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Grade 11
Answer Key

Practice
Grammar

Answer Key i
 MODULE 1
PARTS OF SPEECH
Nouns 3. enslaved African
Puritan leader
EXERCISE 1
4. traditional method
1. COMM; COMP 11. PROP western Africa
2. COMM 12. COMM 5. small amount
3. PROP; COMP 13. COMM; COLL infected patient
4. COMM 14. PROP person’s arm
5. PROP 15. COMM 6. simple procedure
6. PROP; COMP 16. COMM; COMP serious symptoms
7. COMM 17. COMM 7. fellow Bostonians
8. COMM 18. COMM; COMP effective measure
9. COMM; COMP 19. PROP; COMP 8. terrible outbreak
10. COMM 20. COMM; coll.
inoculation procedure
9. immediate credit
EXERCISE 2 tremendous contribution
1. C; C 9. A; C 10. true story
2. A; A 10. C; C ingenious procedure
3. C; A 11. C; A
4. A; C 12. C; C EXERCISE 6
5. C; C 13. C; C (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
6. C; C 14. A; C 1. Scott gave a woodcarving book to his retired father.
7. A; A 15. A; A 2. Tanisha donated used toys and antique tools for the
8. C; C fundraising sale.
3. Marian packed a hot lunch for the Arbor Day picnic.
4. The tired athlete ran across the muddy field.
Pronouns 5. The Samurai warrior fought the ferocious animal and
rescued the terrified child.
EXERCISE 3
6. Which history book have you chosen for your French
1. Those 10. neither
2. you 11. Anything; we; report?
7. For many days, the dedicated woman made her flower
3. few our; our
4. who 12. it; themselves baskets.
5. himself 13. My; that; much; my 8. During the day, we washed filthy cars and raked the
6. Everyone 14. you; it; I; you; it; bronze and golden leaves.
7. that yourself 9. The wise children gave appropriate gifts to their new
8. This 15. Which friends at the get-acquainted party.
9. mine 10. Rosa painted a stunning picture of the lush meadow for
her favorite relatives.
EXERCISE 4
pronoun antecedent
1. they pictures Verbs
2. Many paintings
EXERCISE 7
3. Each scenes
1. treated–T 6. are racing–I
4. she; her Grandma Moses
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2. streamed–T 7. did leave–I

5. They memories
6. Several paintings 3. skate–I 8. speaks–I
7. Some people (sentence 6) 4. is calling–T 9. drove–I
8. herself Grandma Moses 5. have grown–T 10. named–T
9. She; she Grandma Moses (sentence 8)
them lessons EXERCISE 8
verb phrase helping verbs
10. her; she Grandma Moses
1. are starting are
2. have been studying have been
Adjectives 3. Did give Did
4. must have been must have been
EXERCISE 5 hoping
adjectives words modified 5. have dropped have
1. serious disease 6. might go might
high fever 7. Does watch Does
crusty rash 8. would like would
2. contagious disease 9. should have seen should have
many deaths 10. must have lost must have

Answer Key 1
 Adverbs 8. ADV; ADJ happy; award
9. ADV; ADJ arrived; booth
EXERCISE 9 10. ADV; ADJ brought up; issues
adverb word modified
11. ADV; ADJ helps; roots
1. nearly empty; ADJ 12. ADV; ADJ did know; woman
2. frequently visit; V 13. ADJ; ADV soup; delicious
3. Suddenly dimmed; V
14. ADV; ADJ Does contain; value
4. never found; V
5. surprisingly quickly; ADV 15. ADJ; ADV bus; arrives
quickly finished; V 16. ADV; ADJ do watch; news
6. thoroughly happy; ADJ 17. ADV; ADJ firm; senators
7. well Did play; V 18. ADV; ADJ can be; form
8. slowly Turn; V 19. ADV; ADJ understand; point of view
9. rarely are caught; V 20. ADV; ADJ visited; hotel
10. slightly uneven; ADJ
11. quite soon; ADV
soon will have; V Prepositions
12. gently rolling; ADJ
13. here can put; V EXERCISE 11
14. ever Did meet; V preposition object
15. really great; ADJ 1. in New Jersey
2. In addition to job
EXERCISE 10 3. for Super Middleweight Championship
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.) 4. In; in match; 1993
1. soon 9. here 5. in decision
2. quickly 10. often 6. at post office
3. usually 11. extremely 7. Because of interests
4. nearby 12. there 8. for Tony
5. hardly 13. never 9. because of boxing
6. terrifically 14. Very 10. instead of; after resting; match
7. poorly 15. Happily
8. shortly EXERCISE 12
(Answers will vary. Students will have fulfilled the
assignment if their work contains 10 descriptive sentences
Review Exercise 1 using 10 prepositional phrases, at least three of them
compound prepositions.)
A.
part of speech
1. P; ADJ Conjunctions and Interjections
2. N; N
3. N; ADJ EXERCISE 13
4. ADJ; N conjunction classification
5. N; N 1. Until SUB
6. P; ADJ 2. before SUB
7. P; ADJ 3. When SUB
8. ADJ; N 4. and COO
9. P; N 5. both. . . and COR
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10. P; ADJ 6. where SUB

