and constructive feedback helped
her grow as a business leader. It motivated her to learn from the more experienced staff and apply
that knowledge to contribute to the company’s growth without any resentment or bitterness. Her
i
ion :vl with he er senior
interactions
> g
colleagues played a significant role in 7
& shaping 4
her into a su cCes!

Q3. In what ways did Mallika Srinivasan’s mother and father contribute to her career?
Answer : 4

tractor fi:
A graduate of f/rl::::: :Inr;;sf:s)x?; alfi?ii;;lsleE' led the company to success as a top
the Year and Emst & Young Enr ton, she’s won awards like the BBC Business WOlt o
a notable personin Indian busmeses]j)reneur of the Year, Her leadership and charity work
%
Mallika Srini '
business, Chafls:l.lgx:]r‘ll asa?::ls pa;entsi played crucial roles in her career. Her father introduced hudllk?
family business. Mefnwhx';:oh:: tr:\r:)gt.:eerr o ex‘:l. His leadership lessons helped her succ b

Ao s e s Tt At ol e
£4 : Aol Provided unwayerj ring her MBA j¢ i
2 remarkable s v ibuti i
and support, shaped Mallika into a successful ilrl:ic::;i:
ot peossir STRCEE
list.
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 Prose : Malllka Srinivasan
Q4. What decisions did Mallika Srinivasan make during spells of economic downturn?
How did these decisions benefit the company?
Answer :
Mallika Srinivasan, 'CEO of India’s TAFE, led the company to success as a top tractor maker.
A graduate of Madras University and Wharton, she’s won awards like the BBC Businesswoman of
the Year and Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year, Her leadership and charity work make her
anotable person in Indian business.

During economic downturns, Mallika Srinivasan made strategic decisions that benefited
TAFE. Instead of cutting investments, she focused on research and development to be ready
with competitive models when the market recovered. This approach led TAFE to make a profit
while others struggled. Mallika also emphasised exports, expanding globally by setting up a
manufacturing plant in Turkey and planning supply to Africa. Her decisions kept TAFE afloat and
positioned the company for success in the future.
Her leadership showed resilience, foresight, and innovation, contributing to the ongoing
growth of the company.

Q1. Write a note on the various efforts made by Mallika Srinivasan to help TAFE become a
market leader.
Answer :
Mallika Srinivasan, CEO of India’s TAFE, led the company to success as a top tractor maker.
A graduate of Madras University and Wharton, she’s won awards like the BBC Businesswoman of
the Year and Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year. Her leadership and charity work make her
anotable person in Indian business.
Mallika Srinivasan’s leadership at TAFE (Tractors and Farm Equipment) is marked by a
series of innovative efforts that have helped the company become a market leader in the tractor
industry. 4
Mallika Srinivasan worked hard to make TAFE amodern company with the latest technology,
making it a top choice for farmers. She put money into creating new models and staying ahead of
her competitors. She bought another company, Eicher Motors, in 2005, which helped TAFE grow
even more.
Wanting to reach more people, Mallika set up a factory in Turkey in 2010 and planned to
supply Africa. She also worked with AGCO Corporation to sell products in the U.S., making TAFE
a global name. L
Even during tough economic times, Mallika focused on selling products to other countries.
This strategy helped the company make money and find new opportunities. Under her leadership,
TAFE's turnover grew a lot. In 1986, it was Rs 86 crore, but by 2010, it was Rs 5800 crore. Mallika’s
smart decisions were a big part of this success. Mallika's strength and ability to lead, even during
personal losses like the deaths of family members, were very impressive. She made sure the
company did well without letting her sadness get in the way. She also thought about how to keep
the company growing in a good way. By putting money into research and new ideas, even when
times were tough, she helped the company do well when things got better.
In the end, Mallika’s leadership at TAFE is known for smart thinking, always wanting
improve, reaching people all over the world, and being strong no matter what the situation i
hard work and vision have made her known as the “Tractor Queen” in her industry.
Conclusion: Mallika Srinivasan’s success story in business is inspiring. It's not only
achievements but also a clear example of what can be done with determination and good
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 (PAPER-II) !
GENERAL ENGLISH
What s
Q2. What setbacks did Mallika Srinivasan face in her personal life?
; nsp|
about her response to these setbacks?
Answer :
as a o 3
TAFE, led the company to success
Mallika Srinivasan, CEO of India’s
A graduate of Madras University and Wharton, she’s won awards like the BBC Busiy
the Year and Emnst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year. Her leadership and charity work.
a notable person in Indian business. Mallika Srinivasan faced significant setbacks in hfl'
life, particularly concerning the loss of close family members.
Loss of Her Father: Her father played abigrolein herlife, helping her personally and profesg

His support and kind words helped her work hard to be successful. When she lm!‘lim
the late 2000s, it could have really affected how she led the company. But instead, she rem;
what he taught her and kept pushing TAFE to do well, keeping his memory alive.
Loss of Her Sister: Soon after losing her father, Mallika also lost her sister. Losing two close
family members one after the other could have been too much for her, but she kept her emotions in
check and kept leading the company. Her personal sadness didn’t get in the way of her work and
responsibilities.

