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CONTENTS
RBI, Banking and Economy…………………………………………….......3
SEBI and Financial Awareness…………………………………………….13
PIB In News……………………………………………………………………….18
Social Sectors in India…………………………………………………………21
The Most Important Current Affairs
Of July 2025………………………………………………………………..29

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 RBI, Banking and Economy

India Continues to Drive Global Economic Growth: RBI Report

• Despite global economic uncertainties, India remains a major contributor to worldwide

growth, bolstered by strong domestic fundamentals and sound macroeconomic policies,
as highlighted in the RBI’s Financial Stability Report (FSR).
• RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra emphasized that while internal factors sustain growth
momentum, potential risks such as external spillovers and weather-related disruptions
could pose challenges.
• Inflation expectations remain favorable, with optimism about achieving the RBI’s target.
• The domestic financial system is strengthening, supported by high capital reserves,
declining non-performing assets (NPAs), and solid profitability.
• Stress tests indicate that banks and non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) would
maintain sufficient capital even in adverse scenarios.
• Robust corporate balance sheets are enhancing macroeconomic stability and improving
financial conditions.
• Monetary policy remains supportive, with reduced market volatility further easing
financial conditions.
• However, geopolitical tensions, capital outflows, and rising global debt levels are
flagged as near-term risks to financial stability.

RBI Directs Banks to Implement Financial Fraud Risk Indicator (FRI)

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has instructed banks to adopt the Financial Fraud Risk
Indicator (FRI), a tool developed by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), to
combat cyber-enabled financial fraud.
• The FRI evaluates mobile numbers linked to financial transactions, categorizing them
as Medium, High, or Very High risk, based on data from I4C (Indian Cyber Crime
Coordination Centre) and financial institutions.
• It enables real-time risk assessment, allowing banks to block, delay, or flag suspicious
transactions, thereby improving fraud prevention.
• Integrated with major UPI platforms (PhonePe, Paytm), the FRI fosters collaboration
between the financial and telecom sectors.
• With rising UPI transactions in India, the tool provides proactive alerts, helping prevent
financial losses.
• This initiative strengthens cybersecurity in digital finance and boosts public trust in
digital payments.
• It marks a shift toward risk-based transaction monitoring as a standard banking
practice.

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 • The DoT’s ongoing cybersecurity efforts aim to create a safer, more resilient digital
payment ecosystem.

High-Value Government Payments to Shift to RBI’s e-Kuber from July 16

• Starting July 16, 2025, all government payments above Rs75 crore must be processed
through the RBI’s e-Kuber system.
• The move ensures transparency, faster fund transfers, and real-time tracking of large
government expenditures.
• Previously, only transactions above Rs 500 crore used e-Kuber; the threshold has now
been lowered, with potential further reduction to Rs 50 crore.
• The e-Kuber platform, developed by the RBI, facilitates secure and efficient
transactions between the government and banks.
• Account matching will occur within 24 hours, minimizing administrative delays and
errors.
• The new rule enhances digital public finance management, particularly
in infrastructure, defense, and welfare schemes.
• It also helps prevent misuse or delays in high-value payments and improves record-
keeping efficiency.
• This aligns with the government’s push for greater accountability and technology-driven
financial processes.

RBI Grants Scheduled Bank Status to NSDL Payments Bank

• NSDL Payments Bank has been added to the Second Schedule of the RBI Act, 1934,
officially recognizing it as a scheduled bank.
• The June 19, 2025 notification allows the bank to access RBI’s borrowing facilities,
clearinghouses, and regulatory benefits.
• To qualify, scheduled banks must meet RBI’s capital adequacy, governance, and public
interest norms under Section 42(6)(a).
• Mumbai-based NSDL Payments Bank focuses on small savings, digital payments, and
services for underbanked populations.
• The RBI’s approval reflects confidence in the bank’s financial stability and compliance,
reinforcing its role in financial inclusion.
• As a scheduled bank, NSDL can now expand lending and payment services more
effectively within India’s financial system.
• The move enhances operational credibility and strengthens its position among regulated
financial institutions.
• This aligns with the RBI’s broader efforts to promote digital banking and inclusive
economic growth.

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RBI’s Financial Inclusion Index Climbs to 67 in FY25, Marking Deeper Financial
Penetration

• The RBI’s Financial Inclusion Index (FI-Index) rose to 67 in FY25, up from 64.2 in FY24,
indicating enhanced financial access, usage, and service quality.
• The index tracks progress across three key dimensions:
✓ Access (35%) – Expansion of banking infrastructure
✓ Usage (45%) – Adoption of financial products
✓ Quality (20%) – Improved customer experience and trust
• Launched in 2021, the FI-Index consolidates data from banking, insurance, investments,
pensions, and postal services.
• The growth signals India’s shift from basic financial access to meaningful participation,
driven by initiatives like:
• Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) – Over 558 million accounts opened,
with 372.6 million in rural/semi-urban areas and 311.3 million for women.
• Financial literacy programs targeting underserved communities.
• Experts view this as a sign of greater financial empowerment and a more inclusive
economy.

RBI Introduces Stricter ECBA Framework for Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs)

• The RBI has replaced the Financially Sound and Well-Managed (FSWM) norms with
the Eligibility Criteria for Business Authorisation (ECBA) framework for Urban Co-
operative Banks (UCBs).
Key ECBA Requirements for Expansion (Branches/ATMs/Processing Centres):
• Maintain capital adequacy and keep net NPAs below 3%.
• Report net profits for two consecutive years with no accumulated losses.
• Comply with CRR & SLR norms and implement full Core Banking Solutions (CBS).
• Have at least two professional directors on the board.
• Annual Compliance Process:
• UCBs must self-assess ECBA compliance, obtain board approval, and report to RBI within
15 days.
• Compliance remains valid till 30 September of the next fiscal year.
Expansion Rules Based on UCB Tier:
• Tier 3 & 4 UCBs (Deposits: Rs 1,000–10,000 crore & above Rs 10,000 crore) can expand
to:
Two additional states/year (without prior RBI approval).
• Three districts within home state (no RBI nod required).
• Must maintain capital adequacy for at least five branches per new state.

RBI Tightens AIF Investment Norms for Banks & NBFCs

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 • New investment cap: Regulated Entities (REs) like banks, NBFCs, co-op banks, and HFCs
can now invest max 20% collectively and 10% individually in any AIF scheme,
effective January 1, 2026.
• Stricter provisioning: If an RE invests >5% in an AIF that lends to its own debtor
(excluding equity), it must fully provision (100%) for that exposure.
• Capital deduction: Subordinated AIF units must be fully deducted from Tier-1/Tier-2
capital.
• Alignment with SEBI: Replaces Dec 2023 & March 2024 guidelines to prevent
evergreening of loans and reduce concentration risks.
• Objective: Curb misuse of AIFs for risky/stressed asset financing while encouraging
diversified participation.

India’s Gig Economy Expands to 12M Workers, Eyes 23.5M by 2030

• Current size: 12 million gig workers (FY25), up from 7.7M in FY21 – now 2% of India’s
workforce.
• Formalization shift: Digital platforms bring transparent pricing, documented earnings,
and semi-formal work status.
• Credit access challenges: Irregular incomes exclude gig workers from traditional loans,
but innovations like:
• Platform-data-based credit scoring.
• Embedded finance (micro-loans via apps)
• Account Aggregator framework for secure data sharing.
• Growth potential: Expected to hit 23.5M workers by 2030, contributing 1.25% to
GDP and creating 90M jobs long-term.
• Key hurdles: Income volatility, lack of social security, and safety risks demand policy
interventions.

IMF Raises India’s Growth Forecast to 6.4% for FY26 & FY27

• Upgraded projection: +0.2 pp (2025-26) & +0.1 pp (2026-27) to 6.4%, mirroring global
growth revisions (3% in 2025, 3.1% in 2026).
Drivers:
• Pre-tariff demand surge (ahead of expected U.S. tariffs).
• Weaker USD improving financial conditions.
• Fiscal stimulus in major economies.

ADB Lowers India’s Growth Forecast Amid Global Uncertainties

• The Asian Development Bank (ADB) revised India’s FY26 GDP growth forecast to
6.5% (from 6.7%), citing US tariffs and global policy uncertainty.

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 • Despite the downgrade, India remains one of the fastest-growing major economies,
driven by strong domestic demand and rural recovery.
• Agriculture (boosted by above-normal monsoons) and services are expected to be key
growth drivers.
• Inflation outlook improves: ADB projects FY26 inflation at 3.8% (down from earlier
estimates), while the RBI forecasts 3.7%.
Conflicting projections:
• World Bank: 6.3%
• S&P Global: 6.5% (upgraded)
• Ind-Ra: 6.3% (lowered due to tariff concerns)
• Exchange rate: Expected to average Rs 86.9/USD (Ind-Ra).

