9

Chapter I: Home Automation

Introduction..........................................................11
2. Origins of Home Automation...............................................................11
[Link] elements of the home automation system..................................12
[Link] of home automation.....................................13
[Link] Different Technologies........................................................15
[Link] and disadvantages of home automation..................................16
[Link]

Chapter II: Internet of Things

[Link]
2. Definition of the Internet of Things.......................................................21
[Link] 'objects' in the Internet of Things................................................22
4. Architecture of the Internet of Things...................................................22
[Link] used in IoT..........................................................25
6. Application areas of IoT......................................................26
[Link] of the Internet of Things..................................................26
[Link]

Chapter III: Realization

Introduction
2. Materials used................................................................................28
2.1Arduino UNO board.........................................................................28
5
2.2. WIFI Module ESP8266 _01............................................................29
2.3.DHT22 sensor (temperature and humidity).........................................30
2.4. Qm2 gas sensor...........................................................................32
2.5. Servo Motor (opening or closing an object)..........................33
[Link]...........................................................................................34
[Link] diagram....................................................34
[Link] assembly diagram............................................................36
[Link] Application..........................................................................37
6. Arduino UNO + ESP8266 as a Wifi access point.......................38
7. Programme... 43
8. Practical realization ........................................................................... 50
general conclusion
bibliography53
resume

6
List of figures:
Figure 1.1: The fields of application of home automation.........................................13

Figure 1.2: different sensors connected to an alarm panel.........................14

Figure 2.1: example of connected objects.................................................................20

Figure 2.2: Architecture model of the Internet of Things....................................23

Figure 2.3: The IoT connects objects using sensors and the Internet..............24

Figure 2.4: The applications of IoT........................................................26

Figure 3.1: The Arduino UNO board..........................................................................28

Figure 3.2: WIFI Module ESP8266..........................................................................29

Figure 3.3: Wiring of the ESP8266 WIFI module....................................................29

Figure 3.4: Arduino + ESP8266 Montage................................................................30

Figure 3.5: Arduino + DHT11 or DHT22 Montage...............................................32

Figure 3.6: gas sensor wiring (QM2)...........................................................32

Figure 3.7: image and pinout servomotor (SLIDER)...........................................33

Figure 3.8: General diagram of the assembly..................................................................36

Figure 3.9: operation of the RemoteXY application.......................................38

Figure 3.10: The editor of the RemoteXY application...............................................39

Figure 3.11: The glacial 'configuration'.....................................................39

Figure 3.12: Parameters of the interface of the module......................................40

Figure 3.13: network configuration of the RemoteXY application on Smartphone.....41

Figure 3.14: the different graphical interfaces on Smartphone..........................42

Figure 3.15: Some photos of our achievement..................................................50

7
8
 General introduction
Smart homes have the ability to enhance the comfort of the resident through
interfaces for controlling light, temperature, or various electronic devices. It
It is possible to put the heating devices on standby when the residents are absent.
you will automatically adjust the use of electrical resources according to needs
residents in order to save energy resources. In addition, the practical aspect of
new communication and information technologies such as Android applications,
emails ...etc., the security aspect is all the more important in the daily lives of individuals.
This is made possible by systems capable of anticipating potentially
dangerous or to react to events that threaten the integrity of individuals.

Problematic

The house is a particularly important place for everyone; etymologically it

it is the place where one stays, where one returns, the place of settling down. The majority of
individuals, and more particularly elderly people, spend a lot of their time on
home, hence the considerable influence of housing on quality of life. The improvement of
sense of security and comfort in the home therefore appears as an element of a
vital importance. In recent years, computer science has been applied to the creation of
smart homes with the aim of improving people's living conditions when they are at
their home. A smart home is defined as a residence equipped with
ambient computing technologies that aim to assist the inhabitant in various situations
of domestic life. According to an article titled (World Population Prospect 2017) that in 2017,
Approximately 962 million people are aged 60 and over, representing 13% of the
world population. This rate increases by about 3% per year and by 2050 these people
will be in need of smart home applications that simple homes do not
can offer. The lack of security, the difficulties in controlling all the needs of the house in
same time.

Objectives
One of our main objectives for this project is to create a prototype of a house.
intelligent, well-secured, and easy to command at any time and from anywhere, the
Control will be remote via an Android application, ensuring a quick response to needs.
of users.

9
10
1. Introduction
Home automation is a generic term encompassing all techniques allowing
to automate the management of a house, to make it 'smart'. These techniques make
massive appeal to computing and connected objects to make life easier for
the user. This set of techniques can be used for various purposes: to automate certain
tasks to make the user's life easier, enhance the security of the home, or reduce
the energy consumption of housing.

2. Origins of Home Automation

The word 'domotics' comes from the contraction of two words, 'doums' (the house in Latin)
and "telematics" (techniques that combine computing and telecommunications).
The beginning of home automation work is often associated with the 1970s, even the 1980s, with
the energy issues caused by oil crises that have considerably
affected the field of construction and building operation. Indeed, before these
During the crises, the cost of energy was negligible compared to the cost of materials and related work.
in the field of construction and operation of habitats.
When the price of energy rose significantly, a preference was given to a
isolation plus constraint of new buildings. However, the management of the existing stock was
problematic, as it is costly. This is how the first solutions appeared.
communications between automation systems (boilers, ventilation, etc.) and sensors, and allow
to optimize the energy footprint of the building according to needs: presence of
occupants, natural inputs, outside temperature, etc.
These solutions, although expensive, were gradually declined and offered to housing.
mid-1990s. The functions were then identical to those offered for the
large buildings: management of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning,
lighting, openings (roller shutters and blinds). They then offered to the
inhabitants a promise of functional comfort, mainly through centralization of
control devices, such as the ability to close all the shutters of a facade, or to
manage heating room by room.
At the same time, and using the same technological foundations, alarm solutions for
intrusion have been marketed. These solutions sometimes interact with the system
home automation, for example to close the shutters when the alarm is active, or to simulate some
presence by activating lights when the resident is absent.