Loss of Her Mother: In 2008, she suffered another devastating loss when her mother passed away.
Her mother had been a great support for her, even accompanying her to America to care for her
daughter while Mallika attended MBA classes. The loss of her mother marked the loss of her entire
immediate family, with whom she had grown up.
Initial Treatment at TAFE: In her early days at TAFE, Mallika faced some tough challenges,
including a lack of support from her father and less-than-ideal working conditions. Even her
father’s words, telling her that he didn’t need a Wharton graduate to run his business, could have
to
stopped her in her tracks. But instead of giving up, she used those challenges as motivation
prove herself.
Conclusion: Mallika Srinivasan’s success story in business is inspiring. It'’s not only about dieg
achievements but also a clear example of what can be done with determination and good Jeadership-
Q3. Draw a character sketch of Mallika Srinivasan on the basis of this biography-
Answer :

Mallika Srinivasan, CEO of India’s TAFE, led the company to success as a top tractor maker-
A graduate of Madras University and Wharton, she’s won awards like the BBC Busin esswoman of
the Year and Emst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year. Her leadership and charity work ‘make her
a notable person in Indian business.
Mallika Srinivasan's
character, as depicted in the biography, i ; d inspirational
Here's a sketch highlighting some key aspects: SRS et
Strong and Focused: Mallika faced many Fhélle
nges in her personal life and at the start 0%
career, but she never gave up, Her
stron g will and determination helped
company in the market, her make TAFE2 leads
Smart and Well-Edu
-} cated: : Malliika studied hard, earning an MA in econometrics
from Wharton School, Thi
deit hdahi i g s shows h
andi an o
i
T © how much she values education, Her smart choices in bus
iness
Creative Leader: Under Mallika’
s guidance, TAFE tured into
a modern company that focuse S
tfechnology. Her smart thinking and
times and come out even stronger.
abili ty to see the future helped the company get throught tough
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 . - Prose : Mallika Srinivasan|
flmimmhu s close relationship with her family is evident in the biography.
AN mother’s support, and her sister’s connection played essential roles
shaping her. She maintained her familial commitments while building her career.
Kindand Fair: Her interactions with senior collea gues at TAFE, who treated her with honesty
and smfy, shaped her approach. She was not above learning from others and appreciating her
position in the company.
Glo.bal Thinker: Malllika had big plans for TAFE that went beyond just India. By making smart
the world, she helped
business deals, focusing on exports, and forming partnerships around
the company reach people in many different countries. Her thinking was wide-ranging and far-
;
reaching.
sing,
Kind and Fair: The loss of her immediate family within a short span could have been paraly
it overw helm her profes sional
but Mallika’s graceful handling of her grief, without letting
responsibilities, reveals her strong character and emotional stability.

Driven to Succeed: Mallika started in a small, unremarkable office,

but her strong ambition led her
Her ability to greatly increase the
to grow TAFE into a well-known name in the tractor business.
skill and understanding of business.
company’s profits and make them stronger shows her
her
tion, she remained grounded, learning from
Down-to-Earth: Despite her success and educa
colleagues and putting her knowledge topractical use rather than flaunting her qualifications.
in business is inspiring. It’'s not only about her
Conclusion: Mallika Srinivasan’s success story
evements but also a clear example of what can
be done with determination and good leadership.
achi
 o, B -
ADDITIONAL READlNG.
Jadav Payeng
Summary
|fl;‘flv Payeng, also known as the "Forest Man of India," has spent 40 years planting trees
d transforming barren land into a lush forest, It all started in 1979, when he saw dead snakes
hshed up after a flood in the Brahmaputra River. Worried about the effects of soil erosion and a
k of tree cover, he decided to take action,

e fi t i.oined fa tree-planting effort on Majuli Island, the world's largest river island. Even when
he (.thclal project was abandoned, he continued to plant trees, For 30 years, he worked alone,
aking up early and spending his day planting and caring for trees. He dropped out of school to
evote himself to this mission.
Jadav's forest, known as Molai Forest, is now a thriving ecosystem, home to various wildlife
ke elephants, tigers, and deer. The forest became well-known only after 2008, when a herd of
lephants entered it. Surprised officials discovered it was the work of one man. Jadav also stood
up against locals who wanted to cut down the forest and protected it from poachers.
a living by selling
While taking care of the forest remains his primary mission, Jadat makes
the natural food
ilk and growing vegetables. Despite losing some cattle to tigers, he believes in
onal attention, earning him
hain and does not resent the animals. His work has gained internati
the subject of several
itles like 'Forest Man of India' and a Padma Shri award. He's also been
documentaries and books.
person can make a significant impact on
Conclusion: Jadav Payeng is a living example of how one
a forest, provided a home for various animals,
the environment. He transformed a barren land into
of nurturing nature, and
and inspired people g lobally. For him, the work is a never-ending cycle
e of planting trees as part of their
younger generation should take up the mantl
he believes that the
of individual effort and dedication.
education. His life's work shows the power
age:
Here are some key points from the pass
tionist from Assam, India.
4 Jadav Payeng is a forest conserva
1979.
bar in the Brahmaputra River in
& He began planting trees ona sand
t abandoned 3 1 .
next 30 years, even after the governmen
& He continued to plant trees for the
the project.
of wildlife.
as Molai Forest, is home to a variety
g The forest he created, now known
, including the Padma Shri.
® Payen, g's work has been rec
ognised with several a wards
ication to the environn
all over the world for his dedi
H He is an inspir ation to people