Net FDI Plunges 98% in May 2025 Due to Outflows

• Net FDI collapsed to $40 million in May 2025 (from $2.2B in May 2024), per RBI data.
Reasons:
• Higher repatriation/divestment ($5.0B)
• Rising outward FDI ($2.1B)
April-May 2025:
• Gross inflows at $15.91B (showing continued investor interest).
• Outward FDI rose to $5.3B (transport, manufacturing, finance sectors leading).
• Key FDI sources: Singapore, Mauritius, UAE, US.
• RBI’s take: Rising outflows reflect market maturity, allowing smooth capital movement.

Industrial Growth Slows to 10-Month Low (IIP at 1.5%)

• June 2025 IIP growth: 1.5% (vs. 1.2% in May 2025).

Sectoral breakdown:
• Manufacturing (+3.9%) – 15/23 industries grew (led by metals, petroleum).
• Mining (-8.7%), Electricity (-2.6%) – drag on overall growth.
Use-based classification:
• Infrastructure goods (+7.2%) top performer.
• Consumer non-durables declined.
• Next IIP release: 28 August 2025 (July data).

India-UK FTA to Cost Rs 4,060 Cr in Year 1 (GTRI Estimate)

• Customs revenue loss:

• Year 1: Rs 4,060 crore
• Year 10: Rs 6,345 crore (phased tariff cuts).
Key terms:
• India to eliminate tariffs on 64% UK imports immediately (85% eventually).

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 • UK to remove tariffs on 99% Indian goods.
Trade dynamics (2024-25):
• India’s UK imports: $8.6B (industrial goods dominate).
• UK’s India imports: $14.5B.
• Implementation: Pending UK parliamentary approval (~1 year).

World Bank: India Needs $2.4 Trillion for Climate-Resilient Cities by 2050

Funding requirement:
• $2.4T by 2050
• $10.9T by 2070 (for 951M urban population).
• Risks: Heatwaves, floods, sea-level rise could double economic losses (currently 2.5% of
GDP/year).
Proposed measures:
• Urban flood management, heat mitigation, green infrastructure.
Benefits:
• +0.4% GDP growth
• 130,000 lives saved annually by 2050.
• Opportunity: 50% of needed infrastructure yet to be built – chance for sustainable
planning.

India-UK Sign Landmark Trade Pact

• Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement (CETA) signed, boosting trade in MSMEs,

agriculture, jewellery, engineering goods, and aerospace.
• India’s most ambitious trade deal yet, while the UK’s biggest since Brexit.
• UK benefits: Easier access for whisky, manufacturing, and services.
• India gains: Cheaper exports to UK, including textiles, pharmaceuticals, and IT services.
• New 'India-UK Vision 2035' replaces Roadmap 2030, focusing on:
• Technology, climate, defence, and UNSC reforms.
• Annual reviews and enhanced PM-level engagement.
• Double Contributions Convention simplifies social security payments for cross-border
workers.
• UK backs India’s bid for permanent UNSC seat.

AIIB to Double Private Sector Lending by 2030

• Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) aims to increase private financing share
from 24.6% to 50%.
• Total lending target: $17–18 billion (up from $12B so far).
• Focus areas: Renewables, green energy, mobility, affordable housing.

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 • India’s infrastructure need: $1.5T by 2030 – AIIB to act as anchor investor to attract
private capital.
• Trade finance support: Guarantees during crises (pandemics, disasters).

Trump Announces 25% Tariff on Indian Goods

• New US tariffs (25%) effective August 1, 2025, targeting Indian exports.

• "Penalties" for India’s Russian oil & defence imports, citing BRICS as a dollar threat.
• India’s response: Studying implications, protecting farmers & MSMEs.
• Trade deficit: $45.7B (2024) – India exports pharma, gems, petroleum; imports oil, coal,
aircraft.
• Next US-India trade talks: August 25, 2025.

India to Revamp GDP, IIP, CPI Data Series

• New GDP & IIP base year: 2022-23 (launching Feb 27, 2026).
• CPI base year update: 2024 (Q1 FY27).
New surveys introduced:
• National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) – Tracks travel patterns, spending.
• Domestic Tourism Expenditure Survey (DTES) – Measures tourism economy.
• Annual Survey of Service Sector Enterprises (ASSSE) begins Jan 2026 (like ASI for
manufacturing).
• Household Consumption Survey (HCES) now every 3 years (next in 2027-28).
• CPI modernization: Uses e-commerce data, web scraping for accuracy.

Banking Sector Reforms Take Effect

• The Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2025 has implemented significant modernization
of India's banking regulations:
• Substantial Interest Threshold revised from Rs 5 lakh to Rs 2 crore (first update in 57
years).
• Cooperative Bank Governance strengthened with extended director tenures (8→10
years).
• PSB Reforms include:
• Transfer of unclaimed deposits to Investor Education Fund (IEPF).
• Flexible auditor remuneration to attract top talent.
• Impact: Enhances transparency, protects depositors, and aligns banking norms with
current economic realities.

Cross-Border Payments Ecosystem Expands

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 • Fintech startup EximPe secures RBI's in-principle approval for cross-border payments
license:
✓ Market Position: Joins select group including PayPal and Amazon Pay.
✓ Current Scale: $450M annual transaction volume serving 5,000+ SMEs.
✓ Growth Plans: 10X expansion target by FY26 with $3.5M funding.
✓ Strategic Focus: Simplifying India-Asia trade payments for small businesses.

Forex Reserves Experience Modest Correction

• India's foreign exchange reserves show two consecutive weekly declines:

• Current Level: $696.67 billion (down $3.06B from previous week).
• Key Drivers:
• Currency Valuation Changes: Non-USD assets (euro, yen) depreciation.
• Gold Reserves: $498M decrease to $84.35B.

Outbound FDI Shows Strong Growth Momentum

• June 2024 Performance: Outward FDI surged to $5.03 billion, marking:

• 73% increase from June 2023 ($2.9 billion)
• 86% jump from May 2024 ($2.7 billion)
• Investment Composition:
• Equity commitments tripled to $2.04 billion
• Guarantees expanded significantly to $2.40 billion
• Loans rose modestly to $585.55 million
• Major Investments:
• Aster DM Healthcare: $907.6 million (Mauritius)
• Indian Oil: $295 million (Netherlands)
• NSE: $329.2 million (GIFT City)
• Quarterly Trend (April-June 2024): Total reached $6.64 billion
• Preferred Destinations:
• Singapore ($2.21 billion)
• Mauritius & USA ($1 billion each)

Services Sector Drives Trade Deficit Reduction

Q1 FY25 Performance:
• Trade deficit narrowed 9.4% to $20.3 billion.
• Services exports grew 11% to $98.1 billion.
• Total exports increased 6% to $210.3 billion
Merchandise Trade:
• Overall growth: 2% ($112.2 billion)

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 • Non-petroleum exports rose 6%
Import Trends:
• Total imports up 4.4% ($230.6 billion)
• Services imports grew 4.9%
Key Export Markets:
• USA (+22.1% to $25.5 billion)
• UAE ($9.04 billion)
• Netherlands ($5.65 billion)
• China ($4.4 billion)
• Outlook: Potential to exceed FY24's $825 billion export record.

Inflation Outlook Improves Amid Supportive Factors

• CPI Projections:
✓ FY26 average: 4% (down from 4.6% in FY25).
✓ Driven by expected food price moderation
• Monetary Policy:
✓ June 2025: 50bps rate cut to 5.5%.
✓ Additional cuts possible if inflation remains subdued.
• Growth Estimates:
✓ GDP forecast at 6.5%.
✓ Downside risks from global volatility.
• Commodity Impact:
✓ Crude oil at $80/barrel.
✓ Potential effects on rupee and capital flows.
• Positive Factors:
✓ Supportive liquidity conditions.
✓ Above-normal monsoon expectations.

Taiwan’s CTBC Bank Expands to GIFT City

• CTBC Bank, Taiwan’s largest private bank, has sought approval to establish an IFSC
Banking Unit (IBU) in GIFT City.
• Key Details:
• Plans to occupy 3,100 sq. ft. in Brigade Towers, GIFT SEZ.
• Joins other global banks like Mashreq Bank (UAE) and Taipei Fubon Bank in setting up
IBUs.
GIFT City Growth:
• 31 IBUs now operational (up from 15 in 2022).
• Cumulative asset base: $88.5B (March 2025).
Sectoral Push:
• Rising interest from Taiwanese banks in India’s electronics & semiconductor sectors.

