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INDEX
NDEX
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 2
History Of Cricket ...................................................................................................................................... 2
History Of Cricket In India..................................................................................................................... 3
Various Formats Of Cricket ...................................................................................................................... 3
Test Cricket ............................................................................................................................................ 3
One-Day Internationals (Odis) ............................................................................................................... 4
T20 Cricket ............................................................................................................................................. 4
Cricket Field Position ................................................................................................................................. 4
Batting .................................................................................................................................................... 7
Bowling .................................................................................................................................................. 7
How Has Technology Changed The Game Of Cricket? ........................................................................ 8
Decision Review System ........................................................................................................................ 9
Women’s Cricket In India........................................................................................................................ 10
Status Of Indian Women’s Cricket Team ............................................................................................ 10
Women’s Premier League .................................................................................................................... 11
Ipl And Its Impact ..................................................................................................................................... 12
Status Of Betting In Indian Cricket ...................................................................................................... 13
Fantasy Sports Games In India ............................................................................................................... 14
Factors Behind Crickets Popularity In India ........................................................................................ 15
Changes In Cricket Over The Years ..................................................................................................... 15
Major Records In Cricket ..................................................................................................................... 16
Questionnaire ............................................................................................................................................ 17

[1]
 INTRODUCTION
• Cricket is a globally celebrated sport that originated in
England and has grown into a phenomenon uniting
millions across continents.
• Known for its strategic depth and thrilling gameplay,
cricket is played in various formats, from quick-paced
T20 matches to the classic five-day Test matches.
These formats cater to diverse audiences, from
traditionalists to those who prefer short, thrilling matches.
• The game is played between two teams of 11 players and features batting, bowling, and fielding. The
objective is to score more runs than the opponent within a specified number of overs or innings. These
formats cater to diverse audiences, from traditionalists to those who prefer short, thrilling matches.
• Cricket holds a unique place in Indian society, transcending boundaries of region, religion, and class.
Iconic players like Sachin Tendulkar, MS Dhoni, and Virat Kohli are revered as national heroes.
• The Indian Premier League (IPL), a franchise-based T20 tournament, has redefined cricket's
entertainment value, attracting global talent and massive viewership.

History of Cricket
• Origins: Cricket traces its origins to the 16th
century in southeast England, where it began as
a rural pastime for shepherds and villagers. By
the 17th century, it had evolved into an
organized sport, with the first documented
match played in 1697.
• Establishment of Laws: The Marylebone
Cricket Club (MCC) was founded in 1787 and
became the custodian of the Laws of Cricket.
These laws formalized the game's rules and
established the framework for its modern development.
• International Expansion: Cricket spread globally during British colonial rule in the 18th and 19th
centuries. Countries like India, Australia, South Africa, and the West Indies adopted the sport, making
it a key legacy of the British Empire.
• Test Cricket: The first-ever Test match was played between England and Australia in 1877 at the
Melbourne Cricket Ground. This marked the beginning of international cricket, which is considered
the pinnacle of the sport.
• Modern Formats and Globalization: Limited-overs cricket, including ODIs and T20s, emerged in
the latter half of the 20th century, revolutionizing the game. Global tournaments like the ICC World
Cup (introduced in 1975) and the IPL (founded in 2008) have popularized cricket across diverse
audiences worldwide.

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HISTORY OF CRICKET IN INDIA
• Introduction: Cricket was introduced to India
in the early 18th century by British sailors and
merchants. The first recorded cricket match in
India was played in 1721 near Cambay
(modern-day Khambhat, Gujarat) by British
expatriates.
• Pioneers in India: The Parsis were the first
Indian community to embrace cricket, forming
the Oriental Cricket Club in Bombay (Mumbai)
in 1848. They played their first match against a
European team in 1877, marking the beginning
of Indian participation in organized cricket.
• Formation of Regional Teams: By the late 19th century, cricket spread across India, leading to the
formation of regional teams such as the Bombay Presidency, Madras Presidency, and Calcutta Cricket
Club. The Ranji Trophy, India's premier domestic cricket tournament, was established in 1934.
• India’s International Debut: India played its first Test match in 1932 at Lord's Cricket Ground in
England under the captaincy of C.K. Nayudu. Though India lost the match, it marked the country's
entry into international cricket.
• Rise of Indian Cricket: Post-independence, Indian cricket gradually gained prominence, with the team
winning its first Test series in 1952 against Pakistan. India’s historic victory in the 1983 Cricket World
Cup under Kapil Dev was a turning point, inspiring a cricketing revolution.
• Modern Era: The establishment of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) and the advent
of the Indian Premier League in 2008 have made India a cricketing powerhouse. Iconic players like
Sunil Gavaskar, Sachin Tendulkar, and MS Dhoni have contributed to India's dominance in world
cricket, solidifying its status as a cricket-loving nation.

