ADDRESSING THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

1. Topic selection

Choosing the topic. I have the idea... what's next?

I am at the first step of a research, which is considered very important because of the correct
the selection of the topic will depend on its success. I will refer to what we must do to select a
appropriate, relevant and important research topic that allows us to address the research process
with passion and interest
It is advisable that the idea arises from an area of interest of the researcher, from an internal motivation and a
certain knowledge of the topic; that there is sufficient bibliographic and electronic information, that it is feasible
collect data of interest, that is relevant and contributes ideas to knowledge. It is important to keep in mind
One should not force the researcher to address a topic with which they do not identify.
Next, I want to highlight some recommendations provided by Hernández, Fernández, & Baptista.
(2003) to guide this selection:

Try to choose a novel topic that has not been studied in depth and, if it has been, do so.
you can approach it from a different perspective. Analyze whether it meets the requirements demanded for a thesis or
thesis you must prepare.
2. Start by investigating the topic that caught your attention. Research through the Internet what it
has published about it; reads printed materials that contain it; newspapers, magazines; talks with
teachers who can help you clarify your idea.
3. Visit libraries and look for theses that contain background related to the theme that
it occupies you; they can be published and structured theses that report the results of the research or
previous analyses.
4. Locate topics that have already been researched but are less structured with few documents available.
writings and also scattered. If so, talk to teachers, experts on the subject, friends. The internet continues
being a great resource in these cases. The combination of sources leads to defining the thematic area to
to approach.
5. The same topic can be approached from different angles; select the main perspective, not
unique, from which you will do it. Although your study focuses on a particular perspective, it should not
forget about others that concern them. Example: school bullying could be addressed from the point of view
psychological to study the emotional processes of the harasser and the victim; it can also be observed
from a family perspective, for example: what is the personal environment of bullying students like and
Surrounded. The important thing is to establish which perspective will lead the study and to follow the chosen line.
References
Hernández Sampieri, R.; Fernández Collado, C. and Baptista Lucio, P. (2003). Methodology of the
Research. Mexico.

the selection of the research topic

selection of the research topic.

Notes on Methodology and Writing

S.A.

Rodríguez Noriega, Yajaira/ Pineda, Miguel. (2003). The Experience of Research. Recommendations
Essentials for conducting research and not dying in the attempt. Valencia: Papiro. Editorial Fund
Children.

Sabino, C. (2007). The research process. Caracas, Venezuela: Panapo.

The selection of the research topictnavigation - Approve Everything

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Important The definition of the topic ofresearchit is one of the most important decisions in
theprocessof research, and for this the researcher must seek a field of research
it should be attractive and, if possible, with which I have had some experience, it should be the most
as precise and limited as possible. Clearly and accurately determine the content of theworka
to present.

THE IDEA. To start a research project, an idea is always needed. Ideas constitute the
first approach to the reality that will have to be investigated. Most of the initial ideas
they are vague and require careful analysis in order to be transformed into
more precise and structured approaches "..when apersondevelop an idea of
research must become familiar with the field ofknowledgewhere the idea is located..
Labovitz and Hagedorn (1976)

ORIGIN OF THE PROBLEM

To solve a problem, the first step is to correctly identify the problem and its source.
This concept that seems obvious is not always taken into account or is not always given the
importance it deserves, as a consequence of that mistake efforts are made to solve problems
mistaking the origin of the problem.
By taking an incorrect origin of the problem, we will never be able to find the solution, perhaps.
let's apply palliative measures to the problem but we will never be able to solve it.