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 • Standard Chartered, Axis Bank expanding presence in GIFT IFSC.

HSBC Exits Net Zero Banking Alliance (NZBA)

• HSBC, a founding NZBA member, becomes the first UK bank to exit the climate
coalition.
Reasons Cited:
• Plans to independently revise net-zero strategy by late 2025.
• Follows similar exits by US & Canadian banks due to regulatory pressures.
Reactions:
• Climate activists criticize the move as a retreat from accountability.
• HSBC remains part of GFANZ but delays 2030 net-zero targets to 2050.
• Potential Impact: Could trigger more European bank exits from climate alliances.

Core Industries Growth Slows to 1.7% in June

• Index of Eight Core Industries:

• 1.7% growth (June 2025) vs. 5% (June 2024).
• Five sectors contracted, dragging overall performance.
Sectoral Breakdown:
• Declines: Coal (-6.8%), Crude Oil (-1.2%), Natural Gas (-2.8%), Electricity (-2.8%).
• Growth: Steel (+9.3%), Cement (+9.2%), Refinery Products (+3.4%).
• Outlook: Uneven recovery signals weak industrial momentum.

ADB Launches UHC Network for Asia-Pacific

• New Initiative: UHC PEERS (Peer Exchange for Efficiency, Resilience, and
Sustainability).
• Objective: Accelerate Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in 25+ developing nations.
Key Features:
• Peer-to-peer learning for health financing & service delivery reforms.
• Supports pandemic preparedness post-COVID-19.
• Economic Benefit: $1 invested in primary healthcare → $10 GDP growth.
• Challenge: 1B+ people in Asia-Pacific still lack basic healthcare access.

India's Retail Inflation Drops to 2.10% in June, Reaching Lowest Level Since 2019

• India's Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation declined to 2.10% in June 2025, down from
2.82% in May, recording the lowest annual inflation rate since January 2019.

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 • The figures show a significant month-on-month decrease of 72 basis points, indicating
substantial easing of price pressures.
• Food inflation experienced a notable year-on-year reduction of 205 basis points.
• This decline is primarily due to beneficial base effects and price reductions across
essential food items including vegetables, pulses, cereals, meat, sugar, milk, and
spices.
• The inflation data was officially published by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme
Implementation.
• The substantial easing of inflationary pressures could potentially impact upcoming
monetary policy decisions while simultaneously boosting consumer expenditure.
• This trend signals a return to price stability following an extended period of volatility
driven primarily by food price fluctuations.

NITI Aayog Introduces Third Edition of "Trade Watch Quarterly" Report in New
Delhi

• Dr. Arvind Virmani, Member of NITI Aayog, unveiled the Q3 FY25 edition of "Trade Watch
Quarterly" on July 14, 2025, in New Delhi.
• The comprehensive report evaluates India's trade performance during October-December 2024,
revealing:
• 3% growth in merchandise exports ($108.7 billion).
• 6.5% increase in imports ($187.5 billion).
• A robust services trade surplus of $52.3 billion, fueled by 17% growth in services exports,
significantly contributed to offsetting the trade deficit.
Key export growth areas included:
• Aircraft and spacecraft components (over 200% year-on-year increase)
• High-technology exports, particularly electrical machinery and arms/ammunition
• India emerged as the world's fifth-largest exporter of Digitally Delivered Services (DDS) in
2024, with exports valued at $269 billion.
The report's thematic analysis emphasizes:
• Changing US tariff structures
• Potential competitive advantages for Indian exports in pharmaceuticals, textiles, and machinery
sectors
• It underscores the importance of flexible trade policies to capitalize on evolving global trade
patterns.
• This publication demonstrates India's strategic objective to strengthen its global market
presence amidst changing geopolitical, technological, and policy landscapes.

SEBI and FINANCIAL AWARENESS

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SEBI Approves Fractional Share Trading Pilot

• Sandbox Approval: Bengaluru startup Xaults gets nod to test fractional share trading
in SEBI's innovation sandbox.
Key Features:
• Allows investors to buy/sell portions of shares (common in US markets).
• Custody framework keeps fractional shares at depository level (not with brokers).
Regulatory Hurdles:
• Requires amendments to Companies Act 2013 (currently permits only whole shares).
• Needs clarity on KYC, AML, and tax treatment.
Background:
• 2021 proposal by Zerodha/StockHissa rejected due to broker custody concerns.
• Implementation requires coordination between SEBI, MCA, and tax authorities.

SEBI Bans Jane Street for Rs 4,843 Cr Market Manipulation

• Action Taken: US-based Jane Street Group barred from Indian markets.
Violation:
• Allegedly manipulated Bank Nifty and Nifty 50 indices.
• Earned Rs 4,843 crore through options pricing distortions.
SEBI Directives:
• Profits to be transferred to escrow account.
• 21-day response period granted.
• Significance: Demonstrates SEBI's strict stance on market integrity.

$200M Green Climate Fund for India's Clean Energy

• Funding Approved: $200 million from GCF for ADB-led India Green Finance Facility
(IGFF).
Focus Areas:
• 24/7 renewable energy
• Green hydrogen
• Rural electric transport
• Decentralized solutions
Strategic Impact:
• Supports India's net-zero by 2070 goal.
• First ADB-GCF partnership in India.
• Targets hard-to-decarbonize sectors (industry, agriculture).

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Government Launches Massive Rs 1 Lakh Crore R&D Incentive Scheme

• The Union Cabinet has cleared a Rs 1 lakh crore Research Development and Innovation
(RDI) initiative
• Primary Objective: Boost private sector participation in fundamental research
• Key Features:
• Managed by Science and Technology Ministry.
• Additional Rs 20,000 crore budget allocation for FY2025-26.
• Focus on TRL-4 stage projects (proof-of-concept to prototype development).
• Strategic Goals:
• Reverse current 35:65 private:government R&D spending ratio.
• Achieve private sector dominance in research funding (70:30 ratio).
• Accelerate commercialization of innovative technologies.
• Eligibility: Only projects demonstrating commercial viability and technical maturity will
qualify.

Nvidia Creates History with $4 Trillion Valuation Milestone

• Achieved $4 trillion market cap on July 9, 2025 (share price: $164.42)

Growth Trajectory:
• 1,000% appreciation since January 2023.
• Now constitutes 7.5% of S&P 500 index weightage.
Growth Drivers:
• Unprecedented AI chip demand from tech giants (Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, Alphabet).
• Expected $350 billion industry capex on AI infrastructure.
Market Sentiment:
• 90% analyst buy ratings
• Trading at 33x forward P/E (below historical average).
• Strong revenue growth justifying premium valuation.
• Historical Context: Fastest ascent from $750B (2022) to $4T among tech behemoths.

Banking System Grapples with Record Rs 4.04 Trillion Liquidity Surplus

• Liquidity levels hit Rs 4.04 trillion on July 4 - highest since May 2022.
Primary Contributors:
• RBI's Rs 2.69 trillion surplus transfer to government.
• Accelerated fiscal spending.
RBI's Response:
• Conducted Rs 1 trillion VRRR auction at 5.47% cut-off.

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 • Rejected excess bids to prevent over-tightening.
Market Impact:
• Call rates stable at 5.25% (below repo rate).
• Reduced quarter-end liquidity pressures.
Forward Outlook:
• Potential increase in VRRR auction frequency/size.
• Careful balancing act to maintain policy rate transmission.
• Monitoring GST-related outflows in coming weeks.

LIC Partners with Rural Development Ministry to Expand Bima Sakhi Yojana

• LIC has entered into an agreement with the Rural Development Department to
implement the Bima Sakhi Yojana across rural India.
• The program creates insurance agency opportunities for women with performance-
linked incentives.
• Participants enjoy equivalent benefits as standard LIC agents.
• Primary objectives include women's economic empowerment and increasing insurance
accessibility in remote areas.

About Bima Sakhi - Mahila Career Agent (MCA) Scheme

• Launched by Government of India on December 9, 2024.

Financial disbursements:
• Rs 62.36 crore distributed as stipends in FY2024-25.
• Rs 520 crore allocated for FY2025-26 (Rs 115.13 crore already disbursed as of July 14,
2025).
• Current workforce strength: 205,896 certified Bima Sakhis nationwide.

LIC Organizational Profile

• Establishment: September 1, 1956

• Corporate Headquarters: Mumbai
• Chief Executive: R. Doraiswamy (CEO & Managing Director).

NPCI Expands UPI-PayNow Linkage with 13 New Indian Banks

• Enhanced Connectivity: NPCI International has included 13 additional Indian banks to

the UPI-PayNow cross-border payment system, increasing the total to 19 participating
banks.
• Effective Date: The expansion comes into effect from July 17, 2025, improving
remittance access for users in both India and Singapore.