VARIOUS FORMATS OF CRICKET

Cricket has three main formats: Test, ODI, and T20. Each varies in duration, overs, and style, appealing to
diverse audiences.

Test Cricket
● Match Duration: Test matches can last up to five days, with 90 overs bowled per day. This format
allows teams ample time to strategize and adapt.
● Basics: Played in traditional white attire using a red ball, Test cricket reflects the sport’s classic roots.
● Significant Records and Rivalries: Historic records like Don Bradman’s batting average of 99.94 and
Sachin Tendulkar's highest run scored (15,921) define this format’s prestige.

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 One-Day Internationals (ODIs)
● Match Duration: Each team faces 50 overs, with
matches typically lasting around 8 hours. This format
balances strategy and action.
● Basics: ODIs are played in vibrant kits under floodlights
with a white ball, enhancing visibility and spectacle.
● Rules: Rules like fielding restrictions during
powerplays add tactical elements, while events like the
ICC World Cup make ODIs globally significant.

T20 Cricket
● Match Duration: Each team plays 20 overs, with matches lasting approximately 3 hours, making
it the fastest format.
● Gameplay: The short format demands explosive batting and innovative bowling, creating high-
scoring games with thrilling finishes.
● Attraction: Leagues like the IPL and Big Bash League have revolutionized cricket’s entertainment
value, attracting global audiences and top players.

CRICKET FIELD POSITION

The positions vary based on the game situation, bowler type, and captain’s strategy.

• Batting Side Positions

• Striker: The batsman facing the current delivery.
• Non-Striker: The batsman at the bowler's end, ready to
run.

• Wicket-Keeper: Positioned behind the stumps at the striker's

end to catch, stump, or prevent byes.
• Fielding Positions
o Close-in Fielders: Positioned near the batsman to
catch or stop quick shots:
o Slip(s): Positioned behind the batsman on the off-
side.
o Gully: Near the slip cordon, closer to the point.
o Short Leg: Close to the batsman on the leg side.

• Infield Positions: Generally closer to the pitch

o Point: On the off-side, square of the wicket.
o Mid-Off/Mid-On: Near the bowler on the off and leg sides.
o Cover: Positioned between point and mid-off.
o Square Leg: On the leg side, square of the batsman.

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• Outfield Positions: For stopping boundaries and long shots
o Long On/Long Off: Positioned deep near the straight boundaries.
o Deep Point: Far on the off-side.
o Deep Square Leg: Far on the leg side near the boundary.
o Third Man: Fine on the off-side near the boundary.

Major Field positions:

• Slip: Positioned next to the wicketkeeper on the off-side, the slip fieldsman is crucial for catching edges
off fast bowlers or spinners. The number of slips varies based on match conditions, with up to four or
more in place during aggressive bowling. Slips require quick reflexes and sharp catching skills.
• Point: Positioned square of the wicket on the off-side, point is critical for stopping cuts and drives.
Often deployed close to the batsman in Test matches for catching, or deeper in limited-overs cricket to
save boundaries, it demands athleticism and agility.
• Mid-On: Positioned straight of the bowler on the leg-side, mid-on supports bowlers by stopping
straight drives and quick singles. It also encourages batsmen to play risky aerial shots by keeping
fielders within the circle.
• Mid-Off: Positioned on the off-side, close to the bowler and straight of the batsman, mid-off is crucial
for intercepting drives and saving singles. This position also supports bowlers tactically by creating
pressure on batsmen attempting to play lofted shots.
• Square Leg: Positioned on the leg side, square to the batsman, this position is vital for intercepting
sweeps, pulls, and leg glances. In limited-overs cricket, a deep square leg is commonly used for
boundary protection.
• Long On: Located deep near the boundary on the leg side, long on is a defensive position used to save
runs from lofted drives and to catch aerial shots. It's frequently deployed in death overs of limited-overs
matches to control power hitters.

