OWNER : FORTE GROUP SAC

PROJECT : STRONG GROUP INDUSTRIAL PLANT

DATE : MARCH 2 2017

1.1.- DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRIAL PROCESS

General

The building where the facilities will be located will have different supply points.
air.

Specify those parts affected by the installation

It is about powering the existing pneumatic machines in the overall work process.
of the building.

1.3.- DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTALLATION

Compressors

Type of drive ALTERNATIVE

Model SNX-PRO-5500DD
Maximum working pressure 11 Bar.
Nominal pressure 11 Bar.
Nominal flow Nm3 /h 1216 l/min.
Driving power 7.5 HP.

1.4.- Devices intended for air accumulation

General deposit

Design pressure 15 Bar

Volume m3 0.5 m3

P x V (Bar x m3) 5.5

1.5.- Devices for air treatment

Coolers
In order to improve air quality, a refrigerating dryer will be used, its
characteristics:

Working pressure 11 Bar

Inlet temperature 35 ºC
Ambient temperature 25 ºC
Dew point temperature 3 ºC
Type of gas R-134

Filters

No specific filter will be installed; however, the entire network will have
drain keys
at the end of each branch, in order to eliminate possible condensations that may
to occur in
the same. In the same way, at each destination point, there is a drain valve installed,
to the object
to proceed with the removal of any possible water that may be present in said installation before
what is
use the air.

1.7 Pipeline network

Open Circuit Design

Diameter 20, 25, and 40 mm.
Extruded Aluminum Material Alloy UNS A96063 T5
Types of union used Screw with grommets
Anchorage embedded rings in wall, rubber joint.
Regulatory Station Conditions

1.8..- Safety valves

In this case, they are installed in each of the two storage tanks.
of air and in the filter, its characteristics being:
Manufacturer or importer
D10 spring structural type (No. AB02012D)
Nominal diameter G.3/8” ISO 228
Nominal pressure 15 Kgs/cm2
.
Calibration pressure 15 Kgs/cm2
.
Discharge capacity 11627.603 l/min at 20 ºC.

1.9.- Measurement Elements

In the present case, each deposit-compressor set includes a manometer.

for the
checking and measuring the output air pressure of the same, it has also been
placed a
manometer at the outlet of the dryer for checking and measuring the outlet pressure
of the air of
the installation.

2.-CHARACTERISTICS AND SPECIFICATIONS OF MATERIAL QUALITY AND

TEAMS

3.2.1.-Equipment

The function of an accumulator tank in an air system

compressed is the one of:

Dampen the output flow pulsations of the compressors.

Allow the drive motors of the compressors not to have to

work in a way

continuous, if not intermittent.

Facing peak flow demands without causing drops in

pressure in

the net.

Generally, the tanks are cylindrical, made of steel sheet and are equipped
various

accessories such as a pressure gauge, a safety valve, and a wrench

purge to evacuate the

condensed, as well as a start or stop control of the engine.

The tanks for small compressors are usually mounted underneath.

of the compressor and in

horizontal direction. For large flows, they are usually separated and mounted.
after the

refrigerator.
The factors that most decisively influence the sizing of the
deposits are:

The flow of the compressor.

The variations in demand.

The type of cooling, which determines advisable downtime periods or

idle march.

As a principle, the compressor flow rate, multiplied by the factor of

recommended use,

it must exceed the average value of the demand and the pressure must exceed that of
utilization.

Compressed Air Conditioning

The simple compression of air in the compressor and the subsequent conduction
pneumatics are not

sufficient, since the air contains many impurities that can cause
pernicious effects in

the teams to be deployed. The main enemies of any installation

Pneumatics are: water, oil,

dust and dirt.

The humid air can cause:

Oxidation, causing breakdowns in the installation components.

Excessive wear of pneumatic equipment, as humidity washes and drags.

the lubricant oil.

Solid particles in the form of dust and dirt are the greatest enemies.
of the elements

tires, especially of the sealing joints. The penetration of

Dust and dirt damage

easily the materials used in the joints and makes it impossible for them to carry out
correctly its function.

