Programme: Bisection F:\Matlab\bisection.
m 1 of 1
f = @(x) x^3 - 5*x-1; % original function
a = 0; % left end of the interval
b = 5; % right end of the interval
i=1;
if(f(a)*f(b)>0)
fprintf("No real root exists in the interval [%f, %f] \n",a,b);
return;
else
tol=input('enter tolerance: '); % error limit
c=(a+b)/2; % mid point of the interval
end
disp('iter a c b f(a) f(c) f(b)');
fprintf("%2d %f %f %f %f %f %f \n",i,a,c,b,f(a),f(c),f(b));
while abs(f(c))>tol
if (f(c)*f(b))<0
a=c;
else
b=c;
end
c=(a+b)/2;
i=i+1;
fprintf("%2d %f %f %f %f %f %f \n",i,a,c,b,f(a),f(c),f(b));
end
fprintf('the root is %g\n',c)
Output 1 of 1
>> bisection
enter tolerance: 0.001
iter a c b f(a) f(c) f(b)
1 0.000000 2.500000 5.000000 -1.000000 2.125000 99.000000
2 0.000000 1.250000 2.500000 -1.000000 -5.296875 2.125000
3 1.250000 1.875000 2.500000 -5.296875 -3.783203 2.125000
4 1.875000 2.187500 2.500000 -3.783203 -1.469971 2.125000
5 2.187500 2.343750 2.500000 -1.469971 0.155853 2.125000
6 2.187500 2.265625 2.343750 -1.469971 -0.698544 0.155853
7 2.265625 2.304688 2.343750 -0.698544 -0.281895 0.155853
8 2.304688 2.324219 2.343750 -0.281895 -0.065681 0.155853
9 2.324219 2.333984 2.343750 -0.065681 0.044418 0.155853
10 2.324219 2.329102 2.333984 -0.065681 -0.010798 0.044418
11 2.329102 2.331543 2.333984 -0.010798 0.016769 0.044418
12 2.329102 2.330322 2.331543 -0.010798 0.002975 0.016769
13 2.329102 2.329712 2.330322 -0.010798 -0.003914 0.002975
14 2.329712 2.330017 2.330322 -0.003914 -0.000470 0.002975
the root is 2.33002
>>
Programme: Newton Raphson F:\Matlab\NewtonRaphson.m
function fun=NewtonRaphson(x1)
syms x
def=@(x) cos(x)-x*exp(x); % original function
f=sym(def);
df=diff(f);
fx=inline(char(f));
dfx=inline(char(df));
k=1;c=10; % No of steps
disp('iter x1 fx(x1) dfx(x1)')
while k<=c
x1=x1-fx(x1)/dfx(x1);
fprintf("%2d %f %f %f\n",k,x1,fx(x1),dfx(x1))
k=k+1;
end
fun=x1;
end
Output:
>> NewtonRaphson(1.5)
iter x1 fx(x1) dfx(x1)
1 0.954848 -1.903223 -5.895456
2 0.632019 -0.382247 -3.661263
3 0.527616 -0.030239 -3.092610
4 0.517838 -0.000245 -3.042534
5 0.517757 -0.000000 -3.042124
6 0.517757 0.000000 -3.042124
7 0.517757 0.000000 -3.042124
8 0.517757 0.000000 -3.042124
9 0.517757 0.000000 -3.042124
10 0.517757 0.000000 -3.042124
ans =
0.5178
>>
Programme: Different types of Errors F:\Matlab\error_cal.m
clear
clc
format long
Xa = 7.50043; % Approximate Value
Ep = 0.3; % Error Percentage
Er = Ep/100; % Relaticve Erroe
Xt_1 = Xa/(1-Er); % Exact Number case 1
Xt_2 = Xa/(Er+1); % Exact Number case 2
Ea_1 = abs(Xt_1-Xa); % Absolute Error
Ea_2 = abs(Xt_2-Xa); % Absolute Error
fprintf(" X_appxox = %2.7f \n",Xa);