[5]
Fig.: Cricket field for a Right Handed Batter

[6]
BATTING
• Bats: Cricket bats are traditionally made from willow wood, which is known for its
lightweight yet durable properties. Bats vary in weight, size, and handle length,
tailored to a player's preference. Modern bats are designed to enhance power and
control.
• Shots: Batting involves a variety of shots, each requiring skill and precision:
o Defensive Shots: Played to block the ball and avoid getting out.
o Attacking Shots: Includes drives, cuts, pulls, and hooks aimed at scoring runs.
o Innovative Shots: Modern players often use reverse sweeps, ramp shots, and
switch hits to counter bowlers.
• Batting Gear: Protective gear ensures the batsman’s safety, including:
o Helmet: Protects the head from fast deliveries.
o Pads and Gloves: Guard legs and hands against injuries.
o Thigh Guards, Arm Guards, and Chest Guards: Provide additional safety
against short-pitched balls.
• Batting Stance: The stance is the batsman’s position before the bowler delivers the ball. A balanced
stance with knees slightly bent ensures stability and allows quick foot movement.
• Batting Techniques: Effective batting requires a combination of techniques:
o Timing: Striking the ball at the right moment for maximum impact.
o Footwork: Crucial for reaching and playing different types of deliveries effectively.
o Placement: Hitting the ball into gaps to score runs efficiently.
• Famous Cricketing Shots: Cricket features iconic shots that
showcase a batsman's skill and style, including:
o Cover Drive: A graceful stroke played through the cover
region, symbolizing elegance and precision.
o Pull Shot: A powerful hit to counter short-pitched balls,
often directed towards the leg side.
o Straight Drive: Played along the ground towards the
bowler, epitomizing balance and timing.
o Reverse Sweep: An innovative shot used to outsmart fielders by hitting in the opposite
direction of a regular sweep.
o Helicopter Shot: Popularized by MS Dhoni, it’s a unique flick designed to generate immense
power and loft.

BOWLING
• Bowling Types: Cricket features diverse bowling styles, such as:
o Fast Bowling: Focuses on speed, with bowlers like Mitchell Starc and Jasprit Bumrah
excelling in pace and swing.
o Spin Bowling: Relies on turning the ball, with variations like off-spin (Ravichandran
Ashwin) and leg-spin (Shane Warne).

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 o Medium Pace: Combines accuracy and subtle variations, exemplified
by bowlers like Bhuvneshwar Kumar.
• Bowling Techniques: Successful bowling involves mastering different
deliveries:
o Yorker: A pinpoint delivery aimed at the batsman’s toes, making it
hard to play.
o Bouncer: A short-pitched delivery rising towards the batsman’s chest
or head.
o Doosra/Googly: Spin variations designed to deceive the batsman.
• Bowling Strategies: Effective bowling demands tactical planning:
o Setting the Field: Aligning fielders to complement the delivery plan.
o Reading the Batsman: Observing the batsman’s movements to adjust line and length.
o Variation: Alternating speeds, lengths, and angles to unsettle the batsman.
• Bowling Gear: Bowlers use specialized shoes with spikes for grip and smooth delivery strides. Finger
and wrist protection are also common for spin bowlers to avoid injuries.
• Bowling Records: Iconic performances like Anil Kumble’s 10-wicket haul have left lasting
impressions on the cricketing world. Bowling achievements include milestones such as Muttiah
Muralitharan’s record of 800 Test wickets are celebrated for their excellence and rarity.

HOW HAS TECHNOLOGY CHANGED THE GAME OF CRICKET?

Each technological advancement in cricket is based on specific scientific principles. The game now utilises
tools and techniques from IoT (Internet of Things), ML (Machine Learning), AI (Artificial Intelligence),
infrared technology, and various other scientific disciplines to enhance accuracy in both playing and
viewing experiences.
Technological advancement in cricket
• Fergie's wagon wheel: An Australian clerk,
Fergie, introduced the wagon wheel to depict
a batter's scoring patterns. Over time, this
evolved into 3D graphics on TV screens,
offering deep insights into a batter's shot
versatility and field coverage.
• Snickometer-Ultraedge: Developed by
British computer scientist Allan Plaskett in
the 1990s, the Snickometer aids third
umpires in making critical decisions on
catches and LBW appeals. It detects the
sound of the ball hitting the bat, represented as a spike on a graph for precise analysis.
• Stump Mic & Camera: Two micro cameras are installed within the hollow stumps, capturing views
of both the front and back areas. These cameras are connected via underground wires to transmit data
to computers or broadcasters. They offer valuable insights into the quality of shots, batters' footwork,
and crucial moments like stumpings, run-outs, and close catches.
• Third Umpire (1992): The third umpire is an off-field umpire whose role is to assist on-field umpires
in the case of doubt. The third umpire has the leverage of various screen and replay tools that can help

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 on-field umpires pass a verdict more scientifically and practically. Sachin Tendulkar was the first victim
of the third umpire system who was declared run out by Karl Liebenberg.
• Hawk-Eye: The Ball Tracking System was developed in 2001 by British national Dr. Paul Hawkins
to make television broadcasting more interactive. Multiple cameras are placed under the stadium's roof
to capture the ball from different angles. Six cameras' videos are combined, and a three-dimensional
video is created.
• Ball Spin RPM(2013): Ball spin RPM gives an idea about bowling spin deliveries by spin bowlers. It
gives an idea of the spin or turn the ball makes before striking the bat. It gives an insight into the spin
quality of the spinners.