7. and COO
B. 8. Not only. . . but also COR
1. LV 6. AV, T 9. yet COO
2. LV 7. LV 10. while SUB
3. AV, T 8. AV, T
4. AV, I 9. AV, I EXERCISE 14
5. AV, I 10. LV (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
1. Ouch! That hurt!
C. 2. Help! I can’t hold these heavy packages much longer!
part of speech word(s) modified
3. Well, let me know what you decide.
1. ADJ; ADV advertisements; appear 4. Yes, I would like more salad, please.
2. ADV; ADJ ended; way 5. Oh, I didn’t know that.
3. ADV; ADJ thoughtful; letter 6. Wow! We won the game!
4. ADV; ADJ saw; bear 7. Cool, we’ll order pizza.
5. ADV; ADJ have; athlete 8. Whew! It’s hot in here!
6. ADJ; ADV project; finished 9. Ah, what a beautiful sunset that is.
10. Ugh! The jays are eating worms and beetles!
7. ADV; ADJ had begun; gentleman

Answer Key 2
 Determining Parts of Speech Module Review
EXERCISE 15 A.
1. V; ADJ 9. N; V word part of speech word modified
2. ADV; CONJ 10. P; V 1. His P
3. P; N 11. ADJ; ADJ
formerly ADV enslaved
4. ADV; N 12. PREP; N
2. belts N
5. ADJ; P 13. CONJ; ADV; V
sewing ADJ machines
6. INT; P 14. P; ADJ
3. fireproof ADJ hood
7. PREP; N 15. CONJ; PREP
fresh ADJ air
8. P; ADV
4. This ADJ hood
which P
5. traffic ADJ light
Review Exercise 2
A. B.
1. ADJ; N 9. ADV; CONJ 1. ADJ 6. PREP 11. INT
2. ADJ; N 10. CONJ 2. P 7. PREP 12. ADJ
3. INT; ADV 11. P; V 3. PREP 8. ADJ 13. N
4. P; N 12. ADJ; CONJ 4. ADJ 9. CONJ 14. ADJ
5. PREP; P 13. ADJ; ADJ 5. V 10. ADV 15. ADV
6. ADJ;N 14. V; PREP
7. P; ADV 15. V; PREP C.
8. ADJ; ADJ (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given. Students
will have fulfilled the assignment if sentences follow the
B. guidelines provided.)
(Answers will vary. Students will have fulfilled the 1. Some students have finished the test.
assignment if their paragraphs contain at least one use of 2. I’ve never seen so many birds.
each of the eight parts of speech.) 3. Silk is very soft to the touch.
4. Where is the museum?
5. I don’t know where I left my coat.
6. A flowering bush stood by the back door.
7. Please leave your muddy shoes outside.
8. Because of rain, the game was delayed.
9. Either Martha or Kathy will be tonight’s soloist.
10. Oh, do you really think so?
11. These apples taste sweet.
12. We might visit Uncle Aaron tomorrow.
13. Leaves cover the ground.
14. The cover for this book is unusual.
15. I wanted to go, but I didn’t have time.
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Answer Key 3
 MODULE 2
THE SENTENCE
Subjects and Predicates EXERCISE 4
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
EXERCISE 1 1. After cleaning the garage, Lucas played basketball, ate
complete subject simple subject dinner, and studied for his exam.
1. The energetic kitten kitten 2. Mosi, Eric, and Julio enjoy playing chess.
2. My lab partner partner 3. After school yesterday, Nina, Felicia, and Rosa met at