fprintf("Error_per = %2.1f Percent \n",Ep);
fprintf("Rel_error = %f \n",Er);
fprintf("Exact_no = %2.7f or %2.7f \n",Xt_1,Xt_2);
fprintf("Abs_error = %2.7f or %2.7f \n",Ea_1,Ea_2);
Output:
X_appxox = 7.5004300
Error_per = 0.3 Percent
Rel_error = 0.003000
Exact_no = 7.5229990 or 7.4779960
Abs_error = 0.0225690 or 0.0224340
>>
Programme: Lagrange's Poly F:\Matlab\lagrange.m Page 1 of 2
clear
clc
syms x;
X = [1 2 3]; % inputting values of x
fX = [2 11 34]; % inputting values of y
xk = 2.5; % Interpolating point
Xl = length(X);
fXl = length(fX);
if(Xl~=fXl)
fprintf("size of x and y miss matched \n");
return;
else
n = Xl;
end
f = @(x) 0;
for i=1:n
p = @(x) (x^0)*fX(i);
for j=1:n
if i~=j
p=p*((x-X(j))/(X(i)-X(j)));
end
end
f = f+p;
end
f=inline(char(f));
fprintf("Lagrange's polynomial is given by");
P(x)=f(x)
fprintf("P(%f) = %f \n",xk,f(xk));
n=0; a=0; b=4; h=0.1;
for i=a:h:b
n=n+1;
end
X = zeros(n);
Y = zeros(n);
for i=1:n
X(i)=a+(i-1)*h;
Y(i)=f(X(i));
end
plot(X,Y)
title('Plor P(x) in the interval [0,4]')
xlabel('x')
ylabel('P(x)')
Output: Page 2 of 2
Lagrange's polynomial is given by
P(x) =
(17*x - 17)*(x - 2) - (11*x - 11)*(x - 3) + (2*x - 4)*(x/2 - 3/2)=
P(2.500000) = 20.750000
>>
Plotting of the Polynomial
Plor P(x) in the interval [0,4]
80
70
60
50
P(x)
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x
Programme:Forward difference F:\Matlab\forward_difference.m 1 of 2
clear
clc
syms u;
x = [40 50 60 70 80]; % inputting values of x
y = [25 60 82 93 100]; % inputting values of y
% To test the size of the given data
xl = length(x);
yl = length(y);
if(xl~=yl)
fprintf("size of x and y miss matched \n");
return;
else
n = xl;
end
% Create the initial Table
A = zeros(n,n);
for i=1:n
for j=1:n
if j~=1
A(i,j)="";
else
A(i,j)=y(i);
end
end
end
% Forward Difference Calculation
for j=2:n
for i=1:n-j+1
A(i,j)=A(i+1,j-1)-A(i,j-1);
end
end
fprintf("Forward difference Table \n");
fprintf("----------------------------------\n");
fprintf("\ty \t Dy D^2y D^3y D^4y \n");
fprintf("----------------------------------\n");
disp(A)
% Computing Forward difference Polynomial
f = @(u) (u^0)*A(1,1);
for i=2:n
p = @(u) u^0*A(1,i);
for j=1:i-1
p = p*(u-j+1)/j;
end
f = f+p;
end
f=inline(char(f));
fprintf("Forward difference Polynomial is give by,\n\n f(u) = ");
disp(f(u));
Output: Page 1 of 2
Forward difference Table
----------------------------------
y Dy D^2y D^3y D^4y
----------------------------------
25 35 -13 2 5
60 22 -11 7 NaN
82 11 -4 NaN NaN
93 7 NaN NaN NaN
100 NaN NaN NaN NaN
Forward difference Polynomial is give by,
f(u) = 35*u - (13*u*(u - 1))/2 + (u*(u - 1)*(u - 2))/3 + (5*u*(u - 1)*(u - 2)*(u -
3))/24 + 25
>>