DECISION REVIEW SYSTEM

The Decision Review System (DRS) is a technology-driven
process used in cricket to assist umpires in making more
accurate decisions. It enables players to challenge on-field
umpiring decisions regarding LBW (Leg Before Wicket),
catches, and other dismissals. Teams are allowed a limited
number of reviews per inning.
• History: DRS was first officially introduced during a Test
match between Sri Lanka and India in 2008. The
concept evolved from earlier experiments with Hawk-Eye
and slow-motion replays. Over time, it has been refined
to include multiple tools, becoming a critical part of
modern cricket.
• Technology Used
o Hawk-Eye: Tracks the trajectory of the ball to
predict its path for LBW decisions.
o UltraEdge (Snickometer): Detects faint edges of the bat using sound waves.
o Ball-Tracking: Used to check if the ball would have hit the stumps.
o Real-Time Snicko (RTS): Enhanced technology for edge detection using audio-visual signals.
o Slow-Motion Replays: Assist in decisions related to close catches or boundary issues.

• Concerns
o Accuracy: While highly reliable, no system is 100%
foolproof, and occasional errors occur.
o Cost: Implementing DRS is expensive, making it
challenging for smaller cricket boards to adopt it
universally.
o Subjectivity: Decisions still involve human
interpretation, especially for "umpire's call" scenarios,
leading to debates.
o Access: Not uniformly used in all cricket matches,
raising questions about fairness and consistency.

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 WOMEN’S CRICKET IN INDIA
• Early History: Women’s cricket in India
began informally in the early 20th century.
The first recorded match took place in
1934, laying the foundation for organized
women’s cricket.
• Women’s Cricket Association: The
Women’s Cricket Association of India
(WCAI) was established in 1973 to
promote and organize women’s cricket
nationwide. This marked the official
recognition and development of the sport.
• First International Match: India’s women’s cricket team played its first Test match in 1976 against
the West Indies in Bangalore. This historic match marked India’s entry into the international women’s
cricket arena.
• World Cup: India participated in its first Women’s Cricket World Cup in 1978. Though the team
faced challenges in the early years, their resilience and skill helped them improve steadily in subsequent
tournaments.
• Major Achievements: The Indian women’s cricket team reached the World Cup final in 2005 and
2017, with the 2017 performance under Mithali Raj and Harmanpreet Kaur significantly boosting
the sport's popularity in India.
• Modern Era: The introduction of the Women’s Premier League (WPL) in 2023 and increased focus
by the BCCI have brought professionalism and greater visibility to women’s cricket in India. Players
like Smriti Mandhana, Harmanpreet Kaur, and Jhulan Goswami have inspired a new generation of
cricketers.

STATUS OF INDIAN WOMEN’S CRICKET TEAM

The Indian women's cricket team has made significant strides in recent years manifested in the ICC
Women's T20 World Cup held in Australia in 2020, there are several factors that have contributed to the
team not receiving as much recognition as its male counterpart
or other sports in India.
• Limited Exposure and Media Coverage: Women's
cricket in India has not received the same level of media
coverage as men's cricket. Limited exposure on television,
in newspapers, and on digital platforms has made it
difficult for the women's team to gain widespread
recognition and support.
• Societal Attitudes and Stereotypes: Deep-rooted societal
attitudes and stereotypes about gender roles in sports have also played a role. Traditionally, cricket has
been perceived as a male-dominated sport in India, and breaking these stereotypes takes time. However,
attitudes are gradually changing as women's cricket achieves more success.