THE CHOICE OF THE THEME

We will dedicate this chapter to examining the problems that most frequently arise in the phases
initial steps of any investigative work, assuming that this may be of interest for
those who set out, from the beginning, the task of writing a thesis. If the reader has already resolved
Such question - and have sufficient experience in terms of research - can go directly to
next chapter. We will begin outlining a conceptual distinction that we believe is necessary: it is not
the same to choose and delimit a thematic area as to propose a research problem. The
first simply indicate that a field of work, a field of study has been defined on
which may or may not undergo scientific investigation. Posing a problem, on the other hand, means
I have found some point that warrants an investigation since, on this matter,
there is insufficient or unreliable knowledge. A thematic area is something that the researcher
finds -in the overwhelming majority of cases- previously established; in the course of
the development of a discipline is undergoing a process of specialization and delimitation
of fields that allows it to be subdivided into increasingly specific areas as it
They accumulate and develop the respective knowledge. Thus, for example, today no one studies physics in.
general, but it focuses on research in some of its fields: optics, electronics, physics
of solid state, etc. Those specialties, however, are still too broad for
who intends to undertake a research project: electronics, to cite just one case, is today a
vast field of work in which there are countless particular areas. The same,
Indeed, it happens with law, medicine, or sociology. In each case, the thesis writer or the researcher...
they will have to select a specific field, because scientific research is not carried out in the
general terms but defining specific problems within particular areas of
knowledge: the application of labor law in rural areas, the study of a certain
disease, the living conditions of certain social groups. A problem of
research is, on the other hand, a set of questions we ask ourselves in relation to
Some aspect of reality. It is something that we do not precisely know about.
we formulate questions, since there is still no established knowledge on the matter. For
Hello, the problem is also presented to the researcher as a subject, as a concern or desire to
to know, insofar as a thematic area exists by itself, as a product of knowledge already
accumulated. It is no longer a research problem to determine the distance that lies between the
Earth and the Sun, although it was some centuries ago; but it remains a thematic area for the
astronomers everything related to the knowledge of the Earth's orbit. They are research problems
or of knowledge, in the same way, knowing why a certain material has certain
coefficient of elasticity or find out how the divorce rate has evolved in a
concrete society. Having clarified the difference between the two terms that concern us, we will proceed to
See next how it is possible to select a work theme and a problem of
research that is accessible to the thesis student and facilitates the development of their work, without detriment
of its quality.

Reference:The provided text is not translatable content. Please provide a different text to translate.

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LOCATION OF THE PROBLEM

Delimitation and location of the problem

Mario Bunge states that: "there are no infallible recipes for preparing
correct solutions to research problems through mere
management of the ingredients of the problem. However, measures can be taken
take into account some suggestions that allow to delimit and locate the
Research problem such as the following:

Elements of the problem

Problems as such do not exist; it is the researcher who poses them.

given their concerns, observation skills, and knowledge.

This statement is based on the fact that in the face of a phenomenon or

given situation, we could all overlook them, but only one does
stops and contemplates the questions it raises for him.

Research design

This consists of clearly and precisely indicating the direction and the goal.
So identifying the field to which the problem belongs would be in principle
the first step; determine with all its characteristics the problem to
to resolve; it would be the second step; to set the goal that is being aimed for, or
better said, to establish what the goal is that is intended to be achieved with the
research; for this, the procedures must be defined, that is, the
methodology and all types of requirements that will allow obtaining the
information through the processes if that were the case.

Reference:Delimitation and location of the problem (eumed.net)

TRANSCENDENCE OF THE PROBLEM

The transcendence of the problem mainly depends on how we see it. The more...
the importance we give it may seem greater since we give it a greater value than it
It may possibly have. We just need to give it the importance it deserves to make it easier.
find solutions that help us solve it faster

I agree with you that sometimes we do not know the origin or we do not give the
the importance that the problem deserves this could cause a poor resolution of the problem is
It's important to know about the significance in order to resolve it correctly depending on it.
origin of the problem and thus reach the solution of the conflict.
COMMENT: Felipe Cárdenas Acevedo

To solve any problem, the first thing to do is analyze the situation.

problematic by stating it in clear and precise terms, frame it as a question that
leads us logically to an adequate solution, providing an explanation where cases are presented
that gave rise to their approach and to avoid problems that have no solution.
COMMENT: ITZEL LEONOR JUAN APOLINA

Reference:Problem Solving: ORIGIN AND TRANSCENDENCE OF THE PROBLEM

(solutionofproblemsteam11.blogspot.com)

Transcendence of the problem In this subsection, the consequences involved are documented.
the problem that is desired to be studied, if possible quantified and grounded in the literature
scientific. Transcendence can be understood as the value that society places on
problem according to its severity and its consequences. Sometimes, it can occur
the case where society has not yet weighed the problem and yet it is important.
It also helps to focus the social relevance of the project. It is useful to also raise the
implications that the absence or resolution of the problem would have, in order to better justify its
the importance.

Reference:Unable to translate the provided text as it appears to be a file name and not a translatable text.