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 Key Features of UPI-PayNow Integration
• Seamless Transfers:
• Indian users can receive funds from Singapore via UPI-enabled apps (BHIM, Google Pay,
PhonePe, and banking apps).
• Real-time transactions completed within seconds using UPI IDs, mobile numbers, or
VPAs.
Target Beneficiaries:
• Ideal for small, frequent transfers, particularly benefiting migrant workers and
students in Singapore.
• Accepted at select retail outlets in Singapore, broadening usage beyond remittances.
Innovation & Security.
• NPCI emphasizes this as the world's first cloud-based, real-time cross-border payment
system, ensuring:
• Secure transactions
• Cost-effective transfers

Fino Payments Bank Launches GATI Digital Account for Rural Bengal

• Product Launch: Fino Payments Bank introduces "GATI" digital savings account to boost
UPI adoption in rural West Bengal.
Key Features:
• Zero-balance account with instant eKYC onboarding.
• Instant UPI activation via FinoPay app (no branch visit required).
• Targets underserved groups: elderly, women, youth, and welfare beneficiaries.
Pricing Structure:
• Rs 100 one-time setup fee.
• Rs 50 quarterly charge (no annual fees).
Additional Benefits:
• Access to insurance products.
• Digital gold investment options.
• Referral loan facilities.
• Network Strength: Supported by 40,000+ merchant touchpoints across the state.

Central Government Releases Rs 9,578.4 Crore Disaster Relief Funds

• Fund Allocation: Rs 9,578.40 crore disbursed to 22 states under SDRF (as of July 15,
2025).
• Purpose: Provide relief for natural disasters (not compensation for losses).
Current Focus:
• IMCT team deployed to assess Himachal Pradesh flood/landslide damage.
• Assessment initiated before formal state request.
Policy Framework:
• States bear primary responsibility for disaster management (per NPDM).

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 • Funds earmarked for notified calamities (floods, landslides etc.)
Implementation:
• States expected to utilize existing SDRF allocations.
• Central support complements state-led relief efforts.

PIB IN NEWS

Cooperatives: Building a Better Tomorrow

• The United Nations has declared 2025 as the International Year of Cooperatives.
• The theme for the International Day of Cooperatives on 5th July 2025 is “Cooperatives
Build a Better World”.
• This declaration celebrates the cooperative model as a people-centric enterprise that is
instrumental in addressing global challenges and advancing the United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
• Global Scale: There are over 3 million cooperatives worldwide, employing approximately
280 million people, which accounts for about 10% of the global workforce.

Key Development: Tribhuvan Sahkari University (TSU)

• The foundation stone for Tribhuvan Sahkari University (TSU), to be laid by Home
Minister Amit Shah in Anand, Gujarat, marks a significant milestone.
• It will be India’s first national-level cooperative university.
• The university is named in honor of Tribhuvandas Patel, a key pioneer and leader of
India's cooperative movement, who laid the groundwork for the famed Amul dairy
cooperative.

India’s Roadmap to Energy Independence by 2047

• Energy Independence: Achieve by 2047 (100th year of independence).

• Net Zero Emissions: Achieve by 2070.
• Global Role: India is expected to contribute ~25% of the global incremental oil demand.
• Current Consumption: India is the 3rd largest global consumer of crude oil, with a
demand of ~5.4 million barrels/day.

Ambitious Hydrocarbon Exploration (Upstream)

• OALP Round-10: Opened 2.5 lakh sq km for exploration.

• Exploration Goals:
• 0.5 million sq km by 2025
• million sq km by 2030

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 • Prospects: Expecting a major, "Guyana-scale" discovery in the Andaman Sea.
• No-Go Area Reduction: 99% cut, freeing up over 1 million sq km for exploration.
• Supporting Initiatives:
• National Seismic Program
• Extended Continental Shelf Project
• Andaman Offshore surveys
• Mission Anveshan

Policy Reforms for Growth

• HELP Regime: Shifted from Production Sharing Contract (PSC) to a Revenue Sharing
Model.
• ORD Act 1948 Amendments: For better lease management, safety, and dispute
resolution.
• Integration with Renewables: Hybridisation of oil/gas blocks with renewable energy
sources.

Refining & Petrochemical Capacity (Midstream)

• Refining Capacity: Aim to increase from ~254 MMTPA (2024) to 310 MMTPA by 2028.
• Petrochemicals: Target to expand into a $300 billion industry by 2030.
• Import Diversification: Increased crude import sources from 27 countries (2014) to 40
countries (2025).

Energy Transition & Biofuels Push

• Global Biofuels Alliance: Includes 29+ countries and 14 international organisations.

• Ethanol Blending: Successfully scaled up blending in petrol.
• Alternative Fuels: Rapid deployment of Compressed Biogas (CBG), Sustainable Aviation
Fuel (SAF), and Biodiesel.
• Equity Focus: Promoting an equitable energy transition with "development with
dignity" for the Global South.

Ujjwala Moment: LPG & Clean Cooking Access (Downstream)

• PMUY Connections: 103 million+ LPG connections provided to women (world's largest
such program).
• LPG Coverage: Increased from 55% (2014) to near-universal (2025).
Affordability:
• Subsidised cylinder price: $6–7 for 14.2 kg (vs. global price of $10–11).
• Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) absorbed $4.7 billion in losses (FY 2024–25) to keep
prices stable.
India’s Strategic Approach: The Four Pillars

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 • Diversification: Source imports from 40 countries, build LNG terminals, and fill strategic
reserves.
• Decarbonization: Promote blended fuels, integrate renewables, and accelerate EV and
SAF adoption.
• Energy Equity: Provide targeted subsidies, ensure LPG for all, and integrate CBG into
rural energy grids.
• Stabilising Role: Act as a predictable demand anchor in global oil markets.

National Sports Policy (NSP) 2025

• Approval: Approved by the Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• Replacement: It supersedes the previous National Sports Policy of 2001.
• Primary Aim: To transform India into a global sporting powerhouse and a strong
contender for the Olympics by 2036.
• Formulation Process: Created through extensive consultations with various
stakeholders, including:
➢ Ministries
➢ NITI Aayog
➢ State Governments
➢ National Sports Federations (NSFs)
➢ Athletes
➢ Sports Experts
➢ The General Public

Core Pillars of NSP 2025

Excellence on the Global Stage

• Grassroots to Elite: Focus on early identification and nurturing of sporting talent.
• Infrastructure & Competition: Establish competitive leagues and significantly
enhance sports infrastructure.
• Athlete Support: Promote access to world-class training, sports science, and
comprehensive support systems for athletes.
• Governance: Strengthen the governance and accountability of National Sports
Federations (NSFs).
• Capacity Building: Develop high-quality human resources, including coaches,
technical officials, and support staff.
Sports for Economic Development
• Sports Tourism: Promote India as a destination for sports tourism and a host for
major international sporting events.
• Industry & Innovation: Boost the domestic sports manufacturing industry and
support sports-related startups.

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 • Funding Models: Encourage investment through Public-Private Partnerships (PPP),
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funds, and other innovative financing mechanisms.

Social Sectors In India

Employment Linked Incentive (ELI) Scheme

The Union Cabinet, chaired by the Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has approved
the Employment Linked Incentive (ELI) Scheme. This comprehensive initiative is designed to
stimulate job growth, improve youth employability, extend social security coverage, and offer
specific incentives to the manufacturing sector.

Key Scheme Details:

• Financial Outlay: Rs 99,446 Crore

• Overall Job Creation Target: Over 3.5 Crore (35 million) jobs within two years.
• Implementation Period: Jobs created between 01 August 2025 and 31 July 2027 will be
eligible for benefits.
• The scheme is structured in two parts:

Part A: Incentive for First-Time Employees

This component provides direct financial support to new entrants to the formal workforce.

Eligibility:

• Must be a first-time employee registered with the Employees' Provident Fund

Organisation (EPFO).
• Monthly salary must be Rs 1 Lakh or less.

Benefit:

• A one-time incentive equivalent to one month's EPF wage (capped at Rs 15,000),

disbursed in two installments.

Payment Schedule:

• First Installment: Paid after completing 6 months of continuous service.

• Second Installment: Paid after completing 12 months of continuous service and a
financial literacy program.

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 • Savings Encouragement: A portion of the incentive will be directed into a savings
instrument or deposit account for a fixed period to promote financial security, which
can be withdrawn later.
• Expected Beneficiaries: 1.92 Crore first-time employees.
• Mode of Payment: Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) via the Aadhar Bridge Payment System
(ABPS).