[10]
• Comparisons with Men's Cricket: The constant comparison between men's and women's cricket can
be unfair and hinder the recognition of the women's game. Each has its unique qualities, challenges,
and strengths, and women's cricket should be appreciated on its own merits.
• Lack of Regular International Competitions: Women's cricket has historically had fewer
international competitions compared to men's cricket. Regular and high-profile tournaments are
essential for building interest and recognition. The ICC Women's World Cup and T20 World Cup have
certainly helped, but sustained competition is crucial.
• Limited Visibility at Domestic Level: The visibility of women's cricket at the domestic level has been
limited. Building a strong domestic structure is essential for nurturing talent and creating a pipeline of
players for the national team. Improved domestic competitions can contribute to the overall growth and
recognition of women's cricket.
• Historical Lack of Infrastructure and Support: Women's cricket in India has historically faced
challenges in terms of infrastructure, support, and investment. Unlike men's cricket, which has had
more resources and attention, women's cricket has had to overcome barriers to reach a competitive
level.
• Corporate Sponsorship: While there has been an increase in corporate sponsorship for women's sports
in India, it still lags behind men's cricket. Adequate financial support is crucial for the development and
sustained success of women's cricket.

WOMEN’S PREMIER LEAGUE

• Launch: The Women’s Premier League (WPL) was
inaugurated in 2023 by the BCCI, marking a significant
step forward for women’s cricket in India and globally.
• Franchise Structure: The WPL features five teams
representing major cities, with franchises owned by
prominent businesses. This model mirrors the IPL,
combining cricket with entertainment and fan
engagement.
• Boost to Women’s Cricket: The WPL provides a
platform for women cricketers to showcase their talent alongside international stars, creating
opportunities for young Indian players to learn and grow.
• Economic Impact: The inaugural auction saw record-breaking bids, with Smriti Mandhana becoming
the highest-paid player at ₹3.4 crore. The league has already begun to attract significant sponsorship
and viewership.
• 2024 Winners: In the 2024 Women's Premier League, Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB) clinched
their maiden title by defeating Delhi Capitals (DC) by eight wickets in the final. RCB's all-rounder
Ellyse Perry was the tournament's leading run-scorer (347 runs), earning the Orange Cap, while
Shreyanka Patil (RCB) secured the Purple Cap with 13 wickets.

[11]
 IPL AND ITS IMPACT
The Indian Premier League (IPL) was launched in 2008 by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI)
as a professional T20 cricket league. It combines cricket with entertainment, featuring franchise teams
owned by prominent personalities and businesses.
Year Winners
• Format: The IPL follows a round-robin format with playoffs,
culminating in a grand final. Each team consists of a mix of
international and domestic players, ensuring global appeal. 2008 Rajasthan Royals
• Franchises: Initially comprising eight teams, the IPL has 2009 Deccan Chargers
expanded over the years, with 10 teams participating as of 2010 Chennai Super Kings
2022. 2011 Chennai Super Kings
• Global Popularity: The IPL is one of the world’s richest 2012 Kolkata Knight Riders
cricket leagues, attracting top players and generating immense 2013 Mumbai Indians
revenue. Its matches are broadcast in over 100 countries, 2014 Kolkata Knight Riders
making it a global phenomenon. 2015 Mumbai Indians
2016 Sunrisers Hyderabad
Positive Impacts of IPL: 2017 Mumbai Indians
• Improvement of Skills: The young players of the Indian team 2018 Chennai Super Kings
can learn the best skills from them. The number of matches is 2019 Mumbai Indians
more in the IPL, so a player has more chances to learn how to 2020 Mumbai Indians
give the peak performance in critical situations. 2021 Chennai Super Kings
• Standard of Game: IPL has increased the popularity of 2022 Gujarat Titans
cricket. The numbers of spectators, sponsors, participants have 2023 Chennai Super Kings
increased and hence more opportunities to select better players 2024 Kolkata Knight Riders
for the International platform with help of raised
infrastructure. Eventually enhanced benchmark in cricket.
• Cross-country feeling: Players from different nations are playing together in a team. The respect for
the game and player will increase. The relationship between different players will improve. People
from different countries are cheering for a particular team.
• Livelihood and Economic Contribution:
o Players: The IPL provides a lucrative platform
for cricketers, both domestic and international, to
showcase their talent. Players receive substantial
contracts, and for many, it becomes a primary
source of income. This has positively affected the
livelihoods of many professional cricketers.
o Coaching and Support Staff: The league has
created job opportunities for coaches,
physiotherapists, fitness trainers, and other support staff associated with cricket teams.
o Local Businesses: The tournament contributes significantly to the local economy of the host
cities. It boosts tourism, hospitality, transportation, and various other sectors.

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• Globalization: The IPL has played a crucial role in globalizing cricket. With international players
participating, the league attracts a diverse global audience. Fans from different countries follow the
tournament, contributing to the globalization of the sport.

