Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 Mark)
1. What is development?
Answer: It is a comprehensive term which includes increase in real per capita
income, improvement in living standard of people, reduction in poverty etc.
2. Mention any two developmental goals of a landless rural labourer.
Answer: (i) More days of work and better wages.
(ii) Quality education for his children.
3. Mention any two developmental goals of a girl.
Answer: (i) Gender equality
(ii) Girls empowerment
4. What may be development for one may not be development for the other.
It may even be destructive for other. Give one example.
Answer: Construction of a dam may be good for an industrialist as he will get
more electricity but construction of dam submerge the land and disrupt the lives
of people who are displaced.
5. Mention any two developmental goals of people other than income.
Answer: (i) Equal treatment (ii) Respect of others
6. Mention any two developmental goals of a rural women.
7. What is national development?
8. Mention any two national development goals of India.
10. ‘For comparing countries, total income or national income is not a
useful measure. Give example
11. What is average income or per capita income? [CBSE 2014
12. What is the most important component for comparing different
countries? [CBSE 2010, 12]
13. Which criteria is used by the World Bank to classify different countries?
Q.14. Which countries have been categorised as rich countries according to
the World Development Report? [CBSE 2014]
15. Which countries have been categorised as low income countries
according to World Development Report?
16. Under which category India has been placed by the World Bank
Development report
17. What are developed countries according to World Development Report
?
Answer: All the countries excluding countries of Middle East and certain other
small countries which have per capita income of US $ 12276 per annum or
above have been termed as developed countries
18. What is Infant Mortality Rate? [CBSE 2009, 2013 (D)]
19. What is Literacy Rate? [CBSE 2009 (D)]
20. What is Net Attendance ratio? [CBSE 2014]
21. What is Gross Enrolment Ratio?
22. Which Indian state has the lowest Infant Mortality Rate ?
23. Why Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate ? [CBSE 2008, 2013 (F)]
24. Mention any two things which money cannot buy.
25. What is Public Distribution System?
26. What is Human Development Index?
27. What are the three components of human Development Index?
29. Mention any two parameters where Sri Lanka has scored over India in
HDI.
30. Define life expectancy. [CBSE 2013]
31. What is life expectancy in India?
32. What is Sustainable Development?
33. What are non-renewable resources? Give one example.
34. Name the region of world which has large crude oil reserves.
Answer: Middle East.
Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks)
1. (i) What is development? Mention any two features of development.
(ii) What is national income? [CBSE 2009 (D)]
(iii) What is per capita income? [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Or
Define the term, ‘average income.’ [CBSE 2008, 2009 (D)]
2. (f) State the criteria used to compare the different countries by the
Human Development Report published by the United National Development
Programme (UNDP).
(ii) Which is the new area of knowledge in which scientists, economists,
philosophers and other social scientists are working together?
(iii) What is meant by Human Development? [CBSE Sept. 2011, 2012]
(iv) What is Sustainable Development? [CBSE Comp. (D) 2008, 2009 (F),
Sept. 2011]
(v) Which organisation measures HDR? Mention any three major indicators
of / HDR. [CBSE Sept. 2012]
3. (i) Mention any two important aspects of our lives other than income.
[CBSE 2008 (D)]
(ii) How can we achieve our hopes and possibilities in the present world ?
[CBSE Comp. (D) 2008]
(iii) What is ‘Public Distribution System ’ (PDS) ? [CBSE Sept. 2011]
[CBSE2009 (F) Sept. 2010]
(iv) Mention two developmental goals of landless rural labourers. [CBSE
Comp. (O) 2008]
(iv) Why has Kerala a higher Human Development Index than Punjab in spite
of low per capita income? [CBSE 2009 (F) Sept. 2011]
Answer: (i) Health and Education.
(ii) Through Democratic political process.
(iii) It is a system through which the Government distributes ration to the poor at
a reasonable rate through the ration shops.
(iv) (a) More days of work and better wages.
(b) Quality education for the children.
(v) (a) Because it has low infant mortality rate, (b) It has higher literacy rate.
4. Mention any four characteristics of development. [CBSE Sept. 2010,
2011]
Answer: (i) Different people have different developmental goals.
(ii) What may be development for one may not be development for the other. It
may be destructive for the other.
(iii) Income is the most important component of development, but along with
income, people also seek equal treatment, good health, peace, literacy, etc.
(iu) For development, people look at mixed goals.
5. Describe any three features of developed country. [CBSE 2013, 14]
Answer: (i) As per the World Bank Report 2012 any country with per capita
income of US$ 12,276 per annum and above is termed as rich or developed
country. ‘
(ii) Such countries have high literacy rate.
(iii) Most of the people of these countries are engaged in service sector.
6. What is PCI? Where it is used?
Answer: PCI is Per Capita Income. It is calculated by dividing the National
Income of the country by population.
Uses:
(i) It is used to compare different countries.
(ii) The World Bank has divided the countries into rich or low income countries
on the basis of per Capita income.
7. What are the development goals of the following :
(i) Labourer (ii) Rich farmer (iii) Trader
Answer:
● more days of work better wages
● low price food grains
● cheap labour
● less taxes
● cheap labour
8. ‘What may be development for one may not be development for the
other.’ Explain by giving examples. [CBSE Sept. 2012]
Or
With the help of an example show two groups who may have different
notions of development. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
9. What is national development? What are the aspects covered under the
national development? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
10. What contributes to the human development?
11. What is the significance of Human Development Index? [CBSE 2013]
12. ‘Human development is the essence of social development.’ Explain.