11
 Since the mid-1990s, another segment focused on microcomputing and
digital leisure is developing. This new emergence particularly marks
the introduction of computing in housing and the emergence of digital media.
Thus, today, housing management, security, communication networks, and leisure.
digital indicates the paradigm of home automation.

3. Different elements of the home automation system

To function, a "smart home" requires three distinct elements: a

central, sensors/actuators/devices and finally a system enabling all of this to
communicate.
The central unit is the main element of the home automation system, to make a simplistic analogy with the body.
Human, we could talk about the brain. This element is a small computer that understands all logic.
necessary to interact with the user, and to control the different elements present in the system
Home automation. It is this component that will generally be used to interact with the system, either directly via
a keyboard or a built-in screen, either directly or indirectly via a remote device such as a remote control, or
directly through a web interface and a smartphone, tablet, or computer.

Then come the sensors and actuators present on the network. To follow the analogy
previous, they can be compared to the muscles and the sense organs of the human body.
Just like the eyes or ears, their role is to allow the home automation system.
to interact with the environment in which it is located: raise the blinds, measure the
temperature, detect the presence of a person, etc.

Finally, all these elements need to communicate with each other. Different solutions
exists to achieve this result. The first involves using dedicated wiring. This
the solution is the most expensive, the most complicated to implement, but the most effective, because
no external element can disrupt communications. From a security standpoint,
It is also the best solution, as it facilitates communication between the different
difficult elements to intercept or disrupt.

Unfortunately, this solution is not always usable, especially in renovation or

it is more difficult to create a dedicated network independent of others. Builders therefore
developed techniques that allow different elements to communicate using the
Electric distribution network: PLC technique (Power Line Communication). If at first
this solution seems very attractive, it still has some limitations: it
it is not always possible to mix several PLC systems together (home automation and

12
computer network for example). Moreover, this technique is subject to disruptions that
can come from the house itself, or from the electrical network.

Finally, one last method is to use radio wave communications, this

which avoids using an existing network, but has similar limitations to PLC: risk
jamming or interference between different systems using the same ranges of
frequencies, and the possibility of intercepting communications or disrupting them.

4. Fields of application of home automation

Home automation can adapt to several types of fields:

Programming of household appliances.

Energy management
Security (Alarm, Presence Simulation, etc.)
Automatic openings and closings: Gate, Garage door, Shutter, Blinds, etc.
The comfort of the home (Home cinema, Lighting management, etc.)
Assistance to people with disabilities or elderly people

Figure 1.1: The areas of application of home automation.

13
4.1. Security
One of the applications of home automation is the security of property and
people by alarm systems that warn of technical risks
(breakdowns or malfunctions of devices) and on the other hand any possible intrusions
in the house (burglary).

4.2. Technical alarms

Technical alarms are based on sensors capable of
detect different
incidents such as toxic releases, fire, water leaks, gas leaks, etc. These
different sensors are connected to an alarm system. The anti-drowning safety measures of
swimming pools are also part of these alarm systems as well as some detectors of
breakdowns on household equipment (boiler for example).

Figure 1.2: different sensors connected to an alarm system.

These are generally sensors on the doors (opening detection) or in the
devices (presence detection) that are also connected to an alarm system. These
sensors can be coupled with a network of digital surveillance cameras. When
In the event of an intrusion, an alert message can be sent by email or to a phone.
portable.

4.3. Communication
Communication in the Smart House is the marriage of
computing, telecommunications, and electronics. There are different types of communication.
action in the smart house:
Wifi: it is a wireless computer networking technology set up to operate in

14
internal network and, since then, become a means of high-speed access to the Internet.
Bluetooth: a radio protocol enabling seamless communication among all
the equipment located within a radius of a few meters;
DSP (Digital Signal Processor): used in home theater amplifiers
to manage the distribution of the sound signal to the speakers of the system (home automation
audio) ;pgdu :ultimate home automation management protocol (free, simple, and documented)
to do
communicate the entire equipment of the installation;
peer-to-peer (P2P), data exchange between two computers connected to the Internet. Establishes
a direct link between the two machines without requiring a central server;
Ethernet, a communication protocol that allows the transport of information on a
computer network
ZigBee, a high-level protocol enabling communication of small radios,
reduced consumption for personal dimension networks.

4.4. Comfort
Of course, automating a house has a real impact on the comfort you experience there.
find. No need to get caught in a downpour to open the gate when returning home,
no more need to get cold by opening the shutters in the morning, and no more weekend returns
in a completely cold house.

Today, a smart house is capable of knowing when you

return home (thanks to your smartphone for example), and thus open the gate
even before you arrive. The shutters can open and close to the rhythm of
sun, and can even go so far as to adapt to the season and temperature to let
let in the light and heat of the sun in winter, or conversely keep it cool in summer.
shutting the shutters of the windows exposed to the sun. In the same way, your house knows
when you are present, and can thus adjust your heating itself to that
the house is always at the ideal temperature for you. It is even possible to diffuse
automatically your favorite music playlist when you wake up, or when you get home
the house. All this is not science fiction: it is completely achievable today

5. The Different Technologies

When used on the scale of a habitat, home automation mainly uses three
technologies

15
 cable network technology;

wireless network technology;

power line communication (PLC) technology.

5.1. Wireless network technology

Wireless technology allows for the control of all equipment

electric in a dwelling. It has the advantage of being reliable, quickly operational and
causes very little electromagnetic pollution.

5.2. Wired network technology

In terms of reliability, the award goes to wired network technology because it

is insensitive to electromagnetic disturbances. This type of network allows
the interconnection of all devices used in the house more easily but it needs more
time for installation work. Therefore, it is more suitable for
new constructions.

5.3. Powerline communication technology or PLC

Finally, there is the PLC technology that uses the power outlets of the home for the
transmission of information between devices and control units. As a result,
each socket receives the data that should come back to it, which allows for better management
simply and reduce the installation cost
It is therefore a device that is easy to implement for tenants because
the installation can be moved according to their relocations. However, the
CPL technology has the disadvantage of generating more electromagnetic pollution through
relationship with others.

