Synchronous generator testing protocol

Routine tests for synchronous machines

• Visual inspection
Before any tests are performed on the machine, the following points are checked:

Correct serial number of the machine (to know which machine they are giving you)
maintenance)

Fans, junction boxes that are properly assembled

Shaft extensions and the slots are not damaged

Bearings are filled with the correct quality grease.

The temporary grounding brush is in good condition.

water cooling pipes and lubricant oil pipes are

impeccable

Type and model of the voltage regulator (by AMG) are in accordance with the

manufacturing instructions.

Bearing/support test (run first)

The bearing/support test is performed on all machines. The synchronous machine

It will be driven by a DC motor at nominal speed.

During the test, the correct seat and operation of the

Bearings are monitored. Possible oil spills are observed and sealed.
Feel the temperature of the machine with your hand. The noise and vibrations are taken into account.
consideration. The duration of the test is five to ten minutes or more if deemed necessary.
necessary.

Phase sequence and direction of rotation / IEC 60034-8

The direction of rotation of the machine without load is observed during the test run.
In any case, the cooling system of the machine is compromised if the machine is running.
in reverse order.

The machine to be tested first starts with the help of a DC motor. The current from

excitement increases until the voltage at the terminals is high enough for
the sequence of phases can be observed using a special instrument. (which can be the
sequencemeter or the fasimeter

Measurement of insulation resistance

The purpose of measuring insulation resistance is to check the

status of the insulation of the coils, terminals, brushes, and other conductive parts

from the machine. Faulty and wet insulations show a low

insulation resistance value. The insulation resistance is measured before

any cable is connected to the machine. The measurement of the resistance of the
isolation is carried out with a megohmmeter, which applies direct current voltage between
the windings, windings with respect to ground.

For measuring the insulation resistance of the winding against the casing, it
All the terminals that make up the armature will be short-circuited, which will be
connected to the positive terminal of the megohmmeter. And the negative of the megohmmeter
connects to the case.

For the measurement between coils, only two of them will be used, in one of
the selected coils will connect to the positive terminal of the megohmmeter and the other
Terminal on the next coil.

Measurement of the resistance of the windings / IEC 60034-4

The resistances of the windings are measured to find out:

Defective connections and incorrect conductor dimensions

The resistances of the windings are measured using a micro-ohmmeter or the use of

two digital meters and a constant current source. All current of

the source must flow through the coils to perform the test.

The parallel circuits must be disconnected before the measurements.

The temperature of the stator coils is always measured.

The winding resistance of the rotor of a machine with ring excitation

The rosette is measured between the rings. The current can be supplied through some

brushes, but the voltage is always measured between the rings.

In the case of a brushless machine, the resistance of the rotor winding is measured

among the final connections. Disconnecting the diode bridge is not necessary because

the tension is low.

Points in vacancy / IEC 60034-4

The purpose of the load-free measurement point is:

Check the proper functioning of the machine in idle.

Measure the amount of electricity and other quantities associated with the operation
without load

The synchronous machine to be tested is driven by a DC motor, which is capable of

to operate at the nominal speed. The excitation necessary to produce

nominal stator voltage is supplied from an independent source. The regulator of

the voltage of the synchronous generator is disconnected.

After starting up, the machine to be tested must operate for about five

minutes at nominal speed and voltage at nominal terminals.

Noise, vibrations, and temperatures are observed. When the operation is

has been restored, the following amounts are measured:

Average value of the line-to-line terminal voltages U1

Each line-to-line terminal voltage Uuv, Uuw, Uvw

Speed n

Excitation current of the brushless exciter

For machines with slip ring excitation, rotor current Ir

Stator winding temperature

Short-circuit point/ IEC 60034-4

The purpose of the short circuit test is to measure the excitation current.

corresponding to the nominal current of the stator, when the terminals are in

short circuit. The synchronous machine to be tested is driven by the same DC motor, which is
It is used for the empty test. The excitation is extracted from an independent DC source.

The voltage regulator of the synchronous generator is disconnected.

When the synchronous machine is operating at nominal speed, the excitation

it is on and the current gradually increased until the stator current

equal to the nominal current. The phase currents are compared to verify the

symmetry. The following quantities are measured:

Average value of the phase currents I1

Each phase current Iu, Iv, Iw

Speed n

Excitation current Im of the brushless exciter

For machines with brushed excitation, rotor current Ir

Temperature of the stator winding

Speeding test / IEC 60034-1

All synchronous generators (and also some motors) are subject to the

overspeed test, because in temporary operations they can reach speeds

higher than the nominal. The synchronous machine is driven by a DC motor, with

open circuit terminals and without excitation. The speed increases 1.2 times the

nominal speed for 2 minutes, and the overspeed test is taken.

High voltage test (dielectric tests) / IEC 60034-1

High voltage testing is performed to detect possible weak points in the

insulations of the machine. A test voltage at line frequency (50 Hz) is

applies. In some cases, DC voltage is used, so the test voltage is 1.7

Sometimes the AC voltage. The duration of the high voltage test is one minute. The test of
voltages that are applied are at least as high as the
indicated in the standard.

The machine coils and circuits are tested one at a time. When the windings of
the stator phase are easily disconnected from each other, they are tested one by one. The
phase deviations that are not being examined are landed. If it is not possible

disconnect the neutral point for the test, the high voltage test is performed for everything
stator of the system at the same time.

Temperature increase test (Temperature elevation test)

The purpose of the heat test is to measure the increase in temperature of the

cylinders, bearings (joints) and other important parts of the machine with load
connected. The operating conditions correspond when it is under load

nominal, terminal voltage at nominal voltage and other parameters. The test of

temperature elevation is carried out by indirect methods. The testing conditions

as terminal voltage, terminal current, and speed must remain stable during the

test.