3. Each member member the health-food store.
4. The orange chrysanthemums chrysanthemums 4. Yesterday morning, Frank jogged two miles, ate
5. Fresh dandelion greens greens breakfast, and then showered and dressed for school.
6. Mrs. Wharton Mrs. Wharton 5. Amanda wrote her first short story and showed it to her
7. Derek, along with Kate and Gloria Derek friend Reese.
8. Donna Donna
9. Piles of red and gold leaves Piles
10. Dusty bookcases bookcases Finding the Subject of a Sentence
EXERCISE 5
EXERCISE 2
subject verb
complete predicate verb
1. Picasso was born
1. Yesterday, were walking by the were walking 2. he traveled
new museum 3. paintings show
2. bought large bags of birdseed bought 4. Picasso followed, questioned
at the supermarket 5. Picasso, Georges Braque rejected, tried
3. On Saturday, took fresh bread took 6. painters developed
to his neighbors 7. colors appeared
4. will make a quilt from those will make 8. Picasso used
colorful scraps of fabric 9. collages included
5. am learning about everyday am learning 10. interest, connection led
life in Israel 11. series started, developed
6. saw frogs and fish in the pond saw 12. subjects appeared
behind Robin’s house 13. work is
7. wanted answers immediately wanted 14. Guernica is, expresses
8. have downloaded dozens of my have downloaded 15. images remained
favorite songs
9. gave Josephine fresh corn, gave
tomatoes, and lettuce Direct Objects and Indirect Objects
10. will babysit this weekend will baby-sit EXERCISE 6
11. Into the compost pile, dumped dumped direct object indirect object
the vegetable scraps 1. party Constance
12. Did, go outdoors to help his father Did go 2. cans, bottles
13. volunteered at the library volunteered 3. plant food roses
14. grew into huge vines with grew 4. design David, Mateo
plump pumpkins 5. role
15. remarked on the interesting remarked 6. sentence her
new exhibit at the Museum of
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7. machinery
Modern Art 8. gift sister, me
9. notes Ruben, Sally
10. sea bass, salad guests
Compound Subjects and Compound Verbs
EXERCISE 7
EXERCISE 3 (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
subject verb
1. Please give the cashier the money.
1. Egyptians baked, toasted 2. Stan read his son the letter.
2. Toasting, roasting can remove 3. Do you know the Ozawa family and the Sato family?
3. people, people called 4. Cassie suggested popcorn.
4. toaster sandwiched, toasted 5. She promised Jason a ride.
5. Tin, wire formed 6. Tito wrote the letter carrier a note.
6. toaster held, sat 7. I understand algebra.
7. toast could be made, 8. Kwan handed the teacher his paper.
[could be] enjoyed 9. Joel interviewed the mayor.
8. Toasters became, were installed 10. We showed Marcia the stage door.
9. mechanic invented, filed
10. Springs, timer were built