6. Advantages and disadvantages of home automation

6.1. Advantages
Home automation greatly increases comfort in life. It allows us to do
easily do different things without getting up from our chair, like closing the shutters or
turn on the [Link] is certainly an advantage for elderly people who have lost
their mobility, and can thus live longer at home.

16
 Home automation allows us to better control our home and even to command the
remote equipment, via our Smartphone. You forgot to turn off the light in the
salon? Do it using your smartphone. Or stay informed about the atmosphere prevailing at the
house: the temperature or humidity of the air is indeed displayed on your Smartphone.
this way, you stay in permanent contact with your home, even when you are not there
you are not physically present.

Another advantage of home automation is that it allows for significant

savings. For example, you can turn off all your electrical devices at once.
andreduce hidden [Link] start the washing machine only after the rate switch.
at night.

6.2. Disadvantages

Some home automation systems can be relatively expensive. The options are endless.
but not all are as affordable.

The suppliers, brands, and types of home automation equipment are very numerous. What
is a disadvantage. Because not all these applications communicate perfectly all the time.
among them. You will often have to manage different applications to control all your
habitation.

Home automation often offers a lot of possibilities, which prevents seeing the forest.
behind the tree. It takes time to learn to make the most out of each
home automation application.

17
7. Conclusion
In conclusion, it can be said that home automation is a revolutionary system destined to evolve.
even further into the future. This system allows for the control of an entire house from
small simple boxes placed all around the house. The ability to connect these
connecting to a smartphone or other via wifi is also amazing as it allows to control it
house remotely for example from work! This system could therefore prove to be very useful
in the future, and this for the comfort of people But at present,
The installation of such a system is still very expensive, so few people are equipped with it.
But in the future, prices will undoubtedly become more affordable and people will be able to
they might afford to have home automation and we would see more and more appear
more houses equipped with this system.

18
1. Introduction
Since the late 1980s, the Internet has evolved dramatically. The
the final step is the use of this global network for communication with
objects or between objects.

Connected objects (Internet of Things or IoT) can give the impression of living in
a futuristic world, but it is still the present. According to Gartner, they should
represent more than 26 billion units in 2021, excluding computers, tablets and
smartphones.

This is a new way of interacting with objects that can change our lives.
radically. It can be a person with a cardiac implant who transmits data,
an animal that carries a smart chip, a car equipped with sensors indicating pressure
tires or any other object, whether created by man or not, to which an IP address is assigned and
who can transmit information.

Figure 2.1: example of connected objects

20
 2. Definition of the Internet of Things

The IoT comes from the convergence of wireless technologies, micro-systems

electromechanical (MEMS) and the Internet. In the Internet of Things, an 'object' can be a
person equipped with a pacemaker, a farm animal that carries a chip (transponder), a
car equipped with sensors to alert the driver when the pressure of
pneumatics is too weak, or any natural or human-made object to which
can be assigned an IP address and the ability to transfer data over a network.
For the moment, the Internet of Things is closely associated with machine-to-machine communication.
machine (M2M, Machine-to-Machine) in the fields of manufacturing and energy
(electricity, oil and gas). Products that integrate M2M communication capabilities.
are often referred to by the term intelligent or smart. For example, we talk about a label
intelligent, of smart meter, of smart grid sensor. The significant increase in
The address space allowed by the IPv6 protocol is an important factor of the
development of the Internet of Things. According to Steve Leibson, who describes himself as
"occasional guide of the Museum of the History of Computing", the expansion of the space
addressing allows us to "assign an IPv6 address to each atom on the surface of the Earth,
while keeping enough addresses in reserve for 100 Earth-like planets
additional." In other words, a human can easily assign an IP address to
each "object" on Earth. Furthermore, an increase in the number of intelligent nodes, as well as
from the amount of upstream data generated by these nodes, new concerns arise
in terms of data privacy, data sovereignty, and security. If the
the concept had no name before 1999, the Internet of Things has been developing since
decades. Thus, the first Internet Appliance was a Coca-Cola vending machine installed at
Carnegie Mellon University in the early 80s. Developers could

21
connect to the machine via the Internet, check its status and thus determine if they could
count on a cold drink in case they decide to come down the floors.
Co-founder and CEO of the MIT Auto-ID Center, Kevin Ashton mentioned the Internet of
objects for the first time during a presentation he was leading for Procter
&Gamble. He explains the potential of IoT in these terms: "Today, computers - and,
consequently, the Internet - are almost entirely dependent on humans for obtaining
information. Almost all of the nearly 50 petabytes (one petabyte - Po - is equal to 1024
terabytes - Data available on the Internet has been captured and created by humans;
by entering, activating a key, taking a digital photograph or the
scanning of a barcode.

3. The objects in the Internet of Things

At the heart of the Internet of Things lies the ability of the object to interconnect and
interact with its physical environment. It therefore includes:

Devices directly connected to the internet

Machine to machine -M2M- means communication between machines and access to
information system without human intervention whether it is Bluetooth, RFID, Wifi, 4G and
soon the 5G...
The "smart connected devices" such as tablets or smartphones.
Essentially, it is the entire set of connected objects, among themselves and to the network, that capture, store and

transmitting data (or data in IoT jargon).

4. Architecture of the Internet of Things

We saw in the definition of the concepts of the Internet of Things. We will now
qualify them on a technical level: they are devices that allow for collecting, storing,
transmit and process data from the physical world.

22
 Figure 2.2: Model of Internet of Things architectures

The objects being referred to here are therefore data sources, identified and
uniquely identifiable and having a direct or indirect link (via a hub) with
Internet.

