Ain Shams University
December 8,2023
Lab 1&2
Submitted by
• Abdelrahman Mohamed Hagag 20P7509
• Mohamed Ahmed Fathy 20P7427
• Mostafa Ibrahim Ali 20P3368 Introduction to Bio-
• Youssef Walied Barakat 20P7049
Mechatronics
• Yahia Ihab 20P8571
Presented to
• Eng Hamdy Osama
Table of Contents
PART (1) ........................................................................................................................................................ 2
The devices used in a gait lab and their usage. .......................................................................................... 2
Other applications that can use the hardware found in a gait lab. .............................................................. 2
1. Motion Capture (MoCap) in Film Production:............................................................................... 3
2. Human-Machine Interaction: ......................................................................................................... 4
3. Ergonomics and Workplace Design ............................................................................................... 5
4. VR and Gaming.............................................................................................................................. 7
Part (2) ............................................................................................................................................................ 9
Patient characteristics : ............................................................................................................................... 9
Temporal & spatial :................................................................................................................................... 9
Camera views : ......................................................................................................................................... 10
Lower body kinematics : .......................................................................................................................... 11
Lower body kinetics : ............................................................................................................................... 13
Lower body power generation and ground reaction :............................................................................... 14
Figure 1 CGI suit ______________________________________________________________________________ 3
Figure 2 Surgical robot _________________________________________________________________________ 4
Figure 3 Posture analysis ________________________________________________________________________ 6
Figure 4 VR gaming ___________________________________________________________________________ 8
Figure 5 Temporal & spatial data _________________________________________________________________ 9
Figure 6 Temporal & spatial data (simple view) ______________________________________________________ 9
Figure 7 3D render view _______________________________________________________________________ 10
Figure 8 Front view ___________________________________________________________________________ 10
Figure 9 Sagittal view _________________________________________________________________________ 10
Figure 10 Pelvis kinematics _____________________________________________________________________ 11
Figure 11 Hip kinematics ______________________________________________________________________ 11
Figure 12 Knee kinematics _____________________________________________________________________ 11
Figure 13 Ankle kinematics _____________________________________________________________________ 12
Figure 14 Foot kinematics ______________________________________________________________________ 12
Figure 15 Hip kinetics _________________________________________________________________________ 13
Figure 16 Knee kinetics ________________________________________________________________________ 13
Figure 17 Ankle kinetics _______________________________________________________________________ 13
Figure 18 Hip power gen. ______________________________________________________________________ 14
Figure 19 Knee power gen. _____________________________________________________________________ 14
Figure 20 Ankle power gen. ____________________________________________________________________ 15
Figure 21 Ground reaction ______________________________________________________________________ 15
[1]
PART (1)
The devices used in a gait lab and their usage.
• Motion Capture Systems:
Role: These systems use cameras and markers on the body to track and analyze three-
dimensional movement.
Gait Analysis Use: They provide detailed data on joint angles and gait patterns, enabling
thorough kinematic analysis during walking.
• Force Plates:
Role: Embedded in the floor, these measure ground reaction forces during walking.
Gait Analysis Use: They help assess gait symmetry, phases timing, and force distribution
between legs.
• Gait Analysis Software:
Role: Specialized software processes and analyzes data from multiple devices.
Gait Analysis Use: It integrates data for comprehensive reports, quantifies gait parameters,
and visualizes walking patterns.
• Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs):
Role: IMUs include sensors to measure body segment orientation and acceleration.
Gait Analysis Use: They provide portable options for motion capture and enable continuous
monitoring during various activities.
• Treadmills and Walkways:
Role: These facilitate controlled walking conditions for gait analysis.
Gait Analysis Use: Researchers use them to study gait specifics, adjust walking speed, and
observe parameter changes in different conditions.
.
[2]
Other applications that can use the hardware found in a gait lab.
1. Motion Capture (MoCap) in Film Production:
• Character Animation: MoCap systems capture intricate movements of actors
wearing specialized suits adorned with reflective markers. These markers are tracked
by cameras, precisely recording movements and expressions, resulting in lifelike
animations of characters in movies or games.