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Transcendence: Assessment that society makes about the problem according to its severity and
consequences

RESEARCH SOURCES

Whataresourcesofinformation?
In aresearch, we talk about sources of information or sources
documentaries to refer to the origin of ainformationdetermined, it is
to say, the medium in which we find information and which we can
refer to third parties so that they, in turn, can recover it for themselves.
Sources of information can be of very diverse types and can
to providedatamore or less reliable, which will decisively influence
determinant in the results we are going to obtain.Investigateto obtain
information, and knowing how to research is, therefore, knowing how to gather the
information in the most reliable way possible.

In the contemporary world, information flows and is at your fingertips.

thanks toInternetand at thetechnologiescomputerized. However, one
finds it poorly organized and poorly structured, making much of it
loses itself among “junk” information or of little value, that has been repeated so much that it has

I lose necessary context or it has transformed into what it is not.

For this reason, being able to identify reliable and relevant sources is
more necessary than ever, just like management studies of the
information. Moreover, information is fundamental for atake of
decisionsresponsible, thereforecompaniesyorganizationsthey trust in
thorough investigations with reliable sources to reach theirobjectives.

Typesofsourcesofinformation
Sources of information can be classified into:

Primary sources are those that are as close as possible to the event.
what is being investigated, that is, with the least possible amount of intermediation.
For example, if a car accident is being investigated, the primary sources
they would be the direct witnesses, who observed the action happening. On the other hand, if it
investigate a historical event, the collection of direct testimonies would be a
possible primary source.
Secondary sources, on the other hand, are based on primary ones.
they are given some type of treatment, whether synthetic, analytical, interpretive or
evaluative, in order to propose new forms of information.
For example, if a historical event is researched, the secondary sources would be
those books written about it long after what happened.
based on primary or direct sources. If what is being investigated, as in the
previous example, it is an accident, then asummaryfrom the testimonies of
The witnesses, written by the police, constitute a secondary source.
Tertiary. They are those that compile and comment on the sources.
primary and/or secondary, thus being areadingmixed testimonials and
interpretations, for example. Considering the case of the accident, a source
 the complete police file, which includesphotos,
testimonialsreportspolice reports prepared based on these last ones, etc.

Examplesofsourcesofinformation
Sources of information or documentation can be found in various
supports, as recordingsaudiovisualaudio recordings, books,
articles, written press and basically any type of support that
allow capturing and preserving the information, to recover it later.

On the other hand, testimonies, narratives, are sources of information,

reviews, theessays, theweb pages, the reflections, the
listsbibliographical, the indexes, the professional recordings, accidental
or clandestine, thephotographs, the recordings and even illustrations

Reliablesourcesofinformation
The reliability of an information source comes from its handling.
the one responsible for it. Reliable sources of information are those that:

They clearly indicate what their own sources are. To the extent that
the more reliable the sources are, the greater the credibility
accumulated.
Apply understandable reasoning or interpretations. That is to say, expose
your ideas clearly, transparently, openly, without hiding information and
sinconclusionsdisparate.
Avoid plagiarism and repetition. The responsible management of information involves
for not blindly repeating what others say, nor stealing the information that
third parties have rescued, but it addresses the issue seriously and gradually
frominterest.
Manage different perspectives. The choice of sources can reveal a
bias in any research, which is why it is always considered responsible
to encompass as many points of view as possible, even when they are
contradictory. A responsible text has nothing to hide.
 It is legitimized by third parties. To the extent that a source is
considered reliable by a large number of serious researchers, will be
more likely to be reliable, as it is very difficult to deceive the judgment of
hundreds ofprofessionalsfrom the research forever.

References:
Documentary sourceWikipedia.
Types of sources of informationUniversity Library of
Alcalá(Spain)
The sources of informationUniversity of Valencia(Spain).
Sources of informationPan American Health Organization.
Sources of information and management of diffuse informationGestiópolis.

Last edited: September 9, 2020. How to cite: "Sources of

Information
Available at: https://concepto.de/fuentes-de-informacion/. Consulted: 26
February 2021.

Source:Unable to access external links.

What are the Sources of

Research?
For

Tatiana Mejia Jervis

The sources of research are the multiple types of

documents that provide useful information and knowledge required
to carry out a research and, consequently, generate
knowledge.

These types of fonts can also be called sources of

information and vary according to the needs of the process of
research of which they are a part. Examples of research or of
Information includes articles, videos, books, or interviews.

Every research process begins with the search for

information related to a defined topic, and is developed around
the various available sources (hypotheses, theories, techniques, among
other types of documents).