We distinguished in theprevious tickettwo types of object:

Passive objects: they generally use a tag (RFID chip, 2D barcode). They
embark with a small storage capacity (on the order of kilobytes) allowing them to
to ensure a role of identification. They can sometimes, in the case of an RFID chip,
embed a sensor (temperature, humidity) and be rewritable.
Active objects: they can be equipped with several sensors, a greater
storage capacity, to be equipped with processing capacity or to be able to
communicate on a network.
Let's specify the role of the different processes presented in this diagram:

23
 Figure 2.3: The IoT connects objects using sensors and the Internet

Capturing is the action of transforming an analog physical quantity into a signal.

digital.
Concentrate allows interfacing a specialized object network to a standard IP network (e.g.
WiFi or consumer devices.
Stocker qualifies the act of aggregating raw data, produced in real-time, as meta
tagged, arriving in an unpredictable manner.
Finally, presenting indicates the ability to convey information in an understandable way.
by Man, while providing him with a means to act and/or interact.
Two other processes do not appear on the diagram, as they are both transversal and
omnipresent:

Data processing is a process that can occur at all levels of the

chain, from capturing information to its restitution. A relevant strategy, and
when we talk about the Internet of Things, it involves storing information in its form
integral. We collect exhaustively, 'big data', without prejudging the treatments
that will be imposed on the data. This strategy is possible today thanks to architectures
NoSQL distributed systems, capable of storing large amounts of information while
offering the possibility to carry out complex processing within them (Map/Reduce by
example).

Data transmission is a process that occurs at all levels of the

channel. Two networks, transmission media, generally coexist:

24
 5. Technologies used in IoT
The IoT (Internet of Things = connected objects) is increasingly present in our
daily through connected devices to our phone, our PC… Currently, the objects the
the most common are watches and wearable sensors, but the trend is towards
development of these objects (fridge, coffee maker, scale to name just a few). Qowisio,
a company that provides a communication network for IoT estimates it at 20 billion
number of connected devices in the world in 2020.

Whatever their uses, they all need a connection to interact. This

Need has brought about new network technologies, but where do we stand concretely?
us?

5.1 Constraints
The network in the world of IoT is subject to a strong energy constraint. The objects
battery-operated devices usually have a limited range determined by their capacity,
It therefore appears crucial that communication mechanisms are as energy-efficient as possible.
possible. As for her, the communication distance is generally not a problem, if
the retained technology is suitable for use. Finally, the flow rate is generally low, the objects
by exchanging only a little information with the applications.

5.2. Network families

Network technologies that allow communication using little energy can

be grouped into two large families. This division is made in relation to the scope of
A buoy in the open sea will need a communication technology.
long distance much greater than your fitness tracker:

1. Short-range networks such as WIFI, Z-Wave..., which allow for the transfer of

data over short distances. They are used in home automation, watches, bracelets,
etc.
2. Long-range and low-power networks (LPWAN). Cellular technologies

(GSM, 2G, 3G...) are also part of it like Sigfox or Lora. These networks are used by
companies that want to connect their infrastructures to the Internet, kilometers away from their site
origin.

25
 6. Application areas of IoT
Several application areas are impacted by IoT, among these main ones
we cite: the field of security, the field of transport, the environment and
the infrastructure and the services publics... etc.
Some common examples are presented in the following figure:

Figure 2.4: The application areas of IoT.

7. Disadvantages of the Internet of Things

Every connected object has hidden exploitable potential. Even if a coffee machine has a task.
First of all, making coffee, its operating system is capable of doing much more.
in the background. Knowing this, a hacker can infiltrate a company or at a
particularly through this means.

Manufacturers do not all feel responsible for securing their devices.

Some objects are not even calibrated to change their password. The most
important vulnerabilities often come from the manufacturers themselves.

8. Conclusion

We saw in this chapter what the Internet of Things is and its objectives, then we
we presented a model architecture of (Ido) and the technologies used, finally we cited
some application areas, and disadvantages.
The Internet of Things is a mature market that offers great opportunities.
for its various stakeholders. However, its development will depend on the capacity of these
the same actors to establish standards and better manage the incredible amount of
collected data.

26
27
1. Introduction
The 4th industrial revolution introduced us to the Internet of Things (IoT), which has
considerable impact on the world we live in today and on the
operation of modern businesses. In case you may have noticed, everything seems
to be connected to the Internet, from your smartphone and laptop tomonitors for home,
differential sensors, refrigerators, alarm equipment.

2. Materials used
2.1. Arduino UNO board
The Arduino board is based on a microcontroller and electronic components.
complementary associated with inputs and outputs that allow the user to connect
different types of external elements. The programmed microcontroller can analyze and produce
electrical signals in order to perform very diverse tasks. Arduino is used
in many applications such as industrial and embedded electronics, control of a
robot, control motors and create light shows, communicate with the computer,
order mobile devices. Each Arduino module has a regulator of
tension +5 V and a 16 MHz quartz oscillator. To program this board, we use the
Arduino IDE software.

Figure 3.1: The Arduino board

28
2.2. WIFI ESP8266 Module

The ESP8266 is an integrated circuit with a microcontroller allowing connection to

WiFi. The modules incorporating this circuit are widely used to control devices through
Internet. The ESP8266 comes with pre-installed firmware allowing you to take it
control using standard 'AT commands' that may come from an Arduino board with
Here it can communicate via a serial link. But all the flexibility and power of this
The module resides in the fact that you can also develop and flash your own code there.
making the module completely autonomous. For the Internet of Things (IoT), this small
The module (25x14 mm) will be very useful to you.

Figure 3.2: WIFI Module ESP8266.

Figure 3.3: Wiring of the ESP8266 WIFI module.

The GPIO 0 pin must be held to ground (GND) during code upload.
It must be disconnected if you remove the FTDI and the ESP is in running mode.
normal.

The CH_PD pin must always be kept high.

29
.The RESET pin is pulled to a high state with a 10kΩ pull-up resistor, and is connected to
the GND mass on pressing the RESET button when it is necessary to restart the ESP. Press it
RESET button each time before uploading the code, and each time you
connect or disconnect GPIO pin 0. This RESET button will save you a lot of trouble.
traces.

When you power the circuit, the red LED of the ESP-01 should light up, and the blue LED
it must light up briefly.

Later, when you upload the code to the ESP, the blue LED should blink.
during the process.

