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Buffer Solutions Report

The document describes an experiment on buffer solutions. The objectives were to prepare buffer solutions of a determined pH and observe their buffering capacity by adding acids or bases. Two buffer solutions were prepared using sodium acetate/acetic acid and ammonia/ammonium chloride. When adding HCl or NaOH, the buffers resisted changes in pH, maintaining it constant. The pH was also maintained when diluting the buffers with water. The results support that the solutions.

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45 views7 pages

Buffer Solutions Report

The document describes an experiment on buffer solutions. The objectives were to prepare buffer solutions of a determined pH and observe their buffering capacity by adding acids or bases. Two buffer solutions were prepared using sodium acetate/acetic acid and ammonia/ammonium chloride. When adding HCl or NaOH, the buffers resisted changes in pH, maintaining it constant. The pH was also maintained when diluting the buffers with water. The results support that the solutions.

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INTRODUCTION

Buffer solutions are common in nature, having


various applications such as bacterial cultures, which
require an optimal pH state to grow. A buffer solution,
buffer or tampon has the ability to regulate changes in pH due to the
addition of strong acids or bases. They are made up of a weak base and its
conjugate acid or by a weak acid and its conjugate base. In this practice we
carried out mixing processes of solutions in order to analyze the effect
from different substances to buffer mixtures.

OBJECTIVES

Prepare buffer solutions of a specified pH.

Observe the buffering effect of buffer solutions when adding them.


acids or bases.

PROCEDURE

Using the laboratory reagents, it was assigned to each group the


preparation and dilution of buffer solutions. To prepare the first
buffer solution 50 ml of CH was mixed3COOH at 0.1M and 50ml of
CH3COONa at 0.1 in a beaker. To prepare the second buffer solution.
50 ml of NH was mixed.3at 0.1M and 50 ml of NH4CL at 0.1M in a beaker.
Then to dilute the buffer solutions, from the first solution and from the
Second, a part of its volume was taken to which different things were added.
substances such as 0.1M HCl, 0.1M NaOH, and distilled water,
furthermore in order to compare the effect that that acid or base had
added to the buffer solution, 25 ml of distilled water was mixed with a
Base (0.1M NaOH) in a beaker, the same procedure was performed.
with an acid (HCL at 0.1M). In the case of group 3, it was assigned the
dilution of 25ml of buffer solution 1 with 0.5ml of 0.1M HCl.
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS.

RESULTS

Once the different solutions are prepared, with the help of the pH meter, it
he proceeded to measure its pH value. Similarly, the calculations were made.
theoretical pH for each of the solutions, in order to carry out a
comparison between these data and the actual ones, being recorded in table 1.

Table 1 pH values of the tested solutions

ESSAY theoretical pH pH meter


50ml of CH3COOH 0.1M + 50ml of 4.74 4.81
CH3COONa 0.1M (Solution B1)
15ml B1 solution + 45ml of H2The distilled 4.74 5.09
25ml Sln B1 + 0.5ml HCl 0.1M 4.74 4.75
25ml of H2Distilled + 0.5ml HCl 0.1M 2.70 2.24
25ml Sln B1 + 0.5ml of NaOH 0.1M 4.74 4.8
25ml of H2Distilled + 0.5ml of NaOH 0.1M 11.3 10.02
50ml of NH30.1M + 50ml of NH4CL 0.1M (Solution 9.4
B2)
15ml of Sln B2 + 45ml of H2The distilled 9.28
25ml of Sln B2 + 0.5ml HCl 0.1M 9.29
25ml of Sln B2 + 0.5ml of NaOH 0.1M 9.6

S.B. #1

S.B. Acetic acid and sodium acetate


Acetic acid pKa = 4.74
Both solutions 0.1 M (equimolar)
pH = pKa + Log Cs/Ca
pH = pKa + Log 0.1/0.1
pH = pKa + Log 1
pH = pKa
4.74

15ml of S.B #1 with 45ml of H2The distilled


Distilled water = (0.0000001 mol of H2O/ 1L) x 0.045L= 4.5 x10-3
pH = 4.74
25 ml of S.B. #1 with 0.5 ml of HCl 0.1M
pH = pKa + log ((0.1 - [nHCl])) / ((0.1 + [nHCl]))
nHCl = (0.1 mol H2O/ 1L) x 0.0005L = 5 x10-5moles
pH = 4.74

25ml of H2Distilled + 0.5ml HCl 0.1M

[HCl] = 0.5 ml * 0.1 M / 25.5 ml = 1.96 × 10-3

pH = -Log [Ca]

PH = -Log [1.96×10^-3]