Part B: Support for Employers

• This component incentivizes businesses to generate additional employment, with a

special focus on the manufacturing sector.
• Focus: Encouraging net new employment generation across all sectors, particularly
manufacturing.

Eligibility Criteria:

• Establishments must be registered with EPFO.

• Must create a minimum number of additional jobs:
• At least 2 new employees for establishments with fewer than 50 existing staff.
• At least 5 new employees for establishments with 50 or more existing staff.
• The new employment must be sustained for a minimum of 6 months.
• The monthly salary of these new employees must be Rs 1 Lakh or less.
Incentive Structure for Employers:
• Duration: Incentives are provided for 2 years, extendable to a 3rd and 4th year for the
manufacturing sector.
• Amount: The monthly incentive per eligible employee is based on their EPF wage slab:

EPF Wage Slab Incentive per Employee per Month

Up to Rs 10,000* Up to Rs 1,000 (proportional)

Rs 10,001 – Rs 20,000 Rs 2,000

Rs 20,001 – Rs 1,00,000 Rs 3,000

**Incentive is calculated proportionally for wages in this slab (e.g., 10% of the wage).*

• Expected Job Creation: Approximately 2.60 Crore additional employments.

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 • Mode of Payment: Incentives are paid via direct credit into the employer's PAN-linked
bank account.

RailOne App

• Union Railway Minister Shri Ashwini Vaishnaw launched the RailOne app.
• RailOne is a comprehensive, user-friendly mobile application that brings together
multiple railway passenger services on a single platform.
• Aim: To enhance the passenger experience and improve digital access to services.
• RailOne is authorised by IRCTC
• It integrates all the passenger services such as:
• Unreserved UTS Tickets via R-Wallet to Get 3% Discount
• Live train tracking
• Grievance redressal
• E-catering, porter booking & last-mile taxi

Coal Ministry to Launch RECLAIM: A Framework for Sustainable Mine Closure

• The Ministry of Coal is set to introduce RECLAIM, a comprehensive Community

Engagement and Development Framework. This initiative is specifically designed to
manage the social and economic aspects of closing coal mines.
Key Details:
• Developed by: The Coal Controller Organisation (under the Ministry of Coal) in
partnership with the Heartfulness Institute.
• Primary Purpose: To serve as a structured guide for inclusive community engagement
and development during and after the process of mine closure.
• Framework Function:
RECLAIM provides a practical, step-by-step approach to ensure that local communities
are active participants in the transition. It aims to institutionalize community
involvement, safeguarding their interests and fostering sustainable development long
after a mine has ceased operations.

What is RECLAIM?
Responsible, Equitable, Community-led, Landscape-level Approach for Indian Mine Closure: is
the full form of RECLAIM.

Hurun Global Unicorn Index 2025

• The Hurun Research Institute has released its 2025 Global Unicorn Index, ranking the
world's most valuable privately-held startups.
Global Overview:

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 • Record High: The number of unicorns (startups valued over $1 billion) has reached a
new record of 1,523, marking an increase of 70 from the previous year.
• Collective Value: These companies represent a combined valuation of $5.6 trillion,
underscoring their massive economic influence.
Country Rankings:
• United States: The USA continues its global dominance, hosting 758 unicorns—nearly
half of the world's total. Its leadership is further cemented as six of the top ten most
valuable unicorns are US-based.
• India: India secures the 3rd position globally with 64 billion-dollar startups.
Leading Cities:
• San Francisco reaffirms its status as the "Unicorn Capital of the World," with an
unmatched count of 199 unicorns.
• New York solidifies its position as a major innovation hub, ranking second.

Launch of UHC PEERS Platform

• A new initiative, UHC PEERS (Universal Health Coverage Practitioners and Experts
Knowledge Exchange and Resources), has been launched to advance healthcare
collaboration in the Asia-Pacific region.
Key Details:
• Launched by: The Asian Development Bank (ADB)
• Launch Event: The INclusive, Sustainable, Prosperous, and REsilient (INSPIRE) Health
Systems in Asia and the Pacific Health Forum.
• Primary Aim: To boost health innovation and digital cooperation across Asia-Pacific.
• Platform Function:
UHC PEERS is a regional peer-to-peer platform designed to facilitate knowledge-sharing
among health professionals. It will focus on critical areas such as:
• Health financing
• Service delivery innovations
• Digital health solutions
• This new platform is designed to complement the work of the existing UHC Knowledge
Hub in Tokyo.

Nationwide Launch of the Sanchar Mitra Scheme

• The Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Government of India, has launched

the Sanchar Mitra Scheme nationwide. The initiative is designed to empower youth to
become Digital Ambassadors, promoting telecom awareness and digital literacy at the
grassroots level.

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 • Core Objective:
To harness the potential of student volunteers ("Sanchar Mitras") to bridge the digital
knowledge gap and foster informed digital behavior within their communities.
• Guiding Pillars:
The scheme operates on three foundational principles:
• CONNECT. EDUCATE. INNOVATE.
• Implementation:
Initially piloted in select institutions, the program has now been scaled up for pan-India
implementation.
• Role of a Sanchar Mitra:
Student volunteers designated as Sanchar Mitras will:
• Conduct grassroots-level awareness drives.
• Engage directly with local communities and NGOs.
• Act as catalysts for positive digital behavior in their surroundings.
• Raise public awareness on critical telecom issues like digital safety, cyber fraud
prevention, and addressing EMF radiation concerns.
• Promote responsible mobile usage and enhance digital literacy.
• Selection and Training:
• Identification: Participating institutions will be identified in consultation with local DoT
field units.
• Eligibility: Students from relevant academic backgrounds such as telecom, electronics,
computer science, and cyber security will be nominated.
• Training: Sanchar Mitras will receive expert training from the National Communications
Academy–Technology (NCA-T), DoT’s Media Wing, and field experts. This training will
also provide exposure to cutting-edge technologies like 5G, 6G, Artificial Intelligence
(AI), and Cyber Security.

World Population Day 2025

• World Population Day is being celebrated every year on 11th July.

• Theme: “Empowering young people to create the families they want in a fair and
hopeful world.”

Launch of TALASH for Tribal Students

• A new national program, TALASH (Tribal Aptitude, Life Skills and Self-Esteem Hub), has
been launched to support the holistic development of tribal students in India.
Key Details:

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 • Launched by: The National Education Society for Tribal Students (NESTS), an
autonomous body under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, in partnership with UNICEF
India.
• Primary Aim: To enhance both the educational outcomes and personal growth of tribal
students across the country.
• Target Beneficiaries: Students enrolled in Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRSs).
• Implementation:
The program will be implemented in a phased manner, with the goal of being active
in all EMRSs by the end of 2025.

India Achieves Major Clean Energy Milestone

• India has reached a significant landmark in its energy transition, successfully meeting a
key target well ahead of schedule.
Key Achievement:
• 50% Non-Fossil Fuel Capacity: India's installed electricity capacity from non-fossil fuel
sources (renewable energy + nuclear) has now crossed 50%.
• Target Achieved Early: This goal was set for 2030, but has been accomplished five years
ahead of schedule, in 2025.
• Broader Vision:
This milestone is a critical step toward India's larger clean energy ambitions:
• 500 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030.
• Net-Zero Emissions by 2070.

Breakdown of Installed Electricity Capacity (as of report)

Sector Capacity Percentage

Thermal (Fossil Fuels) 242.04 GW 49.92%

Non-Fossil Fuel Sources 242.78 GW 50.08%

↳ Renewable Energy (incl. Large Hydro) 234.00 GW 48.27%

↳ Nuclear 8.78 GW 1.81%

Total Installed Capacity 484.82 GW 100%

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Sector Capacity Percentage

MISSION VATSALYA PORTAL

• Ministry of Women and Child Development has launched the revamped Mission
Vatsalya Portal.
• It is an integrated Digital platform for all the stakeholders related to child protection
services.
• Mission Vatsalya portal is a technologically upgraded secure portal which provides
digital working platform for various stakeholders across different levels at State and
district.
• The earlier Khoya-Paya and TrackChild services have been brought under this unified
portal.