Another combination in the LED lighting suggests a malfunction.

Figure 3.4: Arduino + ESP8266 assembly.

2.3. DHT22 Sensor (temperature and humidity)

The DHT22 sensor (also known by the reference AM2302) and its little brother the DHT11
are 'two-in-one' temperature and humidity sensors.

The DHT22 / AM2302 sensor is capable of measuring temperatures from -40 to +125°C with
an accuracy of +/- 0.5°C and relative humidity levels from 0 to 100% with an accuracy of
+/- 2% (+/- 5% at the extremes, at 10% and 90%). A measurement can be taken every 500
milliseconds (which is twice per second).

30
 The DHT11 sensor is capable of measuring temperatures from 0 to +50°C with a
precision of +/- 2°C and relative humidity rates of 20 to 80% with an accuracy of +/- 5%.
A measurement can be taken every second.

The DHT22 and DHT11 are both compatible with 3.3 volts and 5 volts (the manufacturer
however, it is recommended to always power the sensor with 5 volts to obtain measurements
They also have the same wiring and the same communication protocol.

Base code

1 How to use the DHT-22 sensor with Arduino Uno

2 Temperature and humidity sensor
3 More info:The provided text is a URL and does not contain translatable content.
4 Michalis [Link]*/
5
6 //Libraries
7 #include <dht.h>
8 dht DHT;
9 //Constants
10 #define DHT22_PIN 2 DHT 22 (AM2302) - what pin we're connected to
11
12 //Variables
13 float hum; //Stores humidity value
14 float temp; //Stores temperature value
15
16 void setup()
17
18 [Link](9600);
19
20
21 void loop()
22
23 int chk = DHT.read22(DHT22_PIN);
24 //Read data and store it to variables hum and temp
25 [Link];
26 temp= [Link];
27 //Print temp and humidity values to serial monitor
28 Humidity:
29 [Link](hum);
30 [Link](" %, Temp: ");
31 [Link](temp);
32 Celsius
33 delay(2000); //Delay 2 sec.
}

31
 Figure 3.5: Arduino + DHT11 or DHT22 Assembly.

2.4. Gas sensor (Qm2)

Basic code
/*
Test program for MQx series gas detectors
More info on[Link]
*/

const int mqxPin = A0; // The analog output of the MQx sensor is connected to the analog pin A0 of
the Arduino

void setup()
{
[Link](9600); // Initialize the serial port at 9600 bps //
}

void loop()
{
[Link](analogRead(mqxPin));
delay(1000); Print a measurement every second
}

Figure 3.6: gas sensor wiring (QM2)

32
2.5. Servo Motor

The servomotor integrates an electronic system that converts a digital signal into a
angle that will be reproduced by the direct current electric motor present in the
servomotor.

In our project, the choice of the servomotor was made according to the needs and functions it
must accomplish. This is a servomotor controlling horizontal rotation at an angle
de180°.

Figure 3.7: image and wiring of the servomotor (SLIDER)

Basic code

/*
Code 23 - [Link], intended for Arduino
Move the servo motor's arm in one direction and then in the other indefinitely.
*/

//*****DECLARATIVE HEADER*****
#include <Servo.h> // we include the library to control a servomotor

Servo myServo; // we create the object myServo

void setup()
{
[Link](9); // we define the pin used by the servo motor
}
void loop()
{

for (int position = 0; position <=180; position++){ // we create a variable position that takes values
values between 0 to 180 degrees
[Link](position); // the servo arm takes the position of the variable position
delay(15); // we wait 15 milliseconds

33
 }

for (int position = 180; position >= 0; position --){ // this time the variable position goes from 180 to 0°
[Link](position); // the servo arm takes the position of the variable position
delay(15); // the servomotor arm takes the position of the variable position
}
}
2.6Buzzer
It is an electromechanical or piezoelectric component that produces a distinct sound.
When a voltage is applied to it, the frequency of this sound signal is then relative to the signal.
applied. There are two types of buzzers, active and passive, the difference between them is that the
The active buzzer operates on direct current voltage, while the passive buzzer only works.
in alternating current.

3. Functional organization chart:

For the development of a project or program, the organizational chart will help define
briefly all the required functions and actions, which will help the design and subsequently
the programming of our Arduino board.

3.1 Organizational chart of the automatic air conditioning startup function and the
ventilation.

Start

N N
HUMID Temperature
Y >=30°C ?
>80%

YES YES

34
3.2 Organization chart of the gas leak detection function

Start

MQ2-
VALUE≥50
%

35
4. General assembly diagram

Figure 3.8: General diagram of the assembly.

36
5. Application Remote XY

RemoteXY is an easy way to create and use a graphical user interface.

mobile for controller cards to be controlled via a smartphone or tablet. The
system includes:
Mobile graphical interface editor for controller boards, located on the site
[Link]
RemoteXY mobile application that allows you to connect to the controller and control it.
through a graphical interface.
Distinctive characteristics:
.
The interface structure is stored in the controller. Once connected, there is no
interaction with the servers to download the interface. The interface structure is
downloaded on the mobile application from the controller.
.
A mobile application can manage all your devices. The number of devices is not
limited.
Connection between the controller and the mobile device using:
.
Client Wifi and access point;
Supported communication modules:
.
WiFi ESP8266;
Supported IDEs:
.
Arduino IDE;
Supported mobile OS:

Android;

37
 Figure 3.9: operation of the RemoteXY application.

With RemoteXY, you can create a remote control system for your
microcontroller device. To create the remote control with the microcontroller (Arduino), you
you must connect the communication module. The ESP8266 module allows for use
RemoteXY with a microcontroller for Wi-Fi.
RemoteXY allows you to configure the module to operate in one of two modes: point
access and client. The client allows the module to connect to an existing Wi-Fi access point.

The access point mode of the ESP8266 configures the module as an access point and allows
to connect Arduino directly to this point. The access point is available to connect to it.
connect from the smartphone within the range of the radio signal availability. For
set this mode in the editor configuration properties, you must
select the connection type 'Wi-Fi Hotspot'.