Research sources allow the researcher to carry out a

critical analysis of information. These are chosen according to the
proposed emphasis for the research and they can be both
primary sources (interviews, news, original documents, etc.)
as secondary sources (encyclopedias, review of summaries,
bibliographies, etc.).

Primary and secondary sources are equally valid. Without

embargo, primary sources are known as sources of
primary sources, while secondary ones are those
composed of summarized information related to a topic
punctual.

Every research requires the use of different types of sources.

of research, in order to ensure that the research is
objective and not biased by the opinion of the person carrying it out.

Characteristics of the sources of

research
Research sources are a tool dedicated to the
information search, for the subsequent creation of
knowledge.

They allow the researcher to stay informed about changes and advancements.
that take place within a specific field or topic.

They are informational resources aimed at providing a

concrete response to previously raised questions.
Its usefulness is determined by the information needs.
of the users. These needs vary from one research to
another and cover the location and acquisition of documents
specific or general about the topic.

References
1. Porto, J. P., & Merino, M. (2008). Obtained from Definition of News:
definition of
2. Porto, J. P., & Merino, M. (2009). Definition of. Obtained from Definition of
journal: definition.de
3. University, B. G. (September 12, 2017). Healey Library. Obtained from
Primary Sources: A Research Guide: umb.libguides.com
4. Wigodski, J. (July 8, 2010). Research Methodology. Obtained from
Primary and Secondary Sources: methodologyinresearch.blogspot.com.co
5. Woodley, M. (February 7, 2016). McQuade Library. Retrieved from Three
Types of Resources: libguides.merrimack.edu.
APA

2. –THE SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Although the bibliography on the subject is becoming increasingly abundant, it is also true
that there is still no consensus theory on what should be understood by
sources of information. In this work, we are not going to delve into the
subject,3although we will share our opinion about it, in order to be able to
define and clarify what we understand by guide or repertoire of sources of
information. There are two fields of human activity where the sources of
information has been the subject of study: that of the theory and methodology of the
research, and that of library science and documentation; in both areas, there has been
studied as tools of indispensable use to achieve the
information needed by researchers and users of information centers such as
necessary resources to access information and knowledge in general.
And in the field of library science, such sources are applied encompassing everyone.
those instruments that the information professional operates or creates to
meet the demands and informational needs of users of any
information unit, whether a file, a library, or a center of
documentation.4Therefore, and although the term refers to every principle,
foundation and origin of information, the meaning that will be given in the present work
it will be one more restrictive: the one that refers to sources of information as everything
resource that provides the required information to anyone, whether it is a
institution, a document or a person, whether created for that purpose or not, and is
used directly or through an information professional as
intermediary. For this reason, it can be stated that the main characteristic trait of the
sources of information as a whole is their usefulness. They are useful for anyone
a person who has an informational need and wishes to satisfy it; for
researchers, information professionals, and the general public, but
fundamentally for the seconds, because knowing them and being able to handle them
they can resolve any informational needs of their users and help them to do
the same. They are also essential in any information search process. The
Information sources meet all types of demands, adapting to them with a
variety that makes them indispensable as tools of work or resources
informative in any search or informational need.

The types of sources vary according to the disciplines and the order in which they are to be
consult. Some theorists of librarianship or professionals of services
reference have analyzed the different types of information requests that can
to take place in a library, and they offer a typology that helps to understand the different
possible types of information that sources can provide, and not only in those
centers.

But information sources are especially useful for the researcher, who does not
You can start your work without having prior knowledge of them. In any process of
research, whatever its level (course work, doctoral thesis, writing
of books, etc.), the use of certain instruments becomes essential
I work to obtain the information that the researcher needs. The different
methods5offered by the scholars of the subject to guide the researcher towards his
purpose, includes an initial phase in every research process that is called
one way or another, it refers to the researcher's need to know in what
The state of the topic that will be the subject of study is being examined. To do this, the phase of
bibliographic and documentary research in order to obtain the information that
needs, looking for the material and compiling it to later extract from it what
needs. The researcher begins their work by handling those sources that they know will serve them.
They will serve to understand the state of the issue. But besides being useful to you in that phase
Initially, the sources will serve you, throughout the research, to control and
to take advantage of the contributions that will occur, and to complete and deepen
more in their progress. And on some occasions, the sources can also be them.
the same object of study of the researcher. Umberto Eco6highlight three issues in
relationship with the sources: where they are accessible, if they are easily accessible and if it is being
trained to handle them.

