Chapter 7 - Langman - Body Cavities
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ScribdTranslationsBody cavities
Introduction
On the 11th, 12th, and 13th, cavities start to form from here.
Formation of the body cavity
At the end of the 3rd week, that intraembryonic mesoderm divides into 3:
Paraxial mesoderm forms the skull and the vertebrae
Intermediate mesoderm the urogenital system is going to give us
Mesoderm of the lateral plate it is going to give us the body cavities, this one
divide into 2
the space
On one splanchnic (or visceral) layer and another somatic (or parietal) layer.
among them is the intraembryonic cavity, which is a part of the body cavity
Initially, the intraembryonic cavity is in contact with the cavity.
extraembryonic
In the 4th week, the embryo begins to fold, this is what will cause the
communication is closing
The endoderm continues to fold and folds downwards to form the tube.
intestinal
The visceral layer it develops in a ventral direction and remains in contact
directly with the intestinal tube
The parietal layer it joins with the ectoderm, all that part will form what is
the skin gives rise to the folds of the lateral wall of the body, it will also grow in
ventral sense, because in the midline they will encounter the folds
pleuroparietales and there it will close
Our body is divided into 2 intraembryonic cavities, which are the cavity
thoracic and abdominal
Between the visceral and parietal layers this is the primitive body cavity
Body wall anomalies
Cardiac extrophy It happens when the folds of the body wall do not
they close in the midline within the thoracic region, may or may not have a fissure of
sternum
Cantrell Pentology
Omphalocele the amnion surrounds everything that is outside
Gastroschisis the intestines are out and there is no membrane
Bladder exstrophy
Cloacal exstrophy (bladder and rectum)
serous membrane
The cells of the somatic mesoderm will line the coelom, these will
transform into mesothelial cells, there it will come to the parietal face of the membranes,
which goes to the wall of the cavities and the splenic membrane will form the visceral layer
of the serous membranes, which will be the wall of the organs
The visceral and parietal layers will merge in the dorsal mesentery, which is the one that
fix in the intestine to the column
The dorsal mesentery it only goes from the causal intestine to the upper part of the
duodenum
The V, lymphatic vessels and N go towards the organs in the mesenteries.
Thoracic cavity
The transverse septum is a membrane that comes from the posterior part of the embryo and goes
to grow towards the ventral part, it occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and the
pedicle of the yolk sac and will form the diaphragm, which is the muscle that divides
the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity, this septum partially separates the
thoracic cavity of the abdominal cavity, because it is only behind
In front are the pericardioperitoneal canals on either side of the intestine,
which grow on the dorsal side and there will come a time when they will fuse by
forward the 2 channels and behind with the transverse septa, those sketches
pulmonary grow towards those channels. As the lung expands, the mesoderm
divided in the definitive wall of the thorax and the pleuropericardial membranes, these are
they will merge with each other and with the pulmonary root and the pleural cavities will form
and the pericardial cavity
Formation of the diaphragm
It is the formation between the thoracic and abdominal cavity, there is a moment when
the cavities are connected, it will form from 3 areas of the 2 folds
pleuroperitoneal (forming in the anterior part) and the transverse septum
(forming in the back part), they are going to grow towards the center which is where
they merge
The peripheral rim (both of the folds and the septum) myoblasts will appear
to form the muscular part of the diaphragm. The transverse septum will give rise
to the tendon portion
There go the phrenic nerves, the phrenic nerve is the one that innervates the diaphragm, this
allows us to breathe in when the diaphragm contracts and to make the
exhalation when the diaphragm relaxes
By the 6th week, the diaphragm is already located at the level of the thoracic somites.
Defects
Left diaphragmatic hernia it is due to one or both membranes
Pleuropericardial do not close the pericardioperitoneal canals.
Right diaphragmatic hernia
Absence of diaphragm there is no diaphragm