For the heat test execution, several thermocouples could be placed in the

critical points in the machine as determined in the test, and connected to a recorder

graph or a recording explorer. Temperature detectors are essential in the

Vacuum curve

The purpose of the no-load curve test is:

To measure the excitation current of the machine in open circuit at

nominal speed and at the terminal of various voltages.
- To measure the no-load losses of the machine. The losses are
component of iron losses PFe, and the friction and
the ventilation losses Pr

The synchronous generator to be tested is directly coupled to a DC motor.

calibrated. The losses of the DC motor can be accurately calculated in the
operating range in question. For the loss calculations, the current
of the armature and the voltage of the DC motor, as well as the excitation current
must measure.
The generator's voltage regulator disconnects.

For the no-load curve test, the synchronous machine has been started and
driven with the help of the DC motor. The excitation current of the motor
CC remains at a constant value. The synchronous speed is
maintained by the tension of the truss at a constant value.
The excitation of the synchronous machine is on. The excitation is
continuously increases, until the voltage at the terminals is
raised to 1.35 times the nominal voltage, if possible. The current of
the excitation of the synchronous machine must not
increase by more than 1.5 times the nominal value.
When stable readings are obtained, the following quantities are recorded.
en:
Average value of line-to-line voltages U
Each terminal of voltage line by line Uuv, Uuw, Uvw has a nominal voltage.
Speed n
Excitation current (Im) of the brushless exciter, plus current of the
rotor (Ir) and the tension U when measuring the losses
For machines with brushed excitation, rotor current Ir(Ur
when
the losses are measured

The test will be repeated at least 1.2, 1.0, 0.9, 0.7, and 0.4 times the voltage
nominal
in addition, with the excitation current at zero. The excitation current is
must decrease
continuously. At nominal voltage the terminals, the temperature of
devastated of
the stator is measured with the help of temperature detectors, to allow
the calculation of the losses.
The vacuum curve is represented based on the results of the tests.
Magnetic remanence causes the intersection curve of the vertical axis
I spent a
A little above the zero point of tension. The current testing standards.
state that the
The vacuum curve must start at zero voltage corresponding to zero.
current of
excitement. For that reason, the final no-load curve is often derived from the
measure by
move it to the right as much as necessary.
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The tangent to the curve with zero tension load is the air gap line.
The line
from iron shows the characteristics of the machine without saturation
magnetic. The unloaded measurement deviates from the air gap line due to
the saturation.

Moment of inertia

The moment of inertia of a synchronous machine is measured for the study

of
twist vibrations and stresses in the rotor, which is mechanically
coupled to the
driving or to the working machine. When necessary, the storage
of energy
constant can be calculated. This amount is used for the evaluation of
the oscillations and
the stability of the machine in operating situations.
The moment of inertia is measured after the no-load test or a test.
of
short circuit, when the machine can easily be moved with help
of the DC motor.
The machine to be tested works without excitation. The speed is measured by
means of a
tachometer generator.
The speed of the machine increases by approximately 10% over
the
synchronous speed. The supply of the DC motor, as well as its excitation, is
they disconnect.
When the speed is reduced to a value of 1.05 times the speed of
synchronism
the stopwatch starts. When the speed has been reduced to a value of 0.95
times of the
synchronization speed, the stopwatch stops. Time elapsed
is registered. A
graphical recorder can be used instead of the tachometer and the stopwatch.
 Measurement of Noise Level/

The purpose of measuring sound level is:

To determine the overall noise pressure and power level resulting from
of the
machine
To investigate the contained octave bands in the noise
To determine the main orientations of noise radiation
The synchronous machine is operated without load at nominal voltage and
speed
nominal with the help of a DC motor.
Several samples are measured around the machine. The number of points of
measurement depends on the size of the machine. When all points
necessary are measured,
the machine stops and the background noise
is measured. From the measurements with weighting of sound pressure and levels of
power it
they calculate.

Measurement of the shaft tension

Small asymmetries of the iron core and the coils, as well as the peaks
of voltage
coming from the voltage regulator, can cause AC voltages in the
axis of one
synchronous machine. The frequency of such voltages is primarily at the
line frequency
or a harmonica of the same. Tensions on the axis can lead to
currents in the
bearings, which are harmful to the sleeve and roller bearings.
To avoid the
currents, one of the bearings is isolated from the machine frame or
the axis is
grounded with some grounded brushes.
The shaft voltage (AC) is measured with a voltmeter between the ends of the shaft.

Polarization index

The purpose of this essay is:

To determine the reference value for the level of insulation. How much
but
the higher the value of the polarization index (PI), the better the level of insulation. The
level of
isolation is affected by various factors, such as surface condition,
the humidity,
temperature, etc.
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The value of the IP for stator windings can be determined during the
measuring
final insulation resistance. Generally, the construction of
bridge blocks of the
The rotor is rectified after the measurement of the IP rotor.

Normally, the value of the IP is the resistance value of 10.

minutes to
one minute value of resistance.
The value of the IP is often greater than 2.0, but there is no strict rule.
can
find when having high insulation resistance values.

Surge test

The purpose of the surge test is:

To test the insulation of the windings in the stator turn by turn.

The machine to be tested is driven by a DC motor at nominal speed.

with
stator terminals in open circuit. The excitation of the machine.
this is synchronous

lit. The excitement increases continuously, until the

tension in
terminals have risen to 1.3 times the nominal voltage. The current of
excitement of the
The synchronous machine should not exceed 1.5 times the nominal value.
speed of the
The machine can be increased if necessary to avoid excessive
rotor current.
The following quantities are recorded:
Speed n
Average value of line-to-line voltages,
Rotor current Iry voltage Ur
Excitation current Imy voltage Um.
The duration of the test is usually 1 minute.