• Enhanced Realism: MoCap technology allows filmmakers to create more authentic
and natural movements for computer-generated characters. This technology brings
a level of realism and detail to animated characters that was previously challenging
to achieve through traditional animation techniques.
• Special Effects and Stunts: MoCap is used in
creating special effects sequences and
performing stunts in movies. It enables the
creation of dynamic action scenes and complex
movements that might be challenging or
dangerous to accomplish physically.
• Virtual Sets and Environments: MoCap extends
beyond character animation. It's used to capture
actors' movements in virtual sets or
environments, providing realistic interaction and
movement within digitally created worlds.
• Video Games and Interactive Media: MoCap
plays a significant role in the creation of video
game characters and environments, enabling
immersive and responsive gaming experiences.
• Costumes and Prosthetics: MoCap data collected
from gait labs helps in understanding how
costumes and prosthetic devices may affect
actors' movements and expressions, ensuring
that the characters' physicality remains
consistent.
Figure 1 CGI suit
[3]
2. Human-Machine Interaction:
• Robotic Motion and Control: Motion capture systems provide data to design and
control robots that mimic human movements more accurately. This aids in creating
robots capable of performing delicate tasks or interacting safely in human-centric
environments.
• Humanoid Robots: Robotics heavily utilizes gait analysis principles to create
humanoid robots that replicate human walking patterns, enabling these robots to
navigate and interact in human environments more naturally.
• Rehabilitation Robotics: Robotics combined with motion analysis contribute to the
development of robotic devices used in rehabilitation, providing tailored assistance
and therapy to patients recovering from injuries or surgeries.
• Industrial Automation: Robotics powered by HMI principles helps design
collaborative robots (cobots) that can work alongside humans safely, improving
efficiency and safety in manufacturing and industrial settings.
• Surgical Robotics: Gait analysis technology aids in the development of robotic
systems used in minimally invasive surgeries, providing surgeons with more precise
and controlled movements during procedures.
Figure 2 Surgical robot
[4]
3. Ergonomics and Workplace Design
Role of Gait Lab Technology in Ergonomics and Workplace Design:
• Understanding Human Movement: Motion capture systems and IMUs help in analyzing and
understanding how humans move, their body mechanics, and posture during various
activities. This knowledge is crucial in designing workspaces that support natural
movements and minimize stress on the body.
• Workspace Layout and Design: Gait analysis tools aid in assessing the impact of different
workstation setups on body posture and movements. This information helps in designing
ergonomic workstations, seating arrangements, and equipment placement to reduce the risk
of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and fatigue.
• Tools for Design Validation: Biomechanical analysis tools assist in evaluating ergonomic
designs virtually before physical implementation. This allows designers to identify potential
issues and make necessary adjustments to ensure optimal ergonomics before production or
construction.
• Assessment of Tools and Equipment: Motion capture technology helps in evaluating the
usability and ergonomics of tools, machinery, and equipment used in workplaces. It assists
in identifying design flaws or areas that might cause discomfort or injury to workers.
• Workplace Training and Safety: Gait analysis technology aids in developing training
programs focused on proper body mechanics and movement techniques, enhancing worker
safety and reducing the risk of workplace injuries.
• Posture and Movement Analysis: Detailed analysis of gait, posture, and body mechanics
helps in understanding how different tasks and movements affect the body. This information
guides the design of ergonomic solutions that promote better posture and movement
patterns.
[5]
Impact on Various Industries:
• Office Environments: Motion capture data aids in designing ergonomic office furniture,
keyboard layouts, and monitor placement to reduce discomfort and repetitive strain injuries
among office workers.
• Manufacturing and Industrial Settings: Gait analysis informs the design of assembly lines,
workstations, and tools to minimize physical strain and optimize efficiency for workers in
manufacturing environments.
• Healthcare Facilities: Biomechanical analysis contributes to the design of ergonomic medical
equipment, patient handling devices, and workstations in healthcare settings, ensuring
better ergonomics for healthcare professionals.