Answer Key 4
 Objective Complements EXERCISE 10
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
EXERCISE 8 1. a doctor
1. surprising 9. Holly, Chester 2. eerie
2. treasurer 10. miraculous 3. Lance and Mia
3. Pasta Pasta 11. smaller 4. nervous and distracted
4. blue 12. green, lush 5. our principal
5. pink, silver 13. reliable
6. clean 14. simple
7. chairperson 15. purple Classification of Sentences
8. success
EXERCISE 11
1. INT; ? 6. E; ! 11. INT; ?
Review Exercise 2. IMP; ! 7. D; . 12. INT; ?
3. D; . 8. IMP; . 13. D; .
A. 4. INT; ? 9. IMP; . 14. INT; ?
complete subject simple subject verb
5. INT; ? 10. E; ! 15. IMP; . or !
1. Their friends Sylvia, friends live
Anna, and Felicia EXERCISE 12
2. The bus ride ride lasted, (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
exhausted 1. How are you? (INT)
3. The bus driver and driver, stopped 2. Stop it right now! (IMP)
the passengers passengers 3. We all love fresh bread. (D)
4. Antonia and Maria Antonia, Maria had 4. Please bring Tori home. (IMP)
5. Antonia and Maria Antonia, Maria saw 5. Wow, I don’t believe it! (E)
6. My class is quite busy. (D)
B. 7. Think about it. (IMP)
1. DO 8. Do you like pineapple? (INT)
2. DO 9. I’ve been enjoying the series. (D)
3. DO 10. Can you read my handwriting? (INT)
4. OC
5. IO
6. DO Module Review
7. DO
8. OC A.
9. IO 1. S 6. C (DO)
10. IO 2. C (PN) 7. C (PA)
3. C (PN) 8. C (PN)
4. V 9. C (IO)
Subject Complements 5. C (DO) 10. OC
EXERCISE 9 B.
linking verb subject complement(s)
1. IMP; . 6. IMP; .
1. are quiet, calm PA 2. INT; ? 7. INT; ?
2. look bent, craggy PA 3. D; . 8. E; !
3. is oak PN 4. E; ! 9. INT; ?
4. is one PN 5. D; . 10. D; .
5. are bare PA
6. is season PN
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C.
7. grow shorter PA (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
8. feel refreshing PA 1. José and Frank study together at the library.
9. can be golden, bright PA 2. I just saw a shooting star!
10. appears time PN 3. Julia Childs was a famous chef.
11. are busy PA 4. Who thinks reading is exciting and adventurous?
12. is chore PN 5. Please give Emily the dates for band practice.
13. is hydrangea PN 6. Will you dust and vacuum the living room?
14. remain bronze PA 7. The football team won the regional title.
15. are blackeyed Susans PN 8. She actually told Lisa my secret!
16. are sources PN 9. Was John Widmar the artist?
17. smells spicy PA 10. Send me a text or an email when you get there.
18. become gray, brown PA 11. That’s amazing!
19. look scraggly, worn PA 12. I gave André these papers.
20. is spring PN 13. Stop and look before you cross the street.
14. Who washed the towels and uniforms?
15. John drew the plans and built the shed in one day.

Answer Key 5
 MODULE 3
THE PHRASE
Prepositional Phrases Participles and Participial Phrases
EXERCISE 1 EXERCISE 5
preposition object of preposition 1. racing down the stairs
1. across pond 2. baked
2. Above them 3. Waiting for her ride to school
3. from benches 4. Having written a short story
4. in layers 5. Tuned to perfection
5. into house 6. Finding herself alone in the house
6. with; of faces; cold 7. having been rubbed with oil
7. Inside house 8. cooking
8. of; by skates; hearth 9. shooting
9. from window 10. having dined together
10. across; in ice; skates
11. Under breath EXERCISE 6
12. through; of door; house participle phrase word modified
13. of; beside spectators; Salvadore 1. Basking in the audience’s applause Sara
14. around neck 2. Named after a Bantu word for okra gumbo
15. on ice 3. Speaking eloquently class president
16. to; underneath skates; bench 4. announced on the news reward
17. After discussion 5. known for his gentle nature retriever
18. On feet 6. Waving from the car family
19. across pond 7. presented in the first module concept
20. in front of; of; behind spectators; scarf; him 8. grilled chicken
steamed corn
EXERCISE 2 9. Having measured and marked carpenter
(Answers will vary. Students will have satisfactorily the wood
completed the exercise if they write 10 sentences and include 10. tapping on the window something
at least 10 prepositional phrases.) 11. ringing loudly cell phone
12. hidden in this picture puzzle creatures
13. visited by tourists and scholars Parthenon
Adjective Phrases and Adverb Phrases 14. Living on a farm I
15. currently writing a book on cacti father
EXERCISE 3
adjective phrase adverb phrase
1. from green; to brown Gerunds and Gerund Phrases
2. of red or yellow on some grasshoppers
3. for smell on a grasshopper’s antennae EXERCISE 7
4. of touch gerund /gerund phrase type
5. on their heads, legs, 1. talking about them OP
and abdomens 2. Sweeping that barn S
6. through the air 3. being here DO
7. on underwater plants 4. throwing a good party OP
8. of grasshopper 5. using your new desk DO
9. on trees; in bushes or grasses 6. wearing a sweater DO
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10. of katydid like leaves 7. running a red light OP

11. as singers 8. Suturing the incision S
12. in swarms 9. singing OP
13. in the air; in swarms 10. The tar’s sticking to Zoe’s shoe S
14. In 1889 11. Printing S
15. in motion 12. collecting shells; cataloging them DO
13. working at the clinic DO
EXERCISE 4 14. Reading the news headlines S
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.) 15. becoming an astrophysicist PN
1. The woman in the blue cap (ADJ) stepped quickly 16. raising his right hand OP
around the park bench (ADV). 17. Estimating the number of beans in
2. Is that your camera in the bag (ADJ) on the shelf (ADJ)? the jar S
3. Let’s go to the movies (ADV) on Friday (ADV). 18. getting someone to donate furniture
4. Do you still have salamanders in the aquarium (ADV) at for the play PN
your house (ADJ)? 19. reading to the kindergarten class OP
5. I will send them an email about my application (ADJ) 20. raising funds for a new gym OP
after school (ADV).