The humidity and impurities from compressed air can be extracted with the
device assistance

special.
REMOVAL OF DIRT AND WATER

The conditioning of compressed air begins before its compression. The

compressor sucks in the

air from the atmosphere through a filter that stops any particles
large octopus present in

the air.

A good location of the compressor can reduce the amount of

humidity. It is advisable

breathe fresh air, preferably from those places where the sun does not shine or from
very little, since the

maximum amount of water vapor that can be contained in a certain volume of

air is given by the

saturation humidity, which increases with temperature.

The air produced by the compressor has a high temperature.

still loaded with

impurities and in particular, water and oil vapors.

Following the compressor, a cooler is installed that will cause a

decrease of the

air temperature at a value much lower than its dew point, so

provokes the

condensation of water and oil vapors and their separation to the outside by
middle of a separator

of condensates.

The condensation that occurs during the conduction of compressed air

due to the progressive

cooling, must be purged to the outside of the conveying pipe beforehand

from when I arrived at the

pneumatic elements. It is advisable, then, to place the purge points in

the installation. This

Condensation can be avoided by using air dryers.

3.2.2.-Pipes
The conduction of compressed air is done through the air network.
compressed. It is understood as

compressed air network the set of all pipes that starts from
deposited, arranged in such a way

that remain firmly joined together and conduct the compressed air to the
connection points

for individual consumers. It must have:

Minimal pressure loss.

Minimal air loss due to leaks.

Minimum amount of water in the network and at the points of use.

To determine the correct diameter of the air ducts, it is necessary

consider various factors.

These are:

The airflow.

The allowable pressure drop

The length of the pipe.

The working pressure.

The flow of compressed air is a magnitude that is determined according to the

approach. This can

it should be equal to the capacity of the compressor or it can be increased and must be
sufficiently loose,

taking into account future expansions at the plant.

The drop in pressure and the circulation speed are related.

closely. How much

the higher the flow velocity, the greater the pressure drop; but in the
pressure drop

other factors such as the roughness of the interior wall also influence
pipe. The length of

pipe and the number of installed fittings. The circulation speed of

compressed air in the
Piping must be compressed between 0 and 10 m/s. The pressure drop should not
overcome, as much as possible,

the value of 0.1 Kp/cm2

The length of the pipe is determined based on the layout of the installation and
must be taken into account

count the installed accessories.

Compressor manufacturers have developed monograms to determine

with ease the

most suitable pipe diameter.

The fixed installation compressed air pipes must be accessible, in the

measure that is

possible, to facilitate the monitoring or verification of the tightness of the network,

so it has to

avoid its embedded placement in walls. The supply pipes

horizontals must

position oneself with a slope of 1-2% in the direction of traffic. The

vertical derivations

downward should not end at the connection for the consumer, but rather
must be extended a

a little more so that the condensation water produced accumulates in

the lowest point and do not pass to the consumer. The pipes that come from the
Main pipes must always be diverted upwards.

The distributions used for laying out an air network are:

A long pipe, extended all along the halls of the building with the
necessary

downspouts to the points of use.

Laid in closed circuit or in a ring. This system is usually preferred.

circular

because it has no dead ends, the supply of compressed air is

balanced and the
pressure fluctuations are considerably reduced. In addition, with the
valve assistance

strategically located closures, part of this circuit may be

disconnected, keeping in

service the remaining part. The pipeline network is preferably installed with
steel pipes and

welded joints. The advantage of joining pipes by welding is the good

tightness and the

price. The disadvantage of welded joints is the production of particles

of oxide, no

however, with the inclusion of a maintenance unit in front of the

consumer, the particles

are carried by the air current and are deposited in the collector of
condensation.

DIAMETER, JUSTIFICATION

CRITERIA:

For the determination of the pipe diameter, the criteria have been considered.
of design the following:

1) In the compression processes, the temperature increases as the

compression ratio.

The compression ratio is the absolute discharge pressure divided by the

absolute pressure

of admission.

The compression work increases as the temperature rises.

In order to limit

the temperature and, consequently, improves her performance,

this is usually done

in stages, between each of which the gas is refrigerated.

The lines will be designed for speed, for sufficiently low values.
to not produce

excessive pressure losses and hinder the separation of water.