Source:Methodology for the preparation of information source guides (scielo.org.mx)

Sources of information
To conclude, we find it important to mention the sources of
information, which must be defined based on the bibliographic review, and
must be present in the methodological framework of all research. Méndez
2008, p.18 explains that 'For educational purposes and considering exclusively the
criteria of the data type and that of the source being processed in the research, this
can be divided into primary or secondary (...)” (p. 18).
Barrantes (2013) mentions three types of information sources:

Primary or direct source: Provides first-hand information:

informants, study subjects, photographs, statistical yearbooks, memos,
minutes, private correspondence, codes of laws.
Secondary source: Compilations and lists of published references in
an area of knowledge; translations, compilations, reproductions of texts
within other texts.
Tertiary sources: Periodicals, bulletins, books (p. 109).

References

Barrantes, R. (2013). Distance study methods and research: module of

research: in search of scientific knowledge. San José, EUNED.

Córdoba-Pachón, J. (2005). Perspectives for the information society.

Thinking & Management. (19), 78-100. Retrieved from

Unable to access external content from the link provided.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

We call primary data those that the researcher obtains.

directly from the researched reality. Secondary data are those that have been obtained by
others and they usually arrive already prepared and processed. It is basically obtained through the
written documents corresponding: books, magazines, etc.

WHAT DOES BIBLIOGRAPHIC RESEARCH CONSIST OF

Bibliographic research is characterized by the use of secondary data as a source.

of information. It seeks to find solutions to problems posed by a dual approach: a)
Relating existing data coming from different sources. b) Providing a vision
panoramic and systematic overview of a specific issue developed from multiple dispersed sources.
One of the main advantages of a bibliographic design is that it allows for a wide range of coverage.
of phenomena since it encompasses a much more expansive space-time reality. A possible
The downside is that there may be doubt about the quality of the bibliographic sources. For
To alleviate this difficulty, the researcher must ensure: The specific conditions in which they have
The data has been obtained. The absence of inconsistencies or contradictions. Use multiple sources.
different, comparing them carefully. In summary, bibliographic research consists of the
search, collection, organization, evaluation, critique, and information of bibliographic data.

THE BIBLIOGRAPHIC DESIGN

The basic tasks of a bibliographic investigation are, in purely orientative terms:

a) Know and explore all sources that may be useful to us.

b) Read all available sources in a discriminatory manner, highlighting the aspects

essential.

c) Proceed to the collection of the data.

d) Compare the obtained data by observing the coincidences or discrepancies and evaluate them.
reliability. e) Draw the corresponding conclusions.

HOW TO COLLECT, PROCESS, ANALYZE AND SYNTHESIZE SECONDARY DATA

Secondary data is often found scattered across different publications located in

different files and libraries. The databases that can be used via the Internet,
specialized digital search engines and online catalogs of the main libraries facilitate
enormously the search. Once we know the available information that we consider
opportune, the next step will consist of making a quick reading of it to carry out a first
selection that will later be refined in a more settled reading - study. In both cases it is very
It is advisable to collect, preferably in some digital format, the texts from which
It is assumed that they may have some interest later on. It is important to start from a scheme.
general of the work that will include a provisional index of chapters and sections and that will facilitate us
enormously the work of classification and grouping of the collected information. If the analysis
what is carried out shows discrepancies, it will be necessary to evaluate the level of trust that each deserves
source, and consequently adopt a reasoned and coherent personal stance.
Seminar: Introduction to Research Methodology Development of the Theoretical Framework Done
this is composed or assembled from the general work, based on the partial elements of which
we have.

Bibliography

2. R. Hernández Sampieri, R., Fernández Collado, C. and Baptista Lucio, P. (1991): Methodology
from the research. McGraw-Hill.
I Learn to Research in Education
2000.

Source:Microsoft Word - pes4_1 (unam.mx)

 Bibliographic research
Paradoxically, in today's times, the great challenge of seeking information is not
in managing to find it, but rather in classifying the material found and having the
necessary clarity to ensure its validity.

We live in societies where information abounds, the Technologies of the

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have contributed to the dissemination of all kinds of

information; allowing us to be informed about everything that happens in the world

in real time or synchronously.