Answer Key 6
 Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases Appositives and Appositive Phrases
EXERCISE 8 EXERCISE 11
1. to taste 6. To have appositive word identified
2. to teach 7. to forget 1. Mary, Hector friends
3. to dress 8. To keep 2. one wheelbarrow
4. to use 9. To compose 3. location border
5. to choose, [to] store 10. to spend 4. peonies, daffodils flowers
5. expert Hector
EXERCISE 9 6. magenta, purple colors
infinitive phrase type word modified 7. colors Whites, pinks
1. to paint his house ADV helped 8. variety “Jack Snipe”
2. to ask for advice ADJ person 9. months March, April
3. to grow asparagus ADJ attempt 10. enthusiasts Mary, Hector
4. to play basketball ADV go
5. to ski ADV went EXERCISE 12
6. to see the day you ADV live appositive phrase word identified
beat Nashota in tennis 1. ice pellets the size of walnuts Hail
7. to watch this year ADJ team 2. Egyptian cotton and linen fabrics
8. To play goalie ADJ I 3. A translator fluent in five languages Julia
9. to revive the Yellow ADJ plan 4. A young Pueblo potter Diego
Knights 5. Flying Geese, Log Cabin, and
10. to make room for ADV offloaded Dutch Mill patterns
passengers 6. owners of a clothing store sisters
7. a calico kitten surprise
EXERCISE 10 8. a sharp rap on his door knock
infinitive phrase or clause type 9. a two-month-old baby brother
1. to drive carefully in DO 10. a glittering blanket of white snow
the rain 11. the hungry one cow
2. To pick apples S 12. those tall weeds with yellow
3. Mario to apply for the DO flowers goldenrod
new position 13. that clay used in the Southwest to
4. his grandfather to tell a DO make houses adobe
story 14. the one to choose the
5. to write a book about PN commencement speakers election
her grandmother 15. A free weekly newspaper The Williston Gazette

Review Exercise Module Review

A. A.
1. ADJ 6. ADJ 1. ADV 6. ADV
2. ADJ 7. ADJ 2. ADJ 7. ADJ
3. ADV 8. ADV 3. ADJ 8. ADV
4. ADV 9. ADJ 4. ADV 9. ADJ
5. ADV 10. ADV 5. ADV 10. ADV
B. B.
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1. GP 6. IP 1. PP; ADJ 6. PP; ADJ

