FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE

Taken from my IPEP material:

1. "This is music for carriages": emotional (or expressive)

2. 'Let's go! It's getting very late' : conative (or apelative)

3. "Will you come with me to the park tomorrow?": conative

4. No smoking: conative

In April, a thousand waters: poetic

6. Greetings, farewells, and expressions of courtesy: phatic (or contact)

7. Water boils at 100°C: reference

8. "Antonio, prepare the coffee": conative

9. "Hello? Is anyone there?" : phatic

10. "Yes, yes, I understand you..." : phatic

11. The verb to have is written with hyb: metalanguage

12.12. Dictionaries: Metalanguage

13. The biology books: referential

14. "You have me fed up" : emotional

15. "Nouns are the words that designate things, people, animals, plants, or concepts."
metalinguistic

On Thursday afternoons, I go to play with my neighbor's console.

17. "Now means at this very moment": metalinguistic

18. "Sole, are you listening to me?" : phatic

19. "Antonio Machado was born in Seville in the last third of the 19th century": referential

20. 'Make the bed, please': conative

TAKEN FROM MY OPPOSITION MATERIAL:

1) What language function predominates in the following sentences? Explain why. In sentence a),
j), y n) two answers could be given. Why?

a) Lisbon is the capital of Portugal: REPRESENTATIVE (because the sender is limited to informing, using
He reads a book.

b) I'm tired of waiting! :EXPRESSIVE (the speaker expresses their tiredness, using a sentence.
exclamatory and the 1st person of the verb

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c) When the mental and chronological age coincide, the IQ is one hundred:
REPRESENTATIVE (it refers to objective facts, as the indicative mood is used, the sentence
enunciative and the 3rd person

e) How much do these shoes cost! :EXPRESSIVE (the speaker expresses their surprise, using the sentence
exclamatory

f) The sun was like the fireball that unleashed its wrath upon us: POETIC (it is transmitted in a way
beautifying the message, using a comparison)

I'm about to climb the walls: EXPRESSIVE (the sender expresses their joy, using the 1st person)
person

h) Listen, please: APPEALING (the sender asks for the recipient's collaboration, using an interjection)
appealing

What a boring movie!

j) My soul is an empty carousel in the twilight of the evening: POETIC (information is transmitted
beautifying it with a metaphor) and EXPRESSIVE (the sender expresses to us their melancholy, their loneliness, when
rate your mood

k) Picasso painted Guernica in 1937: REPRESENTATIVE (it is a real and objective fact,
transmitted in a declarative sentence, in indicative mode and in 3rd person

l) Keep moving! :APPEAL (the sender asks the receivers to perform an action, using the
imperative mood

m) Do you hear me? :PHATIC (the sender intends to know if the receiver is paying attention to their words)

n) The English word "girl" means "chica" in Spanish: REPRESENTATIVE (the sender informs us about the
meaning of a word) and METALINGUISTICS (it is about a definition)

2) Identify the predominant function in the following messages:

Good morning. How did you sleep? =FACTORIAL AND EXPRESSIVE

b) I am very sorry for what I said to you =EXPRESSIVE

c) It is already a bit cold at night =REPRESENTATIVE

d) All esdrújulas carry an accent = METALINGUISTICS

Lovely little doll, with golden hair, pearl teeth, coral lips = POETIC

Neither me nor my friends liked the movie = EXPRESSIVE AND REPRESENTATIVE

What a disgrace for me!

h) Fidalgo and hidalgo mean the same: son of something = METALINGUISTICS

i) Don't interrupt again with stupid questions = APELATIVA AND EXPRESSIVE

If you look at her, her eyes light up like rainbows in the sea = POETIC

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k) Okay, good. Alright = FATİC

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1. Función emotiva o expresiva:- ¡Ay! ¡Qué dolor de cabeza! / - ¡Qué gusto de verte! /- ¡Qué rico el postre!