According to the explanationCórdoba-Pachón (2005):

With the development of information-based societies, it is intended to develop

a series of visions in which knowledge plays an essential role in the
society. Individuals can access it, generate new knowledge in the form
of products and information services (for example, software programs, databases
of data, services via the internet) (p. 81-82).

In this context, it is important for researchers to have

theskills or competencies that allow them to identify and systematize
quality information for the proper development of the research process; already
that although there is a large amount of information, not all of it is true and useful.

Furthermore, it is important to mention that information is not synonymous with

knowledge; regarding this point Orna and Stevens (2000, p.48 cited in
Méndez, 2008) explain "it is said that information is the food of
knowledge, since we need information and communication to nourish it and
"to support it" (p. 16).

What can be understood by Research

bibliographic?
Bibliographic research can be understood (Stewart, 1984; McMillan and
Kennedy 1981; Hart, 2001; Pritchard and Scott, 1996, cited in Méndez, 2008) as:

(…) a process through which we gather concepts with the purpose of

obtain a systematized knowledge. The goal is to process the writings
principles of a particular theme. This type of research takes on different
names: cabinet, library, documentary, bibliographic, of literature,
secondary school, summary, etc. (…) (p. 16).

This type of research is highly relevant in the investigative process.

due to the fact that in order to conduct a research, whether it be
withfocusquantitativeoqualitativethe bibliographic research must be
present

THE HEMEROGRAPHIC RESEARCH

BIBLIOGRAPHIC RESEARCH BY: MALDONADO RANGEL VANESSA

TheResearchit is aprocessthat, through the application ofmethodscientific, search

obtaininformationrelevant and trustworthy (worthy of faith andcredit), to understand, verify, correct or
applythe knowledge.
The Hemerographic Research consists of:
The search for concepts, theories, criteria, in books, magazines, newspapers, and other types of material.
printed.
It is carried out in a Newspaper Library, to consult periodical publications. The Newspaper Library must be
considered in the context of its most current meaning, which refers to a place where information is collected and
they collect, in an organized manner, the various serial publications (newspapers, periodicals of various
frequencies and magazines), as well as some other printed documents that are subject to
determined type of periodicity.
In bibliographic research, it is necessary to determine the subject and provide references.
complete bibliographies in order to rule out possible ambiguities; on some occasions, they
it requires the objective and purpose of the study.
In bibliographic research, it is necessary to determine the subject matter and provide references.
complete bibliographic references with the purpose of eliminating possible ambiguities; on some occasions, they
requires the objective and purpose of the study.

Source:Hemerographic Research By: Maldonado Rangel Vanessa - Optometry.

UNAM (wordpress.com)

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What is hemerographic?
Hemerographic refers to the documents that are stored.
in the format of magazines, newspapers, or newsletters. Just as the bibliography does
reference to the data stored in books.
Lamegraphy is a form of scientific research that is based on
magazines and newspapers, instead of using books. It is a tool widely used in
the different fields of research where papers are usually published
scientists.
Thehemerography is a very valuable tool, especially for the
researchers or those who want to know about a particular topic.

Although online searching in databases and on the Internet seems to have surpassed
this traditional method of starting a consultation, this tool remains very
useful.

These collections are mainly the result of the work of scientists,

experienced librarians and researchers who are qualified to evaluate
the importance of the material.

In general, the literature published online on a particular topic is very

complete. But thehemerography provides more concise data.

On the other hand, the reference lists are organized in such a way that they
you can quickly find the relevant information. They often contain
information that may not be available in the databases.

In this way, time is saved because it does not have to be done again.
the search in different sites or very long books.

The hemerographic research is done through the manipulation of a variable.

experimental not detected under strictly controlled conditions for
describe how a particular situation or event occurs.

Includes informal procedures and even the most systematic ones. Provides
a proper data collection that allows recovering facts that point to
to problems, turn to other sources of research, find ways
directly develop research tools, develop hypotheses, etc.
Through documents, letters, files, etc.

It is who obtains their information from the intentional activities of the researcher and
aims to demonstrate reality. Providing an analysis of different
phenomena in an orderly manner.

A series of questions and other requests can also be used.

collection of information from respondents. Although many times they are used
to statistically analyze the responses, this is not always the case.

A characteristic of this type of research is the use of documents;

collects, selects, analyzes and presents consistent results. This is how it is based
in information that includes, among others, interviews, questionnaires, surveys and
observations.

It is the use of external sources, documents, to support the point of view.

argument of an academic work. The process of newspaper research to
it implies a part or the entirety of the conceptualization, the use and the
document evaluation.