The power of the ESP8266 module can be supplied from the DC-DC board of the board.
Arduino at 3.3 V.

5.1 Arduino UNO + ESP8266 as a WiFi access point.

The system we propose has been implemented using two different software.
The microcontroller is programmed via the Arduino IDE. The Android mobile application has been designed.

38
 For the application, we perform the following tasks which are illustrated on the site
using RemoteXY.
[Link]

Step 1: Create a graphical user interface project

Enterthe editor [Link] a button in the Smartphone field. Put

Highlight this button, then set the property 'Snap to pin' to value 13 (LED)
in the right pane of the 'Element' tab.

Figure 3.10: The editor of the RemoteXY application.

Step 2: Configure the project

In the right panel, select the following settings under the 'Configuration' tab.

Figure 3.11: The widget 'configuration'.

39
 In the right panel, set the following parameters under the 'Module Interface' tab.

Figure 3.12: Module interface parameters.

The parameters indicate that the ESP8266 must be connected to the Arduino via serial.
material (pins 0 and 1) at a speed of 115200.
The parameters also specify the name of the future access point and the password for the point
access.

Step 3: Get the Arduino sketch

Press the 'Get Source Code' button.

On the page opened with the source code of the sketch, download it to your computer (the
link "Download the code") and open it in the Arduino IDE.
Also download the RemoteXY library (the 'Download the library' link) at
starting from this page.
The library being installed correctly, the source code of the sketch must be compiled.
without error.

40
Step 4: Log in from the mobile application.

Installation ofthe RemoteXY mobile applicationon the Smartphone.

Press the new connection button '+' in the top panel of the application.
In the window that opens, select the 'Wifi Access Point' connection.
In the Android app, turn on Wi-Fi and press the update button to
obtain the list of available access points. Select the RemoteXY access point. In
the window that opens, enter the password of the access point '12345678', press the
"Connect" button.

Figure 3.13: network configuration of the RemoteXY application on Smartphone.

41
After this step, the following interfaces are obtained on the smartphone.

42
6. Program
*/

//////////////////////////////////////////////

// RemoteXY include library //

//////////////////////////////////////////////

// RemoteXY select connection mode and include library

#define REMOTEXY_MODE ESP8266_HARDSERIAL_POINT

#include <RemoteXY.h>

// RemoteXY connection settings

#define REMOTEXY_SERIAL

Serial

#define REMOTEXY_SERIAL_SPEED 115200

RemoteXY

#define REMOTEXY_WIFI_PASSWORD

12345678

#define REMOTEXY_SERVER_PORT 6377

// RemoteXY

configure #pragma

pack(push, 1)

uint8_t RemoteXY_CONF[] =

255,5,0,32,0,102,1,11,13,4,131,4,16,2,68,8,1,119,24,77, 65,73,83,79,78,32,73,78,84,69

76,76,73,71,69,78,84,69,0,131,0,2,15,30,7,2,246,16,72,65,76,76,0,129,0,38,23,43,6,2

17,116,101,109,112,101,114,97,116,117,114,101,32,37,58,0,129,0,39,46

5.6 2 1 4.0 7.1 7.5 7.5 5.7 14.7 3.0 7.3 4 78 98

59,33,39,6,2,1,28,66,192,34,33,25,6,2,6,28,66,128,35,53, 61,6,2,133,28,129,0,56,40,10,

6,2,24,48,67,194,176,0,131,2, 1,25,30,7,3,130,31,115,97,108, 111,110,0,131,0,1,35,30,7,4,

45,31,67,72,65,77,66,82,69,0, 131,0,1,48,30,7,6,15,31,67, 85,73,83,73,78,69,0,69,0,4,

2,10,10,2,1,2,1,41,29,22, 11,3,135,32,31,31,79,78,0,79, 70,70,0,2,1,45,28,22,11,4,

135,46,31,31,79,78,0,79,70,70, 0,4,128,42,43,54,7,6,3,37, 1,10,86,2,12,12,2,15,31,88,

43
 0,129,0,52,26,24,12,1,135,69,83,69,0,129,0,46,42,44,8,1,135,40,50,48,50,48,47,50,48,50

49,41,0,129,0,39,12,46,11,1,135,77,65,83,84,69,82,0,65,4,83,28,9,9,6,65,1,83,51,9

9,6,65,2,78,30,9,9,3,2, 1,42,26,22,11,6,12,38,31,31, 79,78,0,79,70,70,0,69,0,87,

5,10,10,6,1,67,4,82,21,16, 9,2,2,26,11,67,4,80,43,18, 9,2,2,26,11 };

This structure defines all the variables and events of your control interface.

struct {

// input variables

uint8_t switch_1; // =1 if switch ON and =0 if OFF

uint8_t switch_2; // =1 if switch ON and =0 if OFF

int8_t slider_1; // =0..100 slider position

uint8_t button_1; // =1 if button pressed, else =0

uint8_t switch_3; // =1 if switch ON and =0 if OFF

// output variables

signed char level_temp_up; // =0..100 level position

signed char level_temp_down; // =0..100 level position

signed char level_hum; // =0..100 level position

int16_t sound_1; // =0 no sound, else ID of sound, =1001 for example, look sound list in app

uint8_t led_1_r; // =0..255 LED Red brightness

uint8_t led_2_b; // =0..255 LED Blue brightness

uint8_t led_3_g; // =0..255 LED Green brightness

int16_t sound_2; // =0 no sound, else ID of sound, =1001 for example, look sound list in app

char text_temp[11]; // string UTF8 end zero

char text_hum[11]; // string UTF8 end zero

// other variable

unsigned char connect_flag; // =1 if wire connected, else =0

} RemoteXY;

44
#pragma pack(pop)

#include "DHT.h"

#define DHTPIN 2

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHT22);

#include <Servo.h>

Servo myservo;

int smokeA0 = A3;

Your threshold value

int sensorThres = 500;