Akhil Bharatiya Shiksha Samagam 2025

• The national education summit was inaugurated to commemorate the 5th

anniversary of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. Dr. K. Kasturirangan, the
chairperson of the NEP 2020 Drafting Committee, was a key figure at the event.
• The summit served as a platform to launch several significant digital initiatives.
Initiatives by the Department of School Education & Literacy (DoSEL)
1. TARA App
• Purpose: To enable data-driven decision-making in education governance.
• Function: Provides a robust platform for assessing and improving reading
fluency among students in Grades 3 to 8.
2. Swachh Evam Harit Vidyalaya Rating (SHVR) 2025–26
• Purpose: A 5-Star rating system to evaluate schools on cleanliness (Swachh) and green
initiatives (Harit).
• Assessment Framework: Based on 60 indicators across six categories: Water, Toilets,
Handwashing with Soap, Operation & Maintenance, Behaviour Change & Capacity
Building, and Mission LiFE activities.
• Development: Improved assessment tools were developed by NCERT, NIC, and UNICEF.
• Recognition Structure:
• District Level: 8 schools will be nominated for state-level recognition.
• State Level: A maximum of 20 five-star schools will be nominated for national-level
recognition.
• National Level: 200 top-performing schools will be nationally recognized.

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 Initiatives by the Department of Higher Education
1. ViBe – Engage. Enjoy. Enlighten. (by IIT Ropar)
• Nature: An AI-powered active learning platform developed by IIT Ropar's Education
Design Lab.
Features:
• Segments lessons into bite-sized content.
• Provides adaptive challenges and real-time feedback.
• Empowers educators by automating routine assessments, allowing them to focus on
experiential learning.
2. Bhasha Sagar App
• Purpose: To promote learning Indian languages through Indian languages, eliminating
the reliance on English as an intermediary.
3. KoshaSHRI Portal
• Nature: A complete digitization of the 35-volume Encyclopaedic Sanskrit Dictionary.
• Funding: Department of Science & Technology under the Science and Heritage
Research Initiative (SHRI) scheme.
• Development: Developed by C-DAC Pune.
• Features: Offers advanced search, article authoring, Sanskrit font tools, and
supports collaborative research.

Ather Energy Signs MoU with DPIIT for 'Build in Bharat' Initiative
• Electric vehicle manufacturer Ather Energy has signed a Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) with the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal
Trade (DPIIT).
• This partnership falls under the Startup Policy Forum’s 'Build in Bharat' initiative, a
collaborative government-industry effort designed to accelerate growth in the deep-
tech and electric vehicle (EV) manufacturing ecosystems in India.
Key Objectives of the Collaboration:
• The MoU aims to strengthen India's industrial and innovation landscape by focusing on:
• Strategic Mentorship: Providing guidance and mentorship to deep-tech startups.
• Infrastructure Support: Supporting the development of robust infrastructure across the
EV value chain.
• Innovation Programs: Launching joint initiatives like the Bharat Startup Grand
Challenge to spur innovation.
• Capacity Building: Promoting skill development, offering on-ground exposure, and
facilitating participation in major events like Startup Mahakumbh.

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 THE MOST IMPORTANT CURRENT AFFAIRS OF JULY 2025

Colombia and Uzbekistan Become Members of the New Development Bank

• New Members: Colombia and Uzbekistan have officially joined the New Development
Bank (NDB).
• Expanded Membership: This brings the total number of NDB member countries to 11.
• Origin: The NDB was established in 2015 by the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India,
China, and South Africa).
• Primary Focus: The bank's core mission is to fund infrastructure and sustainable
development projects in emerging economies.
• Headquarters: The NDB is headquartered in Shanghai, China.
• Portfolio: It has approved over 120 projects in key sectors such as:
➢ Clean Energy
➢ Transport
➢ Sanitation
➢ Digital Infrastructure
Complete Member List: The current members are:
• Founding BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa
• Subsequent Members: Bangladesh, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Egypt, Algeria
• Newest Members: Colombia, Uzbekistan
• Strategic Direction: NDB President Dilma Rousseff has reaffirmed the bank's
commitment to supporting the Global South, with a specific emphasis on innovation,
science, and technology.

Kerala's First Skin Bank in Thiruvananthapuram

• Inauguration: Kerala's first skin bank will be launched on July 15 at the

Thiruvananthapuram Government Medical College (MCH), coinciding with World Plastic
Surgery Day.
• Approval & Funding: The project has been approved by the Kerala State Organ and
Tissue Transplant Organisation (K-SOTTO) and has been constructed at a cost of Rs 6.75
crore.
• Donation Process: The bank will receive skin donations through the established organ
donation system.
• Primary Use: To store donated skin for the treatment of severe burn victims.
• Medical Benefit: Donated skin acts as a temporary biological dressing that:
➢ Significantly reuces pain.
➢ Lowers the risk of infection.
➢ Promotes healing until the patient's own skin can be grafted.

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 • Storage: The donated skin is carefully preserved at a specific controlled
temperature for future medical use.

NITI Aayog Releases 2nd Edition of North Eastern Region District SDG Index
(2023–24)

• NITI Aayog, in partnership with the Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region
(MoDoNER) and UNDP, has released the second edition of the North Eastern Region
(NER) District SDG Index 2023–24, covering 121 districts across eight northeastern
states.
• The Index tracks district-level progress on the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) and acts as a framework for evidence-based planning and monitoring.
• Mizoram’s Hnahthial district achieved the highest score (81.43), while Longding in
Arunachal Pradesh recorded the lowest (58.71). Districts were categorized
into Achiever, Front Runner, Performer, or Aspirant.
• All districts in Mizoram, Sikkim, and Tripura were placed in the Front Runner category,
with none falling under Achiever or Aspirant groups.
• Sikkim displayed the most consistent performance, while Nagaland and
Mizoram showed greater disparities in district-level scores.
• Leaders such as Suman Bery and B.V.R. Subrahmanyam underlined the Index’s
importance in advancing SDG targets by 2030 and realizing the vision of Viksit Bharat
@2047.
• The report emphasizes cooperative federalism, data-driven policy action, and
localization of national flagship schemes as essential for regional development.
• The Index serves as a tool to identify gaps, guide interventions, and ensure no district is
left behind in sustainable growth.
• Tripura and Sikkim recorded minimal intra-state score variations, whereas Arunachal
Pradesh and Assam showed wider performance gaps between districts.
• The initiative supports India’s aim of promoting inclusive and balanced growth in the
Northeast through targeted support and innovative policies.
• The progress highlighted in the report reflects the influence of programmes like
the Aspirational Districts Programme, which has improved critical social and economic
indicators.
• UNDP’s Angela Lusigi stressed that every data point must translate into tangible
improvements in human development outcomes across the region.

Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2022–23 & 2023–24

• The HCES 2022–23 and 2023–24 collected detailed data on food consumption, along
with estimates of calorie, protein, and fat intake across states, sectors (rural/urban),
and MPCE (Monthly Per Capita Expenditure) classes.

30
 • The report titled “Nutritional Intake in India” continues the NSO’s tradition of
publishing comprehensive estimates on per capita nutrient intake, serving as a resource
for policymakers and researchers.
Calorie Intake Trends:
• 2022–23: Rural – 2233 Kcal, Urban – 2250 Kcal
• 2023–24: Rural – 2212 Kcal, Urban – 2240 Kcal
• The bottom fractile classes showed an increase in average calorie intake between
2022–23 and 2023–24, with calorie consumption generally rising alongside higher MPCE
levels in both rural and urban areas.
• Inter-state disparities in nutrient intake were significant, though the gap between
bottom and top MPCE groups narrowed in 2023–24.
• Over the long term, from 2009–10 to 2023–24, there has been a marginal increase in
per capita calorie and protein intake in both rural and urban India.
• Cereals remain the dominant food source contributing to nutritional intake, though
their share is gradually declining with diversification in diets.

RBI Releases Financial Stability Report – June 2025

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) published the June 2025 edition of the Financial
Stability Report (FSR).
• The report reflects the collective assessment of the Sub-Committee of the Financial
Stability and Development Council (FSDC-SC) on the resilience of India’s financial
system and the risks to financial stability.
Key Highlights:
Global Outlook:
• The global economy and financial system are under pressure from elevated economic and
trade policy uncertainties.
• Financial markets remain volatile, particularly in core government bond markets, due
to changing policy stances and geopolitical tensions.
• Vulnerabilities like rising public debt and high asset valuations could amplify new shocks.
India’s Position:
• Despite the challenging external environment, India continues to be a key driver of
global growth, supported by strong macroeconomic fundamentals and prudent
macroeconomic policies.
The domestic financial system remains resilient, backed by:
• Healthy balance sheets of banks and non-banking financial institutions (NBFCs).
• Eased financial conditions, supported by accommodative monetary policy.
• Low volatility in Indian financial markets.
• Strengthening of corporate sector balance sheets, contributing to overall macroeconomic
stability.