Content of a hemerographic research:

interview
articles, paper research, magazines
archivist
documentation
research

Steps for a newsprint research:

Select the topic.

Search for the main sources (journals, newsletters, etc.) making
preliminary investigation.
Taking notes.
Preparation of the thesis statement.
Integrating source material.
Use of internal documentation.
create a works cited page.
Writing front / end.
Review, editing, proofreading.
Put in writing.
Margin of maneuver
Implementation of the scientific method.

CHECK-IN IN THE RESEARCH

signing techniques
The fiching is a technique used especially by researchers. It is a way to collect and
store information, each card contains information that, beyond its length, gives it
unity and self-worth.

The card is a valuable resource for study because it allows for the recording of data or information.
coming from various sources, recall and manage the content of read works. In addition, the card
saves time and effort and facilitates the preparation of the index of authors and consulted titles thus
like memorization and comprehension.

There are several types of cards among which we find:

Bibliographic record: contains the data that identifies a work, such as author, year of publication,
title

It is carried out when summarized information about the life of an author or authors is needed.
The following aspects must appear.

1. year of birth
2. studies I conduct. Profession.
3. most important works he/she wrote.
4. topics I study. Theories I develop.
5. scientific importance in its time.

Textual record: this type of record involves transcribing a paragraph that contains an idea.
important for the research work that is being carried out. The reading of the sources for
obtaining information is done based on the work plan, meaning that they are not read continuously
books, articles or documents, if not the chapters or parts that will serve the research. In
In this selective and analytical reading, the student locates and takes note of the data or ideas.
that are interested.

It can also be said that it contains fragments of an original text, which is reproduced faithfully.
the words of an author the fragments taken go in quotes it is important to copy them
bibliographic reference and the page number from where the information is obtained.

Direct quotes longer than five lines should be separated from the main body.
of the text and, after closing it with a colon, you begin on the next line without quotes and
three strokes from the edge.

The names of books should be written in lowercase, except when starting the title or
after a period. When it comes to titles of works in other languages.

Summary sheet: it contains the synthesis or summary of a text, without altering the author's ideas.
even if their words do not repeat exactly. The summary sheet must include the title and the
respective bibliographic reference.

The summary consists of obtaining from a study of a synthesized presentation that allows handling it.
valuable information contained in a book or in a chapter of a book. The information is recorded in
summary sheets, a summary is correctly made.
Select the texts whose content contains valuable information about the research topic.
in which the central idea is selected and then those ideas that serve as support or
exemplify the central idea, summarize the ideas in the summary cards
fundamentals of the text.

Chronological sheet: collects the essential data of printed information in a publication

periodical author and title, name, place and date of the newspaper or magazine body and number of the
page where the information is found if it is a magazine, indicate the number and/or volume to which
belongs.

Cartographic record: collects data from a book or a periodical publication, but includes data
additional information such as the number of illustrations and other annexes. The sheet
cartographic can be organized by author, by title, or by subject, and the data it contains is useful.
for the location of any material in the library.

Both the bibliographic and the newspaper records are cartographic cards.

Mixed sheet: when summarizing a text that contains parts presenting certain difficulties.
to summarize, what is representative of the author's ideology or style, or that contains data
particularly important. In any of these cases, they should be enclosed in quotes.

Personal record: it is used for interpretative notes, in the case that it is made.
mention of any author or work, does not need to include the bibliographic reference, but does require one
classification.

signing techniques
Work sheet: it is where the data of interest to the researcher is recorded. When the data
this content in more than one card will constitute a single entry. In these cases
It is advisable to mark the cards with the registration number and a letter.

A record must contain only one piece of information, which can be a detail (a date, a name,
an event). To know what information should be recorded in a work sheet,
At the time of making the annotation, it must be recorded in a work sheet.

Source:investtgations: attendance techniques (mildreddacosta.blogspot.com)

The signing
Process ofselectionof themes anddata.

It is theprocessof
gathering and extracting important data in our process oflearning, of
thesourcesbibliographic such as:books, magazines, newspapers,internet, and non-bibliographic sources, which are the subject of
of studies. Thetokensthey are rectangular in shape of various sizes, which we must have on hand to
anyworkthat we must save it in a file, sorting by alphabetical order, by themes and by others
natures of ourinterest.

Source:The signing in the researchtnavigation - Monographies.com