2. Conative or appellative function: - Pedro, please bring more coffee / - Did you bring the letter? / - Andrés, close the door.
window, please

3. Función referencial: - El hombre es animal racional /- La fórmula del Ozono es O3- It's not cold / - The classes
they are suspended until the third hour

4. Metalanguage function: - Pedrito doesn't know many words and he asks his dad: What does the word mean?
"scoundrel"? /- Ana meets a friend and asks her: Sara, which surgical operation are you referring to?

5. Phatic function: It consists of starting, interrupting, continuing, or concluding communication. For this purpose, there are
Fórmulas de Saludo (Buenos días, ¡Hola!, ¿Cómo estai?, ¿Qui ´hubo?, etc), Fórmulas de Despedida (Adiós, Hasta
then, See you, Have a good time, etc.) and formulas used to interrupt a conversation and then
continue it (Sorry....., Wait a moment..., As I was saying..., We were talking about..., etc).

6. Función poética:-“Bien vestido, bien recibido” /-“Casa Zabala, la que al vender, regala”

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1) Referencial :El avión despegará a las seis / La película dura dos horas / Yo nací en Málaga / Son las
six.

2) Expressive: I want to go to the theater this weekend / The show was indecent / I think that should
change apartments
prettier!

3) Apelativa :¿Quieres salir conmigo? / ¡Esther, abre ese archivo! / ¡Te he dicho que te calles! / ¡Vete! /
Hey, you! / It's three o'clock. I'm hungry / My dear, the shirts are unpressed.

"The" is an article

5) Fática :¿Sí? ¿Me oyes? / ¿Eh? No te oigo, habla más alto / Buenos días

Green, how I love you green / From the room in the dark corner... / I'm in over my head...

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1) How long will it take you to finish the work? : APELATIVA

2) In a communicative process aimed at expressing the feelings of the sender, the linguistic function
the predominant one is the so-called: EXPRESSIVE

3) What function of language predominates in the expression: Please show me your identity card?
APPEALING

4) Factor of communication constituted by the system of signs, through which the message is transmitted.
Which element of the communicative situation corresponds to the definition? : CODE

5) What function of language predominates in the expression: I'm dying of sorrow if you leave!: EXPRESSIVE

In the context of a conversation, the intervention aimed at clarifying the meaning of a word.
used in the communicative process, fulfills what is called: METALINGUISTICS

A companion tells another before a test: 'I only know that I know nothing.' What function of language
What predominates in his intervention? : POETICS

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8) If a phone communication fails due to transmission or reception signal problems, it is correct to state
The problems stem from the sender;
d) There are problems with the code; e) The problems lie with the receiver.

9) What function of language predominates in the statement: One, two, testing, testing, can you hear me? One,
two, testing... FATIGUED

10) What function of language predominates in the expression: Join and win!: APELTIVE

11) In an attempt to know if the channel through which we communicate remains open and available for sending
of the message, the linguistic function known as: PHATIC predominates.

12) What function of language predominates in the statement: I can't stand this situation any longer! : EXPRESSIVE

In a communicative process, everything expressed by the sender, received and decoded by the receiver,
corresponds to: MESSAGE

FIRST YEAR BACH EXAM OF PABLO NERUDA:

Indicate the function of language present in each of the following 10 statements (2.5 points). Note: a)
Only cite ONE function in each case. 2) Each correct answer will count for +0.25, each error will be penalized with -0.1 and if
it is left blank neither addition nor subtraction.

The waves are caresses of the sea = POETIC OR AESTHETIC

1.2) The grammatical sentence is always a bimember sentence. It consists of two members: Subject and Predicate.
METALINGUISTICS

If you want to save, at Burger King you must buy = POETIC-APPEALING

1.4) "It's so cold, I'm freezing!" = EXPRESSIVE OR EMOTIVE

1.5) The waves are undulations of the sea =REPRESENTATIVE

1.6) "Can you pass me the jam?" = APELATIVE, CONATIVE OR DIRECTIVE

1.7) A toast = FATUITY OR CONTACT

1.8) Talking in an elevator of time with a person you do not know = FATIC OR CONTACT

1.9) The anthem of Real Madrid at the Bernabéu stadium before the start of the match = FATICA-EXPRESSIVE

I suggest that you study more for the next Language exam = APELATIVA