2. IP 7. GP 2. IP; ADV 7. PP; ADJ
3. PP 8. PP 3. GP; PN 8. GP; S
4. GP 9. GP 4. PP; ADJ 9. IP; DO
5. PP 10. PP 5. GP; S 10. GP; DO
C. C.
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.) (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
1. To help decorate, Luisa and Abel arrived early for the 1. Humming quietly, the refrigerator lulled the puppy to sleep.
party. 2. The car drove down the winding road.
2. My friend Marlo began writing poetry while she was in 3. An excellent way to reduce stress is jogging regularly.
elementary school. 4. The firefighters’ attempt to protect the houses from
3. Cats, prowling and hunting at twilight, see well in dim destruction was successful.
light. 5. Lani wrote a short story about her trip.
4. Nova hopes to improve her Spanish by having regular 6. Vegetable stew is satisfying with fresh ingredients.
conversations with her grandmother. 7. The crate of apple and oranges tumbled onto the floor.
5. Sitting in the parking lot, the car had a flat tire. 8. Listening to the music, he didn’t hear the doorbell ring.
9. To be healthy is everyone’s hope.
10. The senator, a wonderful speaker, captivated the audience.
Answer Key 7
 MODULE 4
THE CLAUSE
Kinds of Clauses 2. because evening comes an hour changed
earlier now
EXERCISE 1 3. When (they are) away on a fishing call
1. S 11. S
trip
2. I 12. I
4. Wherever they go take
3. S 13. S
5. because I made mistakes embarrassing
4. S 14. I
6. as long as Marta promises to return will lend
5. I 15. S
6. S 16. S it on Sunday
7. I 17. I 7. Whenever Ed visits have, invite
8. I 18. S 8. than anyone else in the more
9. I 19. S neighborhood (does)
10. S 20. I 9. Before you leave come
10. as though the bright lights were felt
blinding her
The Adjective Clause
EXERCISE 5
EXERCISE 2 (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
adjective clause relative pronoun/ noun/pronoun 1. If the storm arrives tonight, we’ll be snowed in
adverb modified tomorrow.
1. which is known for its which Chichibu 2. As though someone surprised him, he jumped out of his
annual Shinto shrine chair.
festival 3. Juan solves math problems quickly when I help him.
2. that Ava DuVernay has that film 4. As she was traveling, she whispered softly.
directed 5. Lana thought of her friends, wherever she was traveling.
3. when they hiked the when year
Pacific Coast Trail
4. where our parents where Texas The Noun Clause
worked for the military EXERCISE 6
5. who donate their time who volunteers 1. DO; that she was nervous
and effort 2. DO; what ozone depletion is
6. that I would enjoy that country 3. PN; what we need for this team
visiting 4. IO; whoever can throw farthest
7. that included that sauce 5. OP; whoever asks
artichokes, kalamata 6. DO; whichever shirt was nearest
olives, and tomatoes 7. DO; who created the sculpture known as The Thinker
8. which had a tattered which pad 8. DO; what the new carbon reduction plan is
red cover 9. S; That we need rain
9. whom I can beat at whom anyone 10. OP; whatever the witness said
tennis
10. that Alfredo took that photograph EXERCISE 7
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
EXERCISE 3 1. Can you tell me who announced the contest winners?
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.) (DO)
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1. After school, Franklin went to the grocery store, where The restaurant manager is who announced the contest
he bought yogurt and bananas. winners. (PN)
2. The fruit salad, which included mangos, kiwi fruit, and 2. Whichever color you like best is the one you should
strawberries, tasted delicious. pick. (S)
3. The fans, who were eager to boost an underdog, Place a check next to whichever color you like best.
supported the team. (OP)
4. Somehow, Jasmine heard about the birthday party that 3. Whatever she builds always sells well. (S)
was supposed to be a surprise. She gives whatever she builds a nice coat of paint. (IO)
5. The student council president, who was banging the 4. We should give whoever is working today some of this
table with his gavel, called the meeting to order. juice. (IO)
The person to ask is whoever is working today. (PN)
5. They hoped to travel to where the sun shines year-round.
The Adverb Clause (OP)
Tell me where the sun shines year-round. (DO)
EXERCISE 4
adverb clause word modified
1. as soon as she knows the concert will call
date

Answer Key 8
 Sentence Structure C.
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
EXERCISE 8 1. Anna and Marcelo made a piñata for the party.
1. CD 6. S 11. CD-CX 2. The usher would seat us, or we could find our seats
2. S 7. CD 12. CX ourselves.
3. CX 8. S 13. CX 3. Kathy can explain the theory of discreet mathematics to
4. CD-CX 9. CD 14. CD
you while I take notes.
5. S 10. CD-CX 15. S
4. At first, studying with my friend was unproductive
because we talked too much and studied too little.
Module Review 5. Kwok, whose family still lives in China, immigrated to
the United States to study computer design.
A. 6. Before I left the apartment, I checked the lock that
1. I 4. N sometimes sticks.
2. ADJ 5. ADV 7. That Julia Alvarez, who wrote How the Garcia
3. I 6. N Girls Lost Their Accents, is a talented writer is an
7. ADJ 9. ADV understatement.
8. ADV 10. N 8. My great-grandfather, who grew up during the
Depression, believed that banks were untrustworthy.
B. 9. Elsa, who had played the game for years, knew the rules
1. CX better than Samuel.
2. CD 10. Ms. Rashko, who taught ballet in Russia, now teaches in
3. CX the United States, and she has a dedicated following.
4. S
5. CD-CX
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Answer Key 9
 MODULE 5
AGREEMENT
Subject-Verb Agreement 16. is 20. Have 23. are
17. have 21. enjoy 24. make
EXERCISE 1 18. are 22. is 25. contain
1. works 11. have been invited 19. orbit
2. are driving 12. performs
3. grow 13. has left EXERCISE 7
4. watch 14. is coming (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
5. has woven 15. buzz 1. Neither Julie nor Kai has the books.
6. debate 16. cooks 2. Were either your brothers or your sister at home?
7. am going 17. sings 3. Rice and tomatoes are needed for this recipe.
8. have been eating 18. have fallen 4. Both pens and pencils are acceptable.
9. are roaring 19. climb 5. The newspaper and the milk are on the table.
10. laughs 20. is rising