Negative Impact of IPL:

• Player Burnout: The intense schedule of the IPL, with frequent matches and travel, can lead to
physical and mental fatigue among players, increasing the risk of injuries and impacting their
performance in international cricket.
• Over-commercialization: The IPL's focus on glamour, endorsements, and entertainment sometimes
overshadows the spirit of cricket, prioritizing financial gains over the sport's traditional values.
• Betting and Corruption: The league has been associated with controversies like spot-fixing and illegal
betting, tarnishing its reputation and raising concerns about the integrity of the sport. during the 2013
IPL season, when players and team officials were implicated in a spot-fixing and betting controversy.
.
• Impact on Domestic Cricket: The IPL’s popularity can overshadow domestic tournaments like the
Ranji Trophy, potentially affecting the development and recognition of local talent in traditional
formats.

STATUS OF BETTING IN INDIAN CRICKET

The Indian cricket betting market is a thriving sector within the sports betting industry. It involves
predicting and wagering on cricket matches and events in India. The market has experienced significant
growth due to cricket's popularity in the country and the increasing acceptance of sports betting. The market
encompasses both offline and online platforms, offering various betting options and services to cricket
enthusiasts.

Market Drivers:
• Popularity of Cricket: Cricket is the most beloved sport in India, generating a massive fan base and
high engagement levels, which fuels the demand for cricket betting opportunities.
• Increasing Internet Penetration: The growing internet penetration across the country has facilitated
the rise of online cricket betting platforms, making it accessible to a wider audience.
• Mobile Revolution: The proliferation of smartphones and mobile applications has made it convenient
for users to place bets on cricket matches, leading to the rapid growth of mobile betting.
• Legalisation and Regulation: The recent shift toward the regulation and legislation of sports betting
in certain Indian states has boosted the market, providing a more secure and transparent betting
environment.

Current status:
• Betting and gambling are state subjects under the Constitution. The Law Commission of India (Chair:
Justice B.S. Chauhan) noted that while it is desirable to ban betting and gambling, it is difficult to
prevent these activities altogether. Therefore, it recommended regulating gambling and betting.
• The Commission recommended that gambling and betting should only be permitted by licensed
operators from India.

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• Parliament may also enact laws under Article 249 (in the national interest) or Article 252 (if two or
more states consent). With regard to online gambling and betting, it observed that Parliament has the
competence to enact a law.
• Further, any income derived from betting or gambling should be made taxable under the
Income Tax Act (IT Act), 1961, the Goods and Services Tax Act (GST), 2017, and other relevant
laws.
• Some states, like Sikkim and Goa, have legalised certain forms of gambling, while others strictly
prohibit it.

FANTASY SPORTS GAMES IN INDIA

• Popularity and Growth: Fantasy sports platforms like Dream11, My11Circle, and MPL have gained
immense popularity in India, driven by the nation's passion for cricket and the rise of internet
penetration. These platforms allow users to create virtual teams and earn points based on real-match
performances.
• Economic Impact: The fantasy sports industry in India has witnessed exponential growth, contributing
significantly to the digital economy. Platforms generate revenue through subscription fees, in-app
purchases, and advertisements while also creating job opportunities.
o Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): The sector attracted ₹15,000 crore in FDI by FY22, with
expectations to rise to ₹25,000 crore by FY27, underscoring its appeal to international
investors.
o Tax Contributions: Fantasy sports platforms have contributed approximately ₹4,500 crore in
taxes, a figure anticipated to escalate to ₹26,000 crore within the next five years, bolstering
public finances
o Revenue Growth: In the fiscal year 2023, the industry generated approximately ₹6,800 crore,
marking a 31% increase from the previous year. Projections indicate that revenues could reach
₹25,240 crore by FY27, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 33%.
• Regulatory and Ethical Concerns: Fantasy sports face scrutiny regarding their classification as skill-
based games or gambling. Concerns about addiction, financial risks, and lack of regulatory clarity pose
challenges for the industry’s sustainability and credibility.