UN Child Mortality Estimation 2024 Report – India’s Progress

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 • India achieved a 78% decline in the under-five mortality rate, surpassing the global
average decline of 61%.
• Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR): India recorded a 70% reduction, compared to
the global reduction of 54%.
The Union Health Ministry credited this achievement to:
• Expanded vaccine coverage.
• Targeted efforts to reach underserved and remote populations.
• Vaccination as a Strategy: Recognized as a powerful, cost-effective public health
tool within India’s health framework.
Universal Immunization Programme (UIP): Provides free vaccines annually to:
• 2.9 crore pregnant women.
• 2.6 crore infants.
• India’s approach is marked by proactive outreach, inclusivity, and regular immunization
drives to strengthen health outcomes.
• Zero-dose children (unvaccinated): Declined from 0.11% in 2023 to 0.06% in 2024,
showing significant progress in last-mile immunization.

Gini Index – India’s Position (World Bank Report 2025)

• Inequality in India has significantly reduced between 2011–12 and 2022–23, making
India the 4th most equal country in the world.
• Extreme poverty has fallen sharply from 16.2% to 2.3% during the same period.
• India’s Gini Index now stands at 25.5, reflecting moderately low inequality.
Global Comparison:
• Countries ranking better than India: Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Belarus.
India’s Gini score is far lower than:
• China – 35.7
• USA – 41.8
Definition:
• The Gini Index measures inequality in income, wealth, or consumption distribution,
ranging from:
• 0 → Perfect equality
• 100 → Complete inequality
India’s Positioning:
• With a score of 25.5, India belongs to the moderately low inequality group (among 167
countries).
• India is close to entering the “low inequality” category (Gini score < 25), showing
sustained improvement.
• Government’s View: Welfare schemes and social initiatives of the past decade have
been credited for reducing inequality and poverty.

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Global Liveability Index 2025 – Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU)

• Urban migration is rising worldwide, increasing emphasis on sustainable, inclusive, and

service-rich cities.
• The Global Liveability Index 2025 covered 173 cities with an average global score of
76.1/100.
• Key Trends:
• Improvements in education, healthcare, and infrastructure.
• Decline in stability scores due to geopolitical tensions and the global housing crisis.
Top Cities (2025 Rankings):
• Copenhagen, Denmark – 98/100
• Perfect scores: Stability (100), Education (100), Infrastructure (100).
• Ended Vienna’s 3-year reign at the top.
• Vienna, Austria – 97.1/100
• Perfect in Healthcare (100), Education (100), Infrastructure (100).
• Zurich, Switzerland – 97.1/100
• Strong across all parameters, especially Healthcare (100).
• Melbourne, Australia – 97/100
• Geneva, Switzerland – 96.8/100
• Sydney, Australia – 96.6/100
• Osaka, Japan – 96/100
• Achieved 100 in Stability and Healthcare, but lower in Culture & Environment
(86.8).
Regional Highlights:
• Western Europe & Asia-Pacific dominated the top rankings.
• Vancouver (Canada) represented North America in top ranks.
• Middle East & Africa: Generally lower ranks, but Al Khobar (Saudi Arabia) rose
notably due to Vision 2030 investments.
Significance:
• The index underscores global efforts to improve urban liveability, balancing stability,
healthcare, infrastructure, education, and culture/environment despite
ongoing economic and geopolitical challenges.

UNEP’s 7th Frontiers Report 2025 – “The Weight of Time”

• The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) released its 7th Frontiers Report
(2025) titled “The Weight of Time”.
• The report highlights the growing risks from extreme heat and toxic pollution,
particularly impacting the ageing global population in urban and low-income regions.
Heat-related deaths among elderly (65+):
• Increased by 85% since the 1990s.

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 • Could rise by 370% by 2050 with a 2°C global temperature increase.
Urban ageing challenges:
• Cities face heat island effects and higher pollution levels, increasing vulnerability.
• Calls for age-friendly, greener urban planning to safeguard older populations.
Pollution & Toxic Threats:
• Floods can release legacy pollutants stored in sediments, including:
• Lead, cadmium, pesticide residues, etc.
• These toxins spread through water, soil, and food chains, posing severe risks.
Health & Ecosystem Impacts:
• Cancer, neurotoxicity, reproductive harm.
• Damage to ecosystems and biodiversity.
Case Studies:
Past instances of toxic pollutant release and consequences noted in:
• Texas (USA)
• Niger Delta (Nigeria)
• Pakistan

United Nations SDG Report 2025 – Key Highlights

• The 2025 UN SDG Report raises concerns that 35% of SDG targets are
stagnating or regressing, showing that global progress is off-track.
Major Setbacks:
SDG 2 – Zero Hunger:
• Over 2.3 billion people experienced food insecurity in 2023.
• Hunger is worsening due to conflict, climate change, and economic instability,
particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
SDG 4 – Quality Education:
• Learning losses remain widespread, especially among low-income and conflict-
affected regions.
SDG 6 – Clean Water & Sanitation:
• Many regions continue to face water scarcity, poor sanitation, and
infrastructure deficits.
Employment & Economy:
SDG 8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth:
• 57.8% of global workers are employed in the informal sector.
• Youth unemployment is nearly 3 times higher than adult unemployment rates.
Environment & Climate:
SDG 14 – Life Below Water:
• Marine ecosystems are underfunded and facing severe stress.
• Fish stocks continue to decline due to overfishing, pollution, and climate impacts.
• Climate change remains a rising threat across multiple SDGs, compounding inequality
and food insecurity.
Health Challenges:

34
 SDG 3 – Good Health & Well-being:
• Maternal mortality and universal health coverage targets show stagnation.
• Progress weakened by post-pandemic strain and funding gaps in global health
systems.

Henley Passport Index 2025 – India’s Best-Ever Ranking

• India’s passport rose 8 places to reach 77th position, marking its highest-ever
rank on the index.
• Indian passport holders now enjoy visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 59
destinations, up from 57 in 2024.
New visa-free additions (2025):
• Philippines
• Sri Lanka
• Popular destinations already accessible include Malaysia, Thailand, and Maldives.
• Regional Comparisons:
• India now ranks ahead of Pakistan and Bangladesh, highlighting an improvement
in global mobility and diplomatic influence.
Global Rankings (Top Countries – 2025):
• Singapore – Access to 193 destinations (world’s most powerful passport).
• Japan & South Korea – Access to 190 destinations.
3–5. Several European nations (dominating top ranks).
• United Kingdom – Rank 6th.
• United States – Rank 10th.
• Both saw a decline in travel freedom compared to earlier years.

MSME Outlook Survey – Third Edition (2025–26)

• The Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) released the third edition of
the MSME Outlook Survey, covering 1,200 MSMEs across manufacturing, services, and
trading sectors.

• Findings (Q1 of 2025–26):

o Improved capacity utilisation in both manufacturing and services compared to
the previous quarter.
o Around 20% of MSMEs reported above-normal capacity utilisation.
• Significance:
o Indicates rising operational efficiency.
o Reflects revival in demand among small and medium enterprises.

India first country to launch a traditional knowledge digital library

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 • The World Health Organization (WHO) has released its first-ever technical brief on
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Traditional Medicine, prominently highlighting India's
leadership in this field.
• This significant brief was developed following a proposal from India, acknowledging the
country's innovative approach to modernizing its healthcare systems.
• The WHO specifically recognized advanced initiatives like Ayurgenomics, which
integrates AI with Ayurveda and genomics to enable personalized health strategies.
• India is deploying AI tools—including machine learning and deep neural networks—
across its traditional systems (Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Sowa Rigpa, and Homoeopathy)
to enhance diagnostic capabilities by merging traditional assessments with modern
technology.
• The WHO praised India's Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL), a first-of-
its-kind initiative, and other AI-driven tools for their role in preserving, digitizing, and
analyzing ancient medical texts.
• AI is being utilized to study herbal formulations, understand drug action pathways, and
even develop chemical sensors to scientifically measure traditional properties like Rasa
(taste), Guna (quality), and Virya (potency).

Tamil Nadu Launches India's First Hornbill Conservation Centre

• Pioneering Initiative: Tamil Nadu has established India's first-ever Centre of Excellence
for Hornbill Conservation.
• Location: The centre is situated within the Anamalai Tiger Reserve (ATR) in Coimbatore.
• Funding: It is funded with Rs 1 crore from the state's Endangered Species Conservation
Corpus Fund.

Indian Navy Inducts First Indigenous Diving Support Vessel 'Nistar'

• Milestone Achievement: The first indigenously designed and built Diving Support Vessel
(DSV), 'Nistar', was delivered to the Indian Navy.
• Builder & Date: It was delivered by Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL) on 08 July 2025.
• Indigenous Standards: The vessel is designed in accordance with Indian Register of
Shipping (IRS) standards.
• Primary Role: It is specifically equipped for Deep Sea Diving and Rescue Operations.