MATERIALS, ACCESSORIES AND TYPE OF JOINTS

The pipes will be made of aluminum in standard diameters in an exterior arrangement.
fixed by means of brackets.

Drainage points, purges, will also be available in the lines of

service, will be available

before connecting a machine or tool to an opening valve and

closure, air filter,

oil fog lubricator with or without pressure regulator.

The type of connection in the main collectors line, secondary lines

(service lines), they

threading will be done. The air hoses will be made by

quick couplings.

3.2.3.- Valves, accessories, and regulation, measurement, and safety elements

SECURITY ELEMENTS

Safety valves

The compressor will have a pressure switch, set to the maximum pressure of
service, which will perform

the action of strike and march of the same.

The accumulator tanks will be equipped with filters, shut-off valves, and
pressure gauge for what

at all times, the pressure to which it is subjected can be read and valves of
type security

spring, full lift seat, sealed by the manufacturer and

regulated to the pressure

maximum service. In addition, the overpressure at the entrance must be met

from the valve no

exceeded 10% of the set pressure when discharging the flow

maximum for which

it has been foreseen.

The sealing of the safety valves may be done, indiscriminately,

by

By the valve manufacturer.

By the manufacturer of the container or the compressor.

For the installer.

By a Regulatory Inspection and Control entity.

The contrast of who has sealed the safety valves must be

marked on the fuses of

corresponding seals.

Safety valves must be marked with an engraving, on a plate or on a label.

sealed together, the

following data:

Manufacturer

Nominal diameter

Nominal pressure

Calibration pressure

Nominal flow.

The valve manufacturer must provide to the container manufacturer or the

certified installer

certificate of the discharge capacity of the safety valve.

The safety valves will not be detachable with respect to the point where there is
the generation or

compressed air supply to the installation.

Manometers and thermometers

These measuring, control, and safety instruments will comply with the standards.
DIN.

The anemometers available will have a circular scale of 100 mm in diameter.

and numbered from 0 to

200 bar, with stainless steel tube.

A pressure gauge will be available on the control panel of the compressor and tank.
metallic.

There will be circular scale thermometers with a diameter of 100 mm.

numbered from 0 to 140º C.
with a device for selecting the maximum air demand temperature
compressed, in our

in case the selected option will not exceed 100º C.

Maximum and minimum pressure devices

The maximum and minimum pressure will be measured using instruments of

regulation, which gives a signal

proportional to the value of the pressure, these pressure regulators are used to
to get that the

the network pressure value is maintained at the desired value, usually

constant.

The regulators will have an internal device and an external one.

respectively, with the was

set the setpoint.

The output signal will act on the control valve that opens or closes, fully or
partially, the step

of the fluid in the pipe, over the suction gate of the compressor, etc.

The installation has both types of regulators, electric and

tires, of the electric type

We have in the compressor and tires in the installation.

3.3.- START-UP STANDARDS FOR THE INSTALLATION

Every startup of a facility requires a prior inspection to

the setting up of

all its elements and also a partial review of the circuit in order to
that nothing happens

incident.

Without these conditions, it is not possible to achieve good performance.

exposing the installation to

serious mechanical and economic damages.

A pneumatic installation must meet basic conditions for its

commissioning

Correct working pressure at the machine inlet.

Completely clean and well-lubricated air.

Know the sequence or functioning of the circuit.

Have an emergency control.

Seek proper protection for the person or persons who provide the
installation

in progress.

Do not give the air abruptly, but rather progressively.

Principles for the start-up:

When a facility is started for the first time, it is necessary to

check

that all the controls and devices are at their initial starting point, with
object of

make sure that all maneuvers are carried out without causing any

accident.

To know in detail the appropriate instructions so that it does not happen

no breakdown.

Do not exceed the indicated temperatures for each of the elements.

what

They integrate the mechanism. Likewise with the pressures, flow rates, etc.

Make sure that all valves have the metal mesh filter on each

organ entry.

Use the oils appropriately, both in the regulatory groups and in

the

converters.

Check the proper functioning before installing any organ and

then

integrate it into the assembly, as anomalies are avoided.

Ensure that the mechanical systems are functioning perfectly.

what
they can be the cause of the incorrect functioning of the elements
tires