[14]
FACTORS BEHIND CRICKETS POPULARITY IN INDIA
The popularity of cricket in India compared to other sports,
including hockey, can be attributed to several historical,
cultural, and structural factors. While hockey has a rich history
in India and was once the country's dominant sport, it has faced
challenges in maintaining the same level of popularity as cricket.
• Colonialism impact: Cricket was introduced to various
parts of the world through British colonial expansion, and it
became a lasting legacy of the British Empire. Also cricket
became associated with colonial institutions, including
schools, universities, and clubs played a crucial role in the
promotion and development of the sport in many parts of
India.
• Media Coverage and Visibility: While the hockey team's success is notable, media coverage may be
limited compared to cricket. Cricket matches, even domestic ones, often receive extensive coverage,
discussions, and analyses across various media platforms, contributing to the sport's continuous
visibility.
• Cultural Significance: Cricket has become deeply ingrained in the cultural fabric of India. The sport
is associated with national pride, and cricketing heroes are celebrated on a massive scale. This cultural
significance has made it challenging for other sports, including hockey, to compete for attention.
• Demographic Appeal: The shorter formats of Cricket such as One Day Internationals (ODIs) and
Twenty20 (T20), have added to its appeal among a wider demographic. The fast-paced and entertaining
nature of these formats has contributed to cricket's popularity, especially among the younger generation.
However, hockey does not get as much demographic appeal in comparison to Cricket.
• Corporate Sponsorship and Investments: Cricket has been successful in attracting corporate
sponsorships, endorsements, and investments. The Indian Premier League (IPL) is a highly lucrative
tournament, and the financial backing it receives has contributed to the overall commercial success of
cricket.

CHANGES IN CRICKET OVER THE YEARS

• Super Over: To resolve tied matches, the ICC
introduced the Super Over, where each team plays one
over to determine the winner. The 2019 ICC Cricket
World Cup final between England and New Zealand
was decided via a Super Over, creating a dramatic
conclusion.
• Concussion Substitutes: Players suffering head
injuries during a match can now be replaced by a like-
for-like substitute under ICC’s concussion protocols.
Marnus Labuschagne became the first concussion
substitute in Test cricket during the 2019 Ashes series.
• Free Hit for No-Balls: The rule awards a free hit for
overstepping during a no-ball, giving batsmen an opportunity to score without the fear of being

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 dismissed. Free hits have become game-changers in high-pressure T20 matches, often resulting in
crucial boundaries.
• Powerplay Adjustments: Specific fielding restrictions during Powerplays have evolved to balance the
contest between bat and ball, especially in limited-overs cricket. In T20s, the first six overs mandate
only two fielders outside the 30-yard circle.
• Timed Penalty for Slow Over Rates: To address delays, fielding teams failing to maintain over rates
now face in-match penalties, such as fewer fielders allowed outside the circle. During the IPL 2022
season, teams faced restrictions due to slow over rates, ensuring faster gameplay.
• Decision Review System (DRS): The DRS, introduced in 2008, enables players to challenge on-field
umpire decisions for LBW, caught-behind, and other dismissals using technologies like ball tracking
and UltraEdge.
• Mankading: Mankading, the act of a bowler running out the non-striker before delivering the ball,
remains a part of the laws of cricket. While it is a legal dismissal, its use has been debated regarding
the spirit of the game.
• Timed Out Rule: As per ICC rules, “after the fall of a wicket or the retirement of a batter, the incoming
batter must, unless Time has been called, be ready to receive the ball or for the other batter to be ready
to receive the next ball within 2 minutes of the dismissal or retirement. If this requirement is unmet, the
incoming batter will be out, Timed out. The rule of ‘timed out’ has never been used until now in
international cricket. It was never followed until Angelo Mathews became the first batter to get out in
this unusual way.

MAJOR RECORDS IN CRICKET

• Most Runs in ODIs: India’s Sachin Tendulkar
amassed 18,426 runs in his ODI career.
• Highest Individual Score in Tests: West
Indies’ Brian Lara scored an unbeaten 400 runs
against England in 2004.
• Highest Individual Score in ODIs: India’s
Rohit Sharma scored 264 runs against Sri Lanka
in 2014.
• Fastest Century in ODIs: South Africa’s AB de
Villiers smashed a century in just 31 balls against
the West Indies in 2015.
• Most Centuries in International Cricket: India’s Sachin Tendulkar holds the record with 100
international centuries.
• Youngest Player to Score a Test Century: Pakistan’s Mohammad Ashraful scored a Test century at
the age of 17 years and 61 days in 2001.
• Most Runs in Test Cricket: Sri Lanka’s Kumar Sangakkara scored 12,400 runs in his Test career.
• Most Runs in a Calendar Year (ODIs): India’s Virat Kohli scored 1,460 runs in 2017, the most in a
calendar year.
• Longest Career in International Cricket: India’s Sachin Tendulkar played for 24 years and 1 day
(1989-2013), the longest in cricket history.
• Most Wickets in Tests: Sri Lanka’s Muttiah Muralitharan holds the record with 800 Test wickets.

