Physics Project
To Investigate the Relation Between the Ratio of (i) Output and Input Voltage and
(ii) Number of Turns in the Secondary Coil of a Self-Designed Transformer
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Physics teacher [Teacher's
Name] for their valuable guidance and support in the completion of this project. I
also thank my school for providing me with the opportunity and facilities to work
on this project.
Certificate
This is to certify that [Your Name], a student of Class 12, has successfully
completed the Physics project titled "To Investigate the Relation Between the
Ratio of Output and Input Voltage and Number of Turns in the Secondary Coil of
a Self-Designed Transformer" under the guidance of [Teacher's Name] during
the academic session 2024-25.
Signature of Teacher
Date:
School Stamp
Objective
To investigate how the ratio of output to input voltage in a transformer is related
to the number of turns in the secondary coil, using a self-designed step-up or
step-down transformer.
Introduction
A transformer is an electrical device used to change the voltage of alternating
current (AC). It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. This project
investigates the core relationship: V_s / V_p = N_s / N_p.
Principle
This project is based on Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction, which
states: "The induced EMF in a coil is directly proportional to the rate of change of
magnetic flux linkage."
Apparatus Required
Insulated copper wire
Iron nail or laminated iron core
AC power source (6V or 12V adapter)
Multimeter or Voltmeter
Switch
Wooden base
Connecting wires
Self-designed transformer setup
Theory
The transformer equation is: V_s / V_p = N_s / N_p. This implies:
- If N_s > N_p, then V_s > V_p: Step-up Transformer
- If N_s < N_p, then V_s < V_p: Step-down Transformer
Procedure
1. Set up the transformer with equal number of turns in both coils.
2. Change the number of turns in the secondary coil.
3. Repeat the experiment for different N_s while keeping N_p constant.
4. Record readings of V_p and V_s.
Observation Table
N_p N_s V_p V_s V_s / V_p N_s / N_p
100 100 6V 6V 1 1
100 200 6V 12V 2 2
100 50 6V 3V 0.5 0.5
Result
The experiment confirms that V_s / V_p = N_s / N_p. Thus, output voltage is
directly proportional to number of turns in the secondary coil.
Precautions
Use low voltage AC source.
Ensure proper insulation.
Avoid short circuits.
Handle instruments carefully.
Conclusion
The project successfully demonstrates that the voltage ratio in a transformer is
equal to the turns ratio.
Bibliography
- NCERT Physics Textbook Class 12
- Practical Physics Lab Manual
- https://physics.info/transformers