EXERCISE 2 Collective Nouns

1. has been reading 11. was
2. swim 12. are EXERCISE 8
3. has become 13. scare (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
4. study 14. has won 1. a. The soccer team is leaving at dawn.
5. know 15. are b. The soccer team are getting their uniforms today.
6. have been practicing 16. do 2. a. The choir sings a medley of songs.
7. are 17. is playing b. The choir are disagreeing about the choice of songs.
8. is learning 18. plan 3. a. The family is going to the ocean.
9. Are 19. need b. The family go their separate ways on weekends.
10. were 20. comes 4. a. The audience is calling for an encore.
b. The audience are beginning to leave.
5. a. The faculty agreed to change the book list.
Intervening Phrases and Clauses b. The faculty try to meet individually with each student.
EXERCISE 3
1. is waiting 6. is visiting Review Exercise 1
2. is arranging 7. need
3. becomes 8. have been A.
4. has been preparing 9. is arriving 1. seems 5. make 8. have
5. looks 10. live 2. are 6. is 9. Were
3. has 7. have 10. play
EXERCISE 4 4. collects
1. has chosen 6. wear
2. C 7. are prepared B.
3. travel 8. wave 1. have 5. sings 8. C
4. gather 9. watch 2. are 6. arrive 9. takes
5. is 10. includes 3. have 7. is 10. is
4. enjoy

Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Other Problems in Agreement

EXERCISE 5
1. Are 8. wear 15. play EXERCISE 9
2. were 9. were 16. performs 1. is 10. Here are 18. is
3. have 10. Do 17. agree 2. is 11. is 19. is
4. plan 11. sells 18. wants 3. attempts 12. have 20. travel
5. is 12. wants 19. tells 4. is 13. is 21. There’s
6. lies 13. are 20. are 5. was 14. are 22. add
7. call 14. remember 6. Where are 15. was 23. have
7. is 16. gives 24. is
8. were 17. Where’s 25. there’s
The Compound Subject 9. is

EXERCISE 6 EXERCISE 10
1. are 6. are 11. are 1. have
2. were 7. C 12. are 2. was
3. have 8. is 13. were 3. was
4. are 9. work 14. is 4. see
5. is 10. form 15. runs 5. There are
Answer Key 10
 Review Exercise 2 EXERCISE 12
1. try 6. is 11. its
A. 2. was 7. their 12. have
1. orbit 8. Here are 15. seems 3. am 8. are 13. C
2. is 9. practices 16. construct 4. C 9. were 14. their
3. delivers 10. entertains 17. makes 5. says 10. were 15. C
4. has 11. win 18. equals
5. is 12. How’s 19. has
6. do 13. was 20. need Module Review
7. were 14. is
A.
B. 1. Here are 6. is 11. her
1. shows 6. C 11. ensures 2. his 7. is 12. are
2. are 7. measures 12. C 3. is 8. is 13. need
3. is 8. was 13. were 4. C 9. is 14. were
4. draw 9. has 14. have 5. its 10. has 15. makes
5. include 10. equals 15. have
B.
1. takes 5. are 8. participate
Pronoun Agreement 2. was 6. claims 9. make
3. has 7. was 10. jump
EXERCISE 11 4. C
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
1. their 10. his 18. her C.
2. his or her 11. their 19. his (Answers will vary. A satisfactory response will consist of
3. their 12. its 20. its a five-line sales report which uses correct subject-verb and
4. her; his 13. her 21. them
pronoun-antecedent agreement.)
5. its 14. their 22. his
6. them 15. his 23. their
7. its 16. their 24. her
8. his or her 17. its 25. his or her
9. her
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Answer Key 11
 MODULE 6
CORRECT PRONOUN USAGE
Case of Pronouns Possessive Case Pronouns
EXERCISE 1 EXERCISE 5
1. P 8. P 15. N (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
2. N 9. O 16. N 1. her 8. our 15. theirs
3. P 10. O 17. P 2. Kwan’s 9. frogs 16. hers
4. O 11. P 18. N 3. yours 10. Their 17. lilies
5. N 12. P 19. P 4. His 11. their 18. mine
6. P 13. N 20. P 5. hers 12. lights 19. His
7. N 14. P 6. grandfather 13. herons 20. Emily’s
7. Our 14. bells

