2
CHAPTER THREE Example 3. Evaluate ∫1 x3 ln x dx.
Solution: Integrating by parts, we let
1. THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL u = ln x, dv = x3dx,
After studying the fundamental formulas du = dx/x, v = ¼ x4.
and other methods of integration, we shall
now turn our attention to the physical Substituting in the formula for integration
application of integration in solving various by parts, we have 2
problems such as areas, volumes of solids, 2 0
lengths of curves, centroids, moments of ∫1 x3 ln x dx
inertia, fluid pressure and work done by a 2 2
variable force. For this purpose, we shall = [ ¼ x4 ln x ] 1 - ¼ ∫ 1 x3dx
employ definite integration using the 2
definite integral as our new tool. = [ ¼ x4 ln x – 1/16 x4 ] 1
Let us assume a given function f(x) to = ¼ (16 ln 2 – 0) -1/16 (16-1)
be continuous and always positive, or 𝟏𝟓
always negative between two fixed = 4 ln 2 -
𝟏𝟔
ordinates x = a and x = b; and let F(x) be an
antiderivative or integral of f(x). At x = a, the
ASSIGNMENT No. 5
value of the integral is F(a), and at x = b the
Evaluate the following definite integrals:
value is F(b). The difference F(b) – F(a) or 2 2
change in the value of the integral F(x) in 1. ∫0 (2x + x2 – x3) dx. 0
the integral from x = a to x = b is called the 1
definite integral of f(x) between the limits x = 2. ∫ x3(1-x) dx.
0
a and x = b, or simply the integral of f(x) from π/2
a to b. We denote the definite integral by the 3. ∫0 sin 2x dx.
b
symbol ∫a f(x) dx where the numbers a and π/2
4. ∫ 0 (sin θ dθ)/(1 + cos θ)
b are called the lower and upper limits of
integration, respectively. By definition of 1
5. ∫ dz/(4 – z)1/2
the definite integral, its value is given by 0
1
the equation 6. ∫ x ex dx.
0
b
∫a f(x) dx = [ F(x) ] 𝑎𝑏 = F(b) – F(a) (1) 2
7. ∫ dx/(4 + x2)
0
1
meaning that the definite integral is the 8. ∫ x e-x dx.
0
value of the indefinite integral at the upper 3
limit minus its value at the lower limit. 9. ∫ x (x – 2)1/2
2
While the indefinite integral includes 1
an arbitrary constant C, the definite 10. ∫ 0 x (1-x)1/2
integral is independent of C, hence the 2term π/2
“definite” 0
11. ∫0 x sin x dx.
3
Example 1. 12. ∫ -3 x dx/(9 – x2)1/2
x4
+ x2 ]
2 2 4
∫ 0 (x3 + 2x) dx = [ 4 0
13. ∫3 dy/(y2 – 4)
0
=4+4–0 14. ∫ 1 (2x – 3) dx/ (x2 + 4)
=8 2
15. ∫0 arctan u du.
Example 2.
PROBLEM SET No. 6
π/2 t π/2
∫0 cos2 dt = ½ ∫0 (1 + cos t) dt Evaluate the following integrals.
2
2
= ½ [t + sin t]
π/2 1. ∫0 x5 (1 + x3)1/2
0 π/4
=½ [ π/2 + 1 – 0 ] 2. ∫0 cos 2θ dθ/(1 + sin 2θ)
2
= ¼ (π + 2) 3. ∫ 1 8(x + 1) dx/x2(x2 + 4)
Engr. Nikko Reymon R. Manito Integral Calculus P a g e | 1
4
4. ∫ 1 (√𝑥 + 1) dx/ √𝑥 (x + 1)
5/4 5/4
5. ∫1/4 dy/(√𝑦 + 1 - √𝑦 )
ln 3
6. ∫0 e2t dt/(1 + et)1/2
7
7. ∫3 dx/x2 √x 2 − 4
3
8. ∫ 5/4 dz/√z2 + 4z − 5
π/2
9. ∫0 (sin θ + sin 2θ)2 dθ.
2
10. ∫1 (y4 – 3) dy/(y3 + y2)
3
11. ∫ dx/(x2 – 1)1/2
1
2
12. ∫0 dy/(y2 + 2y – 3)
a
13. ∫0 dx/(ax – x2)1/2
-ln 2
14. ∫∞ dt/(et + 4e-t)
1
15. ∫ (x/1 – x3)1/2 dx.
0
Engr. Nikko Reymon R. Manito Integral Calculus P a g e | 2
