Department of Mathematics, IIT Guwahati

MA 522: Linear Algebra

Tutorial Sheet- II
July-November 2025

1. Let V be the set of all vectors of the form (x1 , x2 , x3 ) in R3 satisfying

x1 − 3x2 − 2x3 = 0

−x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 0

2x1 + 4x2 + 6x3 = 0

Show that V is a subspace of R3 , then find the dimension and a basis for V .

2. Let U = {v ∈ R5 | x1 +x3 +x4 = 0, 2x1 +2x2 +x5 = 0} and W = {v ∈ R5 | x1 +x5 = 0, x2 = x3 = x4 }.

Find a basis for U ∩ W , and extend it to a basis of U and a basis of W . Then find a basis of U + W .

3. Let v1 , . . . , vn be a basis of Rn . Which of the following are also bases?

(i) v1 + v2 , v2 + v3 , . . . , vn−1 + vn , vn ;
(ii) v1 + v2 , v2 + v3 , . . . , vn−1 + vn , vn + v1 ;
(iii) v1 − v2 , v2 − v3 , . . . , vn−1 − vn , vn − v1 ;

4. (Steinitz Exchange Lemma) Let U = {u1 , u2 , . . . , uk } be a linearly independent set and B =

{v1 , v2 , . . . , vn } be a basis in a vector space V . Show that there exist indices i1 , i2 , . . . , ik ∈
{1, . . . , n} such that if we delete each vij from B and replace it by uj , the resulting set is still a
basis of V .

5. Find a basis for the (i) row space, (ii) column space and (iii) null space of the following matrices:
   
3 −2 −1 −2 4 7 3
   
(i) 
 2 −4 −6 
 (ii) 
 −3 6 10 .
1 
1 −3 −5 1 2 −3 −2

Verify that row rank and column ranks are equal, and rank+nullity=the number of columns.

6. In the following examples,

(i) find the co-ordinate vectors [v]B and [v]C with respect to the given bases B and C
(ii) Find the change-of-basis matrix PC←B from B to C, and then find PB←C .
(iii) Use the answer in (ii) to compute [v]C from [v]B and [v]B from [v]C . Compare with answer in (i).

(a) V = R3 , v = [1 0 −1]t ; B = {[1 0 0]t , [0 1 0]t , [0 0 1]t }; C = {[1 1 1]t , [1 1 0]t , [1 0 1]t }.

(b) V = P2 (R), v = 1 + x2 , B = {1, x, x2 }, C = {1 + x + x2 , x + x2 , x2 }.

7. If B and C are bases for R3 such that the change-of-basis matrix from B to C is
       
1 2 3 ( 1 1 1 )

. If C =  0  ,  2  ,  1  , find B.
       
PC←B =   0 4 5       

0 0 6 −1 0 1
 8. Find out which of the following maps are linear

(i) T : R2 −→ R3 , [x y]t 7→ [x + y x − 25y xy]t .

(ii) T : R2 −→ R2 , [x y]t 7→ [x + y x − y + 1]t .

9. Let T : R2 −→ P2 (R) be a linear map for which T ([1 − 1]t ) = 1 + 2x + x2 and T ([1 0]t ) = 3 + 4x2 .
Find T ([3 2]t ) and T ([a b]t ).

10. Show that there is no linear transformation T : R3 −→ P2 (R) for which

T ([2 − 1 0]t ) = 1 + 2x + x2 , T ([3 0 − 2]t ) = 1 − x2 , T ([0 3 − 4]t ) = 2x + 3x2 .

11. Show that a linear map T : V −→ W is uniquely determined by its values on the elements of a basis
of V .

12. If α and β are linear maps from V to W show that α + β is also a linear map. Give counterexamples
to the following statements:
(i) Im(α + β) = Im(α) + Im(β) (ii) ker(α + β) = ker(α) ∩ ker(β).
Show that the these equalities can be replaced by valid inclusion of one side in the other.

13. Find the matrix [S], [T ] and [S ◦ T ] with respect to the standard bases and then verify that [S ◦ T ] =
[S][T ], where

T : R2 −→ P2 (R), [a b]t 7→ a + (a − b)x + bx2 , S : P2 −→ P1 , a + bx + cx2 7→ (3a + 2b + c) + (a + b)x.

14. In each of the following, find the matrix of T with respect to the standard bases. Is the matrix
invertible? If so, find the inverse matrix and hence the inverse linear map of T .
(i) T : R2 −→ P1 (R), [a b]t 7→ a + (a − b)x.

(ii) D : SpanR (ex , xex , x2 ex ) −→ W where D is the differential operator.

15. Let V, W be two vector spaces over R, and T : V −→ W be a linear map. Let w1 , . . . , wn be
linearly independent vectors in W , and let v1 , . . . , vn be vectors in V such that T (vi ) = wi . Show
that v1 , . . . , vn are linearly independent.

16. Let V and W be two vector spaces over a field F of same dimension. Let T : V −→ W be a linear
map. Show that T is injective if and only if T is surjective.

17. Let V be a vector space over a field F and T : V −→ V be a linear map such that T r = 0. Show that
the linear map (1 − T ) is an isomorphism.

18. Let T : V −→ V be an operator and v ∈ V is a vector such that T k−1 (v) 6= 0 but T k (v) = 0 for some
positive integer k. Show that the set {v, T v, T 2 v, . . . , T k−1 (v)} is linearly independent.

19. Find the rank and nullity of the following linear maps:
(i) T : P3 (R) −→ R2 , T (a + bx + cx2 + dx3 ) = [a b − a c − a + b]t
(ii) Let M22 (R) denotes the vector space of all 2 × 2 matrices with real entries under matrix ad-
dition  ! multiplication by elements of R. Let T : M22 (R) −→ R be the trace map, i.e.,
 and scalar
a b
T   = a + d.
c d

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