Anyone found
of this book is a CRIMINAL act.
(Warning : Xerox/Photocopying
 JLGENERAL ENGLISH (PAPER-III)

QUESTIONS AND ANSWEES

Answer :
Jadav Payeng is a remarkable environmental activist from the state of Assam, I ¥
as the “Forest Man of India.” His unwavering dedication to planting trees began i!l'1979dh' M
was just a teenager. Disturbed by the death of reptiles due to a lack of tree cover, he m;w n
life’s mission to transform a barren sandbar along the Brahmaputra River into a (hfiving f:;t

Majuli Island is located on the Brahmaputra River and is the world’s largest river "
covering almost 1000 hectares. It was constantly under threat of submersion due to Widespread
erosion caused by the flooding of the river during monsoons. o
Q2. Where does Jadav Payeng live? What is his main source of livelihood?
Answer : g
Jadav Payeng is a remarkable environmental activist from the state of Assam, India, known
as the “Forest Man of India.” His unwavering dedication to planting trees began in 1979, whenhe
was just a teenager. Disturbed by the death of reptiles due to a lack of tree cover, he made it his
life’s mission to transform a barren sandbar along the Brahmaputra River into a thriving forest.
Jadav Payeng lives with his wife and three children in a small hut near the forest he created,
known as the Molai Forest. His main source of livelitood is selling milk from his cowsand buffaloes.
He also has a small farm where he raises these animals and grows vegetables.
Q3. Name some of the trees and animals found in Molai Forest.?
Answer :
Jadav Payeng is a remarkable environmental activist from the state of Assam, India, knownt
as the “Forest Man of India.” His unwavering dedication to planting trees began in 1979, Wh:fl‘ ;:
was just a teenager. Disturbed by the death of reptiles due to a lack of tree cover, he made it
life’s mission to transform a barren sandbar along the Brahmaputra River into a thriving forest:

The Molai Forest, also known as Jadav Payeng’s Forest, is home to a variety of trees, ?’l&
bamboo being the most common. It also houses elephants, rhinoceroses, Bengal tigers: and varios®
species of deer and birds.
Q4. ‘Jadav has admitted to losing a number of his cattle to the tigers in the forest, buth®
doesn’t resent them or get angry about it’. Why?
it
Answer :
Jadav Payeng is a remarkable e, i
nvironmental activist from the state of Assam, Indid. i Wit
as the “Forest Man of India.”
His un
was just a teenager. Disturbed
by th di i
life’s mission to transform a barr:
’n whe-mede e L
haini and doesn’t . on hiss €@ cattle:
He understands that humans N N resent the tigers for preying .
wild animals. NS, as superior beings, should not disrupt the ecosystem by v

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 Additional Reading : Jaday fl
Q@5. How has Jadav Paysng_'s work been recognised?

Answer :

Jadav Payeng is a remarkable environmental activist from the state of Assam, India, known
when he
as the “Forest Man of India.” His unwavering dedication to planting trees began in 1979,
he made it his
was just a teenager. Disturbed by the death of reptiles due to a lack of tree cover,
forest.
life’s mission to transform a barren sandbar along the Brahmaputra River into a thriving
s made about hif
Jadav Payeng’s work has been recognised through various documentarie
Man of India’ at Jawaharlal Neh
and the Molai Forest. He was honoured with the title “Forest
Agricultural University 2
University and received honorary doctorate degrees from Assam io
in 2015 for his remarkable contrib
Kaziranga University. He was also awarded the Padma Shri L

to the environment.

d i
choose the correct option (a, b, ¢ or d), accor
A. For statements (i) and (i) given below,
the passage you have just read.
worked on his forest alone.
(i) For nearly three decades, Jadav
icially e xtended help to Jadav’s efforts.
(i) The state forest department off
t.
a. Only statement (i) is correc
rect.
b. Only statement (ii) is cor
correct.
c. Both statements are
not correct.
d. Both statements are
Answer :
not correct.
d. Both statements are of each ofthe fo
ny m (a wo rd tha t exp ress es the opposite meaning)
B. Find out the an to
have fust read. Use the antonym
in a sentence of your o