Indian Naval Fleet Arrives for SIMBEX 2025

• Deployed Units: A task force of four indigenously-built Indian warships has arrived in
Singapore to participate in the 32nd edition of the SIMBEX exercise.
• Ships Include: The fleet consists of INS Delhi, INS Satpura, INS Kiltan, and INS Shakti.
• Leadership: The ships are part of the Eastern Naval Fleet and are led by Rear Admiral
Sushil Menon.

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ESIC Launches SPREE 2025 to Widen Social Security Net

• Approval & Leadership: The Employees’ State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) approved the SPREE
2025 initiative during its 196th meeting, chaired by Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya in Shimla.
• Objective: It is a special drive aimed at significantly expanding social security coverage under the
ESI Act.
Key Features of the Initiative
• Validity Period: The scheme will be active for a limited time, from 1st July 2025 to 31st
December 2025.
• Target Beneficiaries: It provides a one-time opportunity for unregistered
employers and their employees (including contractual and temporary workers) to enroll
in the ESIC scheme.

Harikrishnan becomes India’s 87th GM Harikrishnan

• Harikrishnan A. Ra., after remaining an International Master for seven years, has finally
become India’s 87th Grandmaster.
• He earned his final GM-norm at the La Plagne International Chess Festival in France by drawing
with P. Iniyan in the last round. He got his first GM-norm in Biel, Switzerland (2023) and the
second in Lince Andujar, Spain (June 2025).

Global Peace Index (GPI) 2025: Key Findings

• Published by: The Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP)

Edition: 19th
Purpose: The GPI is a comprehensive measure of global peacefulness, evaluating
nations based on 23 indicators across three core domains:
• Societal Safety and Security
• Ongoing Domestic and International Conflict
• Level of Militarisation
• Scoring: Countries are scored on a scale of 1 (most peaceful) to 5 (least peaceful).
Global Trends: A Continued Decline
• The 2025 report highlights a concerning trend:
• Sixth Consecutive Decline: Global peacefulness dropped by an average of 0.36%,
marking the sixth straight year of deterioration.
• Historic Conflict Risk: The risk of conflict is now at its highest level since the end of the
Second World War.
• Regional Performance: Peacefulness declined in 7 out of the 8 global regions. South
America was the sole region to show improvement.
• Country Performance: 74 countries became more peaceful, while 87 saw a
decline. Azerbaijan showed the most significant improvement, rising 17 places in the
rankings.

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 Important Rankings
Top 5 Most Peaceful Countries:
• Iceland (Maintained its top position since 2008)
• Ireland
• New Zealand
• Austria (Tied for 4th)
• Switzerland (Tied for 4th)
• Singapore
India's Performance:
• Rank: 115th (improved from 116th in 2024)
• Score: 2.229 (a 0.58% improvement in score)
Regional Analysis:
• Most Peaceful Region: Western and Central Europe, home to eight of the top ten most
peaceful countries.
Second Most Peaceful Region: Asia-Pacific
• Least Peaceful Region: The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, a title it has
held for the tenth consecutive year.
• Second Least Peaceful Region: South Asia
• Bhutan is ranked as the most peaceful nation within South Asia.
• Bottom 3 Least Peaceful Countries:
163. Russia
162. Ukraine
161. Sudan

Shubman Gill breaks Sunil Gavaskar's 49-year-old record, becomes youngest

Indian captain to win an overseas Testt

• Indian Test Captain Shubman Gill breaks Sunil Gavaskar's 49-year-old record, becomes
youngest Indian captain to win an overseas Test.
• Gavaskar created the record in 1976 in Auckland.
• At 25, he became India's youngest Test captain to secure an overseas victory.
• He became the first batter in Test history to score 250 and 150 in the same match,
compiling majestic innings of 269 and 161.

India's New UNESCO World Heritage Site: Maratha Military Landscapes

• During the 47th Session of the World Heritage Committee in Paris, 'The Maratha
Military Landscapes of India' was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. This
becomes India's 44th World Heritage Site.
• About the New Site:

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 • Composition: An extensive network of twelve distinct forts dating from the 17th to the
19th centuries CE.
• Location: Spread across the diverse geography of Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.
• Significance: Represents a sophisticated system of military architecture developed by
the Maratha Empire.
The 12 Forts & Their Types:
The inscribed site includes the following forts, categorized by their strategic design:
• Hill Forts: Salher, Shivneri, Lohgad, Raigad, Rajgad, Gingee Fort (Tamil Nadu)
• Hill-Forest Fort: Pratapgad
• Hill-Plateau Fort: Panhala
• Coastal Fort: Vijaydurg
• Island Forts: Khanderi, Suvarnadurg, Sindhudurg
• Protection Status:
• Archaeological Survey of India (ASI): Protects Shivneri, Lohgad, Raigad, Suvarnadurg,
Panhala, Vijaydurg, Sindhudurg, and Gingee Fort.
• Government of Maharashtra: Protects Salher, Rajgad, Khanderi, and Pratapgad.

India's Standing on the World Heritage List

• Total Sites: 44 Properties
• 36 Cultural
• 7 Natural
• 1 Mixed (Khangchendzonga National Park)
• Global Rank: 6th globally and 2nd in the Asia-Pacific region.
• Global Leaders: Italy and China lead with 60 sites each.
• Global List: The World Heritage List now includes 1,232 properties across 168 countries.
• India's World Heritage Journey:
• First Inscriptions (1983): Ajanta Caves, Ellora Caves, Agra Fort, Taj Mahal.
• Previous Inscription (2024): The Moidams of Charaideo, Assam.
• Next Nomination (2026): Sarnath in Varanasi has been chosen as India's candidate.
• Tentative List: India has 62 sites on its Tentative List, a prerequisite for future
nominations.

About UNESCO and the World Heritage Committee

• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

• Established: 1945
• Headquarters: Paris, France

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 • Membership: 194 Member States and 12 Associate Members.
• Convention Ratification: India ratified the World Heritage Convention in 1977.
• World Heritage Committee (WHC)
• Composition: 21 Member States elected for 6-year terms.
• Function: Manages the World Heritage List and the List of World Heritage in Danger;
allocates funds from the World Heritage Fund.
• India's Role: India is currently a member of the WHC (2021-2025), serving its 4th term.
• Key Decision from the 47th Session:
The Committee removed three African sites from the List of World Heritage in
Danger due to improved conservation:
• Rainforests of the Atsinanana (Madagascar)
• Abu Mena (Egypt)
• Old Town of Ghadamès (Libya)

India’s 87th Grandmaster

• A Ra Harikrishnan earned his third GM-norm at the La Plagne International Chess

Festival in France to become the country’s 87th Grandmaster.
• The Chennai-based Chess professional earned his first GM norm in July 2023 at the Biel
International Chess Festival in Switzerland. Harikrishnan, gained his second one at
Andujar Open in Spain last month.
• In chess, a Grandmaster (GM) norm is a performance in a tournament that meets
specific criteria, indicating a strong level of play.
• To achieve the GM title, a player typically needs to earn three GM norms and reach a
FIDE rating of 2500.

Quacquarelli Symonds Best Student Cities” Ranking 2026

• Quacquarelli Symonds, after assessing 150 cities worldwide, has released the “Best
Student Cities” ranking for 2026.
• Delhi emerged as the world’s most affordable student city, ranking first globally in this
indicator.

Jagdeep Dhankar

• Vice President of India Jagdeep Dhankar has resigned from his post.
• He has earlier served as Governor of West Bengal
• In July 2025, Jagdeep Dhankhar, Vice President of India since 2022, resigned mid-term,
citing health reasons under Article 67(a) of the Constitution.

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 • This made him the third Vice President in Indian history to resign before completing his
term, after V.V. Giri (1969) and R. Venkataraman (1987).
• Due to his resignation, Article 68 has been invoked, which mandates that a new Vice
President must be elected as soon as possible, although there is no specific deadline,
unlike in the case of the President.
• Since the Constitution does not provide for an acting Vice President, the Deputy
Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, Harivansh Narayan Singh, will temporarily preside over its
sessions until a new Vice President is elected.
• Vice President is elected under Article 66 by an Electoral College comprising members of
both Houses of Parliament, and eligibility is defined under Article 66(3).

World’s Best Consumer Bank for 2025

• As of July 2025, the State Bank of India (SBI) was named the World’s Best Consumer
Bank for 2025 by Global Finance magazine, a prominent global financial publication.
• The selection was made based on Global Finance's internal research and analysis, as
well as contributions from corporate finance executives, analysts, and global bankers.
• This recognition underscores SBI’s position as a leading global consumer bank, reflecting
excellence in customer service, innovation, and financial performance.
• SBI is India’s largest public sector bank and has consistently been at the forefront of
digital banking transformation, financial inclusion, and retail outreach.

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