13. ‘Money cannot buy all the goods and services that one needs to live
well.’ Explain. [CBSE 2010(0), Sept. 2013]
14. What are the limitations of the per capita income criteria of
development ? [CBSE 2014]
Or
What is Per Capita Income? Can it be regarded as the sole indicator of
economic development of a country? Give four valid arguments to support
your answer. [CBSE 2012]
15. “Average income is an important criterion for development.” Explain.
16. Besides income, what can be the other attributes to compare economic
development? [CBSE 2013, 14]
17. What is infant mortality rate ? Suggest two measures to keep the infant
mortality rate low. [CBSE 2013, 14]
Or
What is the meaning of ‘Infant Mortality Rate ’ (IMR) ? Give two main
reasons for low IMR in Kerala. [CBSE 2010]
18. Define the following terms:
(i) IMR (ii) Literacy Rate (iii) NAR [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
Long Answer Type Questions (5 Marks)
1. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different
countries? What are the limitations of this criterion? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
Explain the meaning of the term ‘Rich Countries’ and ‘Low Income
Countries’ according to the World Development Report of 2006. What is
India’s position in this respect? [CBSE 2013]
2. Compare India and Sri Lanka on the basis of any three indicators of the
Human Development Index for 2004. [CBSE 2009 (O), Sept. 2012]
3. Why are the countries of the Middle East not called ‘developed’ inspite of
high per capita income ?[CBSE Sept. 2010]
4. Highlight any three advantages of public facilities. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
5. Why are public facilities needed for the development of the country ?
Explain four public facilities. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2012]
6. Explain common, different and conflicting goals by giving appropriate
examples. [CBSE 2012]
7. Mention any four aspects of comparison notions of development
between different countries. [CBSE 2010, 14]
Or
Explain three attributes for comparing nations development between
different countries. [CBSE 2010]
Or
What are the two basic criteria used for comparing an underdeveloped
country with developed one ? [CBSE 2010]
Or
Give examples to prove that there are other important developmental goals
than income. [CBSE 2012]
8. How is BMI used to determine the undernourishment of a person ?
Explain. [CBSE 2013]
10. What is meant by ‘Overusing a Resource’ ? Explain with examples.
[CBSE 2013]
11. Explain the importance of sustainable development with reference to
groundwater by giving example. [CBSE 2013]
Or
What is meant by sustainable development? Explain it by taking the case
study of water. [CBSE 2011, 14]
12. “Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national
or state boundaries.” Justify the statement. [CBSE 2012, 14]
13. Explain the term ‘Development’. How is it linked with sustainability ?
Explain with example. [CBSE 2012, 14]
Answer: (i) Development is a process which has a notion of going further up and
improving the quality of life.
(ii) It is linked to sustainability since it has to be maintained for future
generations.
(iii) Resources need to be used wisely so that they can be replenished.
(iv) Overuse of resources exhaust them. For example, petroleum.
(v) If development is not sustainable, it will give rise to environmental
degradation and become a global problem.
Value Based Questions
1.‘The development goals that people have me not only about better
Income but also about other Important things in life.’ Explain. Mention any
two goals of a student.
Or ‘
‘For development people look at a mix of goals’. Support the statement with
suitable examples. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Or
Apart from income, which other six things people look for? [CBSE 2012]
Though income is one of the most important
Answer: components of development but there are
other important things, such as :
(i) People also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security and respect.
(ii) Women need safe and secure environment to take up a variety of jobs or run
a business.
(iii) People also need political rights.
(iv) People seek a pollution-free environment.
Students goal :
(i) Better Education.
(ii) Pollution free environment.
2. What do you mean by public facilities ? Why are they important ? Name
two public facilities available in India.
Answer: Public facilities are the essential facilities for the community at large
and are provided by the government.
Important :
They are important because there are many services like education, health,
transportation etc., which have become cheap and affordable if provided,
collectively.
Public facilities : Rail transport and – . government schools.
3. Why is literacy essential for the economic ‘ development ? Explain.
[CBSE Sept. 2010]
Answer: (i) Illiterate people are easily cheated and exploited by the traders,
shopkeepers and employers.
(ii) There is shortage of skilled workers in India, this shortage can be reduced
only through literacy.
(iii) Most of the illiterate people are engaged in primary and unorganised sector
so their earning is very low.
4. ‘Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that one
need’.
With reference to the given statement mention any four things which money
can not buy for an individual.
Answer: (i) Peace
(ii) Pollution free environment
(iii) Good health (iu) Freedom
5. The annual Per Capita Incomes of three countries are given below. Based
on the guidelines set by the World Bank Report (2012), classify these
countries as high income, low income or developing.
• Country A : US $ 5,000
• Country B : US $ 15,580
• Country C : US $ 12,280 [CBSE 2013]
Answer: (i) Country A with Per Capita Income of US $ 5,000 comes under Low
Income Countries.
(ii) Country B with Per Capita Income of US $ 15,580 lies in the category of High
Income Countries.
(iii) Country C with Per Capita Income of US $ 12,280 falls in the category of
Developing countries.
6. Think of any three developmental goals of a boy from a rich urban family.
Describe them. [CBSE 2013]
Answer: (i) He may think to get quality education and pursue his studies abroad.
(ii) He may require the availability of vocational education and training.
(iii) He may require capital to start his own business.
7. Apart from salary, what other goals can you have in mind while taking up
a new job? Explain. [CBSE 2013]
Answer: (i) Security
(ii) Working Environment
(iii) Opportunity to learn
(iv) Pollution from environment.
8. How do the women engaged in paid jobs fulfill mix of goals? Explain.
[CBSE 2014]