/////////////////////////////////////////////

// END RemoteXY include //

/////////////////////////////////////////////

#define PIN_SWITCH_1

A1 #define

PIN_SWITCH_2 A2

#define PIN_BUTTON_1 4

#define PIN_SWITCH_3 7

int led_1_r= 12;

int led_2_b = 11;

int led_3_g = A1;

void setup()

RemoteXY_Init ();

pinMode(A4, OUTPUT);

set pin mode of A5 to OUTPUT;

pinMode(12, OUTPUT);

45
 pinMode(11, OUTPUT);

pinMode(PIN_SWITCH_1, OUTPUT);

pinMode (PIN_SWITCH_2, OUTPUT);

pinMode (PIN_BUTTON_1,

OUTPUT); pinMode (PIN_SWITCH_3,

OUTPUT);

[Link](9);

RemoteXY.slider_1 = 50;

pinMode(smokeA0, INPUT);

[Link](115200);

// TODO you setup code

void loop()

RemoteXY_Handler ();

digitalWrite(PIN_SWITCH_1, (RemoteXY.switch_1==0)?LOW:HIGH);

digitalWrite(PIN_SWITCH_2, (RemoteXY.switch_2==0)?LOW:HIGH);

digitalWrite(PIN_BUTTON_1, (RemoteXY.button_1==0)?LOW:HIGH);

digitalWrite(PIN_SWITCH_3, (RemoteXY.switch_3==0)?LOW:HIGH);

float temp = [Link]();

float hum = [Link]();

dtostrf(temp, 0, 1,

RemoteXY.text_temp);

dtostrf(hum, 0, 1,

RemoteXY.text_hum); if (temp<0) {

RemoteXY.level_temp_up = 0;

RemoteXY.level_temp_down = min (-

temp*2,100);

}
else if (temp > 0) {

46
 RemoteXY.level_temp_up

min(temp*2,100);

RemoteXY.level_temp_down = 0;

else {

RemoteXY.level_temp_up

0;

RemoteXY.level_temp_down = 0;

RemoteXY.level_hum

hum; int maxHum = 80;

int maxTemp = 30;

/*int maxHum1 = 68;

int maxTemp1 = 20;

if(hum >= maxHum ) {

digitalWrite(A4, HIGH);

} else if(hum < maxHum) {

digitalWrite(A4, LOW);

if(temp >= maxTemp) {

digitalWrite(A5, HIGH);

} else if(temp < maxTemp )

digitalWrite(A5, LOW);

if (digitalRead(4) == HIGH) {

RemoteXY.sound_1 = 2029;

}
else {

RemoteXY.sound_1

0;

47
}

if(digitalRead(A1) == HIGH){

RemoteXY.led_3_g=255;}

else {

RemoteXY.led_3_g=0;

int analogSensor = analogRead(smokeA0);

Pin A0:

[Link](analogSensor);

if (analogSensor > sensorThres)

digitalWrite(12, HIGH);

digitalWrite(11, LOW);

else

digitalWrite(12, LOW);

digitalWrite(11, HIGH);

delay(100);

if (digitalRead(12) == HIGH) {

RemoteXY.sound_2 = 2003;

else {

RemoteXY.sound_2 = 0;}

if(digitalRead(11) == HIGH)

48
RemoteXY.led_2_b=255;}

else {

RemoteXY.led_2_b=0;

if(digitalRead(12) == HIGH){

RemoteXY.led_1_r=255;

else {

RemoteXY.led_1_r=0;

int ms =

RemoteXY.slider_1*20+500;

[Link](ms);

// TODO your loop code

use the RemoteXY structure for data transfer

do not call delay()

49
[Link] implementation.

NotrThe project aims to manage and control a smart home via internet
through an Android application.

The central unit we have chosen for our home automation system is designed around
an Arduino Uno board + an application (REMOTEXY) interconnected via a module
wifi (ESP8266), on local network.
The elements that go into the design of our smart home are objects

50
connected:
Temperature and humidity sensor for air conditioning and ventilation control
(illustrated in the model by two 220v lamps).
Gas sensor that triggers an alarm upon detecting gas.
A servo motor for opening and closing doors.
LED indicators for the lighting and operation of devices.
The implementation of this project is divided into two parts, soft part and hard part. We note that
We drew inspiration from certain applications already made that can be found on the internet.
with additions and modifications,

51
 General conclusion
In recent years, computing, electronics, and communication technology
have experienced significant development, and have been applied in house design
intelligent, which aims to assist the resident in various domestic situations, it
ensure comfort, improve living conditions and the feeling of security and allows
the economy of energy.

In this context, we attempted to develop a home automation system by addressing the

the concept of intelligence in a reduced space, that of the home. A house that allows for
control household devices locally or remotely. To do this, we have
considered the Arduino UNO board as the brain of the system, we also
exploited the WIFI communication protocol of the ESP8266 card which ensures the link between the
system and the Android application (REMOTEXY) that we used. Our project had
to disable certain household devices automatically lighting,
to alert in case of fire or gas leak, the remote opening and closing of a door
through a smartphone.

During the implementation of this project, we encountered some difficulties with

level in programming to integrate all achievements into one and the same
program and in terms of the availability of equipment and software, but despite this, we
were able to achieve the objectives assigned to this project.

The opportunity that was given to us to work on this final project has
allows us to enhance our ability to work in groups and enrich our knowledge
acquired during the university course as well as the openness to a very promising field,
the one of home automation and familiarize ourselves with its different applications, which could
we can be very useful in our life.

Regarding the prospects for improvement, several avenues can be considered.

for more comfort and safety. We can develop other features and them
add to our home automation system such as multimedia management, internal surveillance and
external with cameras, an automatic irrigation system.
 biblio

Bibliography
Chapter 1 and 2
Boukhoutia Abed El Adem Mohammed 5 University Rabat 2016

Aboubakar Elhamoumi, Design and realization of a smart house

smart home, Hassan 1st University.

Home automation or the connected house. Retrieved from cea:

[Link] automation
[Link]

Smart home - Connected habitat, 361 home automation installations

multimedia. Dunod.