Figure 3 Posture analysis
[6]
4. VR and Gaming
Role of Gait Lab Technology in VR and Gaming:
• Motion Capture for Realistic Avatars: Motion capture systems capture human movements
and gestures, enabling the creation of realistic avatars in virtual environments. This
technology brings lifelike movements and expressions to virtual characters, enhancing
immersion for users.
• Natural Interaction and Gesture Recognition: Gait lab technology aids in developing gesture
recognition systems that allow users to interact with VR environments naturally. This enables
users to use gestures and movements to control or manipulate objects within the virtual
world.
• Immersive Gaming Experiences: Motion capture data contributes to creating more immersive
gaming experiences. Players can control characters or perform actions in games using
natural movements, enhancing gameplay realism.
• Physical Activity and Fitness Games: Gait lab technology enables the development of
interactive fitness games that track body movements. These games encourage physical
activity and exercise by requiring players to perform specific movements or activities within
the game.
• VR Training Simulations: Motion capture systems provide realistic motion data used in
creating VR training simulations for various industries. These simulations allow users to
practice real-life scenarios, such as medical procedures, flight simulations, or industrial
training, in a safe and controlled virtual environment.
• Sports Training and Analysis: In the realm of gaming, motion capture technology assists in
creating sports simulation games that mimic real-world movements and strategies. It also
aids in sports training by providing data for analyzing and improving athletic techniques.
[7]
Examples of Gait Lab Technology in VR and Gaming:
• Full-Body Tracking in VR: VR systems equipped with full-body tracking using motion capture
technology allow users to see their entire body movements in virtual space, enhancing
immersion and interactivity.
• Dance and Rhythm Games: Motion capture data enables rhythm-based games that require
players to mimic dance moves or perform specific actions, syncing with the game
environment.
• VR Sports Simulations: Games that simulate various sports, such as boxing, golf, or tennis,
use motion capture technology to replicate realistic movements and actions, providing a
more authentic sports gaming experience.
Figure 4 VR gaming
[8]
Part (2)
Patient characteristics :
Temporal & spatial :
Figure 5 Temporal & spatial data
Stride length : 1.35m
Stride width : 0.08m
Cadence : 109.47 steps/min
Note that the average cadence for healthy adults is between 90~120 steps/min.
We can see that there is a big gap in the step length between the left and right foot
which equals 0.13m which by relation affects the step time.
Figure 6 Temporal & spatial data (simple view)
[9]
Camera views :
Figure 9 Sagittal view
Figure 8 Front view Figure 7 3D render view
[10]
Lower body kinematics :
Figure 10 Pelvis kinematics
Figure 11 Hip kinematics
Figure 12 Knee kinematics
[11]
Figure 13 Ankle kinematics
Figure 14 Foot kinematics
The lower body kinematics analysis reveals a harmonious movement pattern characterized
by a stable pelvis and well-balanced motion at the hip, knee, and ankle joints throughout
the gait cycle. Foot biomechanics appear even, contributing to symmetrical gait. No
noticeable deviations or compensations were observed, indicating a functionally sound
lower body kinematic profile. Overall, the assessment suggests a coordinated and efficient
lower limb movement pattern, potentially benefiting from targeted exercises for further
enhancement if desired.
[12]
Lower body kinetics :
Figure 15 Hip kinetics
Figure 16 Knee kinetics
Figure 17 Ankle kinetics
[13]
The assessment of lower body kinetics revealed a smooth and coordinated movement
pattern involving the hips, knees, and ankles. The motion appeared balanced and well-
aligned without any apparent irregularities or imbalances. This suggests a healthy and
efficient lower body movement during walking, reflecting good stability and control
throughout the gait cycle
Lower body power generation and ground reaction :
Figure 18 Hip power gen.
Figure 19 Knee power gen.
[14]
Figure 20 Ankle power gen.
Figure 21 Ground reaction
The analysis indicated effective lower body power generation during the gait cycle.
Observation of hip extension, knee flexion, and ankle plantar flexion showcased a
coordinated effort, contributing to efficient propulsion and forward momentum. The
synchronized engagement of these lower limb joints demonstrates a robust ability to
generate power, facilitating an optimal walking pattern with adequate force production and
push-off strength.
[15]