2.70

25ml S.B #1 + 0.5ml of NaOH 0.1M

pH = pKa + log ((0.1 - [nNaOH])) / ((0.1 + [nNaOH]))

nHCl = (0.1 mol H2O/ 1L) x 0.0005L = 5 x 10-5moles


4.74
25ml of H2Distilled water + 0.5ml of NaOH 0.1M

[NaOH] = 0.5 ml * 0.4 M / 25.5 ml = 1.96*10^-3

POH = - Log [1.96*10-3] = 2.70

PH + POH = 14 PH = 14 - 2.70 = 11.3

S.B. #2

S.B ammonia and ammonium chloride


pH = pKa + Log Cs/Ca
pH = pKa + Log 0.1/0.1
pH = pKa + Log 1
pH = pKa
4.74 pH = 14 – 4.74 = 9.26
15ml of S.B#2 + 45ml of H2The distilled

[NH3] = 15ml * 0.1M / 50ml = 0.025M

[NH4Cl] = 15ml * 0.1m / 60ml = 0.025


POH = - Log (1.8*10^-5) + Log 0.025M / 0.025M = 4.74

POH + PH = 14 PH = 14 - 4.74 = 9.26

25ml of Sln B2 + 0.5ml HCl 0.1M

pH = pKa + log ((0.1 - [nHCl])) / ((0.1 + [nHCl]))

HCl = (0.1 mol H2O/ 1L) x 0.0005L = 5 x10-5moles


PH = 14 - 4.74 = 9.26

25ml of Sln B2 + 0.5ml of NaOH 0.1M


pH = pKa + log ((0.1 - [nNaOH])) / ((0.1 + [nNaOH]))
nHCl = (0.1 mol H2O/ 1L) x 0.0005L = 5 x 10-5moles
pH = 4.74
PH = 14 - 4.74 = 9.26

ANALYSIS

A regulating or buffering solution has the ability to resist


pH changes when small amounts of acids and bases are added.
This must contain a relatively large concentration of acid to
react with the OH- that are added; and it must also contain a
similar concentration of the similar base to react with the
amount of H+ ions that are added.
In addition, the acidic and basic components of the buffer should not
consume each other in a neutralization reaction. This
requirements are met with an acid-base conjugate pair, for example
a weak acid and its conjugate base (provided by a salt) or a weak base
and its conjugate acid (provided by a salt).
Buffer solutions resist sudden changes in pH, that's why
that by adding HCl and NaOH, the pH variation of the Buffer solution is very
small. If this solution were not regulating by adding HCl (acid)
strong), the pH decreased significantly, on the contrary when adding
NaOH would increase.

Buffer solutions can be diluted without changing the concentration of the


H3O. The concentration of H3O depends only on ka and the ratio of the
concentrations of the acid and the anion. When the buffer solution is diluted,
It changes the concentration of the acid and the anion, but the quotient remains.
constant, and [H3O] does not change. This is why when adding distilled water to the
s/n buffer did not significantly change in pH.
The same happened when a strong acid and a strong base were added,
Buffer solution tends to maintain the concentration of H3O constant.
In some of the results, the difference between the calculated pH and the
pH obtained by the pH meter, based on the calculated error, all provided by
the shortcomings in the manipulation and preparation of buffer solutions
which produced an alteration in its theoretical or real pH.

CONCLUSION

A buffering solution helps the pH of a reaction, helps to


that this remains constant, thus providing a chemical equilibrium
during the reaction.
When the substance that is added to the buffer solution is
distilled water the change in pH will be minimal.
It is important to consider the type of substance with which one is
is conducting the experiments since depending on the
classification in which it is found (acid-base) the calculations will be
specific and will be governed by different figures and principles.
These buffering solutions or buffers have the function of
maintain a constant pH as it is vital for proper development
of the chemical and biochemical reactions that take place both in
living beings such as, experimentally, in the laboratory.
Buffer solutions are usually a combination
of an acid and its conjugate base. Acidity can be defined as the
concentration of H ions+ in a solution. If the acids
they increase the concentration of H+, what follows is that the
Opposites, bases reduce the concentration of H+. when a
acid loses a H+this increases a conjugated base.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

[Link] › generalchemistry › content › 368-buffer-solutions.


Chemical Analysis

PRACTICE #3: REGULATING DAMPING SOLUTIONS OR


BUFFER

PROFESSOR: ADOLFO CONSUEGRA SOLORZANO

PRESENTED BY:

JEFFERSON DOMINGUEZ

Alek Vasquez

NATALIA TRUJILLO

UNIVERSITY OF SUCRE

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY

BIOLOGY PROGRAM

SINCELEJO - SUCRE

2.019

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