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• Most Ducks in International Cricket: Sri Lanka’s Muttiah Muralitharan registered 59 ducks, the
highest in international cricket.
• Fastest Fifty in T20 Internationals: India’s Yuvraj Singh scored a 50 in just 12 balls against England
in the 2007 ICC T20 World Cup.
• Fastest ODI Fifty: South Africa’s AB de Villiers smashed a 50 in just 16 balls against the West Indies
in 2015.
• First Hat-trick in T20 Internationals: Australia’s Brett Lee took the first-ever T20I hat-trick against
Bangladesh in 2007.
• Most Consecutive Wins in Tests: Australia won 16 consecutive Test matches twice (1999-2001 and
2005-2008).
• Highest Partnership in Tests: Sri Lanka’s Kumar Sangakkara and Mahela Jayawardene scored 624
runs against South Africa in 2006.
• Highest Team Total in Tests: Sri Lanka scored 952/6 declared against India in 1997.
• Oldest Player to Score a Test Century: England’s Jack Hobbs scored a Test century at the age of 46
years and 82 days in 1929.
• Most Matches Played in ODIs: India’s Sachin Tendulkar played a record 463 ODI matches.
• Ravi Shastri is the first cricketer to hit 6 sixes in an over against left-arm spinner Tilak Raj in the year
1985 in a Ranji Trophy match between Bombay and Baroda.
• Shoaib Akhtar bowled the fastest delivery in the history of cricket against England in the 2003 Cricket
World Cup, reaching 161.3km/h.
• The longest-recorded cricket match was played between England and South Africa in Durban. It is
also used for the timeless test. It lasted nearly 90 days and saw over 683 overs bowled.
• The first World Cup winner was the England women's team in 1973, two years before the first men's
cricket event.
• The first cricket World Cup, which was played by the men’s teams, was held in 1975. The West Indies
won the title, with Australia placing second.
• The cricket pitch is 20.12 meters (22 yards) in length and 3.05 meters (3.33 yards) in width. The length
of 22 yards is considered a chain, which was used as a standard of measurement for land during the
18th century.
• The cricket ball weighs 163 grams. Its core is made of cork, which is wrapped with several layers of
yarn. The outer casing is made of leather, which is then coated with lacquer.
• England is the first country to play 1,000 Test matches. They reached this milestone at Edgbaston in
Birmingham in August 2018 against India. England won the series 4-1.

QUESTIONNAIRE
1. Name two changes in present Indian cricket culture to make it win the World cup?
2. Can BCCI give up 25% of its revenue to support other sports? Will India win the world cup?
3. Name 3 pace bowlers for the world cup ?
4. What is the story behind the Ashes trophy?
5. Should politics interfere in the management of cricket?
6. Banning Pakistani Players to play cricket in India is a good step?

[17]
7. What is your view on women’s cricket? Who is the female cricketer who made a difference in the
women’s world cricket?
8. Regarding broadcasting rights of cricket. No matches on DD channel, what about poor people?
9. Is better talent being left out during the cricket team selection?
10. What are the zones for cricket at the national level?
11. Your hobby is to play and watch cricket? Playing is fine, don’t you think watching the game which is
already fixed is a waste of time?
12. What changes need to be there in the cricket body and anything you feel should be done to utilize it?
13. Do you watch the IPL? Is it helping improve Indian cricket? Don’t you think it is monopolizing cricket?
14. Should cricketers be allowed for advertising?
15. You are a sportsperson. The head of IOC has said that no sport except Cricket can survive in India
without government funds. Do you agree?
16. Have you heard of “Duckworth Lewis”? How it calculates a target for the team batting second?
17. The Indian cricket team is on a winning spree and people say it’s because of the captain, What do you
think?
18. Tell me whether a batsman can be stumped out on no ball?
19. How many no balls are allowed in the over?
20. Who won the recent IPL?
21. Name the Players involved in fixing scandal?
22. What is the Lodha committee? What are its recommendations?
23. What are the issues in the BCCI?
24. Why is cricket only famous that much and not other sports.?
25. Do you Play cricket? Batting or Bowling? So what is a Yorker?
26. What is chinamen Bowling? What law applies to bawling? What is in-swing and out-swing?
27. Tell me about field positions in cricket.
28. Should India and Pakistan play cricket?
29. Compare Tendulkar with Kohli? Choose one from them?
30. Do you think cricket is encroaching on other sports?
31. Why is cricket so famous? We were world champions in both Cricket and Hockey. So, why didn’t we
focus on Hockey? Why is it not famous?

[18]
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