Mr: METAHRI.M, Ms. ABDELLI.S, "Smart House", Master's Thesis,

ABOU BEKR BELKAID University of Tlemcen, Algeria, 2017

Maissa DAOUDI. (2017). Remote control of electronic devices by

artificial vision. Adrar.

SIRLAN Technologies, "Building automation, Home automation, Maintenance

at home, Sirlanoverview, 3 Irène Joliot street, France.

Nadia ESTANG, 'New technology programs: comfort and home automation'

training day, Toulouse Academy, May 2010.

Astalaseven, Eskimon and Olyte, "Arduino to get started well in electronics and in
Programming, Creative Commons License BY-NC-SA 2.0.

[Link]

th9/embedded-systems-42588210/introduction-to-the-internet-of-things-h8050/

[11] :[Link] Internet of Things (IoT)

[Link] input format. Please provide text for translation.

[Link]
[Link]
Home Automation, what is it?
[Online]. Available [Link] Home automation - what is it
[ Accessed: 13 - Feb - 2019).

53
 bibliography

Chapter III

Design and implementation of a telemetry system with ARDUINO and Android

Mazouni Mohammed Sofiane Mr. Embouazza Imad - Eddine] ( Aboubakr Belkaïd University
Tlemcen] [2018] (PFE)

Movement, light and sound with Arduino and Raspberry PI

Eyrolles ] [ BOOK]

The Big Book of Arduino

+
[Link]/products/compare[Website]

The provided text is a URL and does not contain translatable content.

[6]Invalid input. Please provide text for translation.

[Link]

[8]:[Link]

[Link]

54
 Summary
biblio

The internet has developed significantly

especially recently. Nowadays
the use of the internet is not limited to the
network management, but has also expanded to
management of objects, and that is what it is called
Internet of Things, by far the most domains
in view of the use of this new
technology is the field of home automation which
is currently called the smart home.
Indeed, the smart home market
should experience increasing demand in
reason for the availability of the equipment
comfort and protection, as well as the
writing of energy cost. In the context of this
research project, we aim to integrate the
Internet of Things technology in a house
smart, using open solutions
source, and by focusing on four
interdependent basic elements, namely:

Central organ.

Sensors scattered around the house.

Actuators.

Command interface.

These four elements could make the house

intelligent.

Keywords: Smart home, Internet of Things,

home automation, sensor, actuator, interface of
order.

:‫ﻣﻠﺧﺹ‬
،‫ﺍﻷﺧﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻵﻭﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺍ ﺗﻁﻭﺭﺍ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﺷﻬﺩﺕ‬
‫ﺕﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺎ ﺭﺑﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﺗﺻﺭ ﺍﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺑﻌﺩﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺀﺍﻷﺷﻳﺎ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺗﻭﺍﺻﻝ ﻭﺳﻳﻠﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻳﻣﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺻﺑﺣﺕ‬
‫ﻥﻣ ﻭﻟﻌﻝ ﺍﻷﺷﻳﺎﺀ ﺍﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻳﺳﻣﻰ ﺟﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﺻﻁﻠﺢ ﻭﻅﻬﺭ‬
‫ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﺃﺗﻣﺗﺔ ﻣﻳﺩﺍﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺍﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻳﺎﺩﻳﻥ ﺃﺑﺭﺯ‬، ‫ﺎﻣ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻛﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻳﺳﻣﻰ‬. ‫ﻻﺇﻗﺑﺎ ﺑﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺷﻬﺩﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ‬
‫ﻩﺗﻭﻓﺭ ﻟﻣﺎ ﻧﻅﺭﺍ ﻣﺗﺯﺍﻳﺩﺍ ﻭﻁﻠﺑﺎ ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺍ‬
.‫ ﺭﺍﺣﺔ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻣﻥ‬، ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺧﻔﺽ ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺔﺗﻘﻧﻳ ﺗﺟﺳﻳﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻣﺷﺭﻭﻋﻧﺎ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻥ ﻧﻬﺩﻑ‬
‫ﺓﺃﺟﻬﺯ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻝ ﺫﻛﻲ ﻣﻧﺯﻝ ﺩﺍﺧﻝ ﺍﻷﺷﻳﺎﺀ ﺍﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‬
 ‫ﻰﻋﻠ ﺭﻛﺯﻧﺎ ﺍﻧﻧﺎ ﺣﻳﺙ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﻣﻔﺗﻭﺣﺔ ﻭﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ‬
‫ﻲﻫ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ‪،‬ﻭﻣﺗﺭﺍﺑﻁﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﻋﻧﺎﺻﺭ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻵﺗﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺭﻛﺯﻳﺔ ﻭﺣﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺯﻝ ﺃﻧﺣﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻭﺯﻋﺔ ﺍﺳﺗﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺃﺟﻬﺯﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻧﻔﺫﺍﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺣﻛﻡ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺫﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺯﻝ ﺑﺟﻌﻝ ﻛﻔﻳﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻧﺎﺻﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕﺍﻧﺗﺭﻧ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺫﻛﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺯﻝ ‪:‬ﺍﻟﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻛﻡ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ‪،‬ﻣﻧﻔﺫ ‪،‬ﺣﺳﺎﺱ ‪،‬ﺍﻷﺷﻳﺎﺀ‪.‬‬

‫‪55‬‬
biblio Abstract
In recent times, the internet has grown
considerably, in our day the use of the internet
is not limited to the management of networks,
but also has extended to the management of
things, or so-called Internet of [Link]
automation is considered one of the most
prominent fields that use this new technology,
now it's called Smart Home. In fact, the smart
home market is expected to grow in demand,
due to the availability of comfort and protection
equipment, as well as the decrease of energy
costs. Within the framework of this research
project, we aim to integrate Internet of Things
technology into a smart home, using open
source hardware and software, and focusing on
four interdependent elements, namely:

Central Organ.

Sensors scattered in the house.

Actuators.

Command interface.

These four elements could make the house smart.

Smart home, internet of things, home

automation, sensor, actuator, command interface.
56