Nominative Case Pronouns

Special Pronoun Problems
EXERCISE 2
1. She 6. he EXERCISE 6
2. they 7. she 1. she 10. he 19. her
3. they 8. he 2. him 11. I 20. I
4. she 9. they 3. I 12. she 21. we
5. he 10. she 4. him 13. them 22. us
5. she 14. me 23. we
EXERCISE 3 6. I 15. they 24. they
1. she 6. she 7. he 16. she 25. him
2. C 7. they 8. me 17. he
3. she 8. she 9. them 18. me
4. he 9. He
5. I 10. C
Who and Whom

Objective Case Pronouns EXERCISE 7

1. whom 8. whom 15. whom
EXERCISE 4 2. whoever 9. who 16. whom
1. us 8. me 15. us 3. Who 10. who 17. whomever
2. her 9. them 16. me 4. who 11. whoever 18. Who
3. him 10. him 17. her 5. whom 12. who 19. whom
4. her 11. us 18. her 6. who 13. who 20. whom
5. them 12. us 19. them 7. who 14. whom
6. me 13. him 20. me
7. her 14. her
Module Review

Review Exercise A.
1. Who 6. me 11. I
A. 2. I 7. She 12. she
1. IO; us 6. OP; him 3. he 8. he 13. they
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2. S; I 7. IO; her 4. he 9. whom 14. he

3. OP; us 8. DO; us 5. C 10. he 15. him
4. PN; I 9. DO; her
5. S; I 10. PN; I B.
1. whom 6. who
B. 2. me 7. C
1. I 6. they 3. him 8. I
2. us 7. I 4. me 9. we
3. C 8. C 5. We 10. me
4. them 9. them
5. them 10. C C.
(Answers will vary. A satisfactory response will consist of
C. 10 sentences that use pronouns in the three different cases. It
(Answers will vary. A satisfactory response will have 15 will also demonstrate correct usage of who and whom.)
sentences, and use and label pronouns in the nominative,
objective, and possessive case.)

Answer Key 12
 MODULE 7
CLEAR REFERENCE
Ambiguous Reference Module Review
EXERCISE 1 A.
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.) (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
1. The chef was very happy when Jeremy congratulated 1. C
him for his wonderful cooking. 2. It is terrific that Carlos came in first out of five hundred!
2. When Mindy came out of the store, Roberta waved 3. After we saw a film about the lifestyles of the British
to her. royalty, Oscar said he’d like to tour a castle.
3. The jugglers, acrobats, and clowns at the circus were 4. In some parts of country, better prices are offered for
very entertaining. furniture.
4. Many people disapproved of the candidate’s political 5. He was so gullible he believed me no matter which
ideas, and their disapproval cost him the election. stories I told him.
5. Gavin explained that Oscar had brought the wrong book. 6. That the senator spoke briefly and to the point pleased
6. We asked the expert to show us the report when our her audience.
lawyer brought him to lunch. 7. I couldn’t take drama and dance during the same term,
7. The baby fell asleep just as Abigail was going to pick so I dropped drama.
her up. 8. Sondra’s mother explained to her why Sondra didn’t
8. By sending in an email address and the answer to the have time to see the play.
riddle, I could win the contest. 9. Yoga classes teach students a new way to breathe.
9. When the lights went out and we heard a strange sound, 10. I really enjoy the science fiction of Arthur C. Clarke, but
we jumped. my brother hasn’t read any of Clarke’s books yet.
10. Hector and Philip get along well because they share an
interest in sports. B.
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
1. The examiner explains to the subject the procedure of
Weak and Indefinite Reference the test the subject is about to take.
2. The subject’s wrist and chest are wired to the machine to
EXERCISE 2 measure his emotional responses.
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.) 3. Because the subject’s pulse, blood pressure, and
1. It was a cloudy day, and we thought it might rain if the respiration are unconscious reactions, the test is
clouds got any darker. supposed to measure the subject’s true feelings.
2. The radio announcer said the war was over. 4. Examiners require special training before they can give
3. That Caribbean island is nothing short of a tropical the