🎨 PEDIGREE INHERITANCE IDENTIFIER – NEET
MASTER CHART
🟨 Autosomal Dominant
🔑 Key Features: - 🔸 Trait in every generation
- 🔸 Affected child has at least 1 affected parent
- 🔸 Equal male-female ratio
- 🔸 Direct vertical transmission
- 🔸 Either parent can transmit the trait to either sex
❌ Impossible Situations: - 🚫 Unaffected parents cannot have affected child
- 🚫 Trait cannot skip generations
- 🚫 Two unaffected parents never produce affected offspring
⚠️ Confusion Breakers: - 🧩 If it skips a generation, it’s not dominant
- 🧩 If only males are affected = likely not autosomal
- 🧩 Affected parent must pass to at least 50% of offspring if heterozygous
✔️ Confirming Clues: - ✅ Affected parent always has at least one affected child
- ✅ Both sons and daughters affected equally
- ✅ Trait persists vertically down pedigree
🟩 Autosomal Recessive
🔑 Key Features: - 🔹 Trait skips generations
- 🔹 Affected child from unaffected (carrier) parents
- 🔹 Equal male-female ratio
- 🔹 Horizontal pattern possible (siblings affected)
❌ Impossible Situations: - 🚫 Two affected parents can’t have all normal children
- 🚫 Affected individuals without at least carrier parents
- 🚫 Trait showing up in every generation (unless inbreeding)
⚠️ Confusion Breakers: - 🧩 If daughter is affected but both parents are normal → think autosomal
recessive
- 🧩 Don’t confuse with X-linked recessive unless males >> females
- 🧩 Affected child always has parents who are at least carriers
✔️ Confirming Clues: - ✅ Unaffected parents → affected offspring
- ✅ Trait appears among siblings, not across generations
- ✅ Both sexes equally affected
1
🟪 X-linked Dominant
🔑 Key Features: - 🔸 All daughters of affected father are affected
- 🔸 Affected females (heterozygotes) can pass to sons/daughters (50%)
- 🔸 More females affected
- 🔸 Never skips generation
❌ Impossible Situations: - 🚫 Affected male can’t have unaffected daughters
- 🚫 Affected father can’t pass to son
- 🚫 Affected daughters from unaffected father is not possible
⚠️ Confusion Breakers: - 🧩 Key pattern: father → daughters only
- 🧩 Males are more severely affected, but females appear more often
- 🧩 Trait doesn't skip a generation
✔️ Confirming Clues: - ✅ Affected father → 100% daughters affected
- ✅ Affected mother → 50% children affected (any gender)
- ✅ No male-to-male transmission
🟥 X-linked Recessive
🔑 Key Features: - 🔹 Mostly males affected
- 🔹 Trait skips generations
- 🔹 Carrier mother → affected sons
- 🔹 No father-son transmission
❌ Impossible Situations: - 🚫 Affected father can’t pass to son
- 🚫 Female affected without affected or carrier mother is not possible
- 🚫 Trait showing up in daughters without affected father or carrier mother
⚠️ Confusion Breakers: - 🧩 If only males are affected in a pedigree = think X-linked recessive
- 🧩 If daughter is affected = both X must be mutant → rare
- 🧩 Skips generations and reappears in male grandchildren
✔️ Confirming Clues: - ✅ Affected mother → all sons affected
- ✅ Carrier mother → 50% sons affected
- ✅ Trait never passed from father to son
- ✅ Female affected only if father is affected AND mother is at least a carrier
2
⬛ Y-linked (Holandric)
🔑 Key Features: - 🔸 Only males affected
- 🔸 Father to all sons
- 🔸 Seen in every generation
❌ Impossible Situations: - 🚫 No female can ever be affected
- 🚫 No female can be a carrier
- 🚫 Not passed to daughters
- 🚫 Affected son from unaffected father is impossible
⚠️ Confusion Breakers: - 🧩 If even one female is affected = instantly not Y-linked
- 🧩 Extremely rare in NEET, can usually be ignored
- 🧩 Trait always flows from father to all sons
✔️ Confirming Clues: - ✅ 100% male-to-male transmission
- ✅ Trait appears in every generation without skipping
- ✅ No female affected ever
🧠 GOLDEN SHORTCUTS TO IDENTIFY
INHERITANCE IN NEET
🎯 Clue in Pedigree 🔍 Most Likely Inheritance
Trait in every generation Dominant
Trait skips generation Recessive
Only males affected X-linked recessive or Y-linked
Affected father → all daughters X-linked dominant
Affected father → all sons Y-linked
Unaffected parents → affected child Recessive
Equal male & female ratio Autosomal
Affected daughter + normal father Not X-linked recessive
Affected son + affected father Not X-linked
Trait confined to males only Y-linked
3
❗️ CONFUSION BREAKERS (Your Trap Busters)
🔍 Situation 🧠 What it Tells You
Affected son from normal parents X-linked recessive or autosomal recessive
All daughters of affected father are affected X-linked dominant
Affected son + affected father Not X-linked (must be autosomal)
Affected female + normal male → affected
Not recessive (must be dominant)
daughter
One generation skipped completely Not dominant inheritance
Not X-linked dominant, likely autosomal
Female is affected, but neither parent is
recessive
Male child affected, female sibling normal Possibly X-linked recessive
Affected male has no affected sons Could be X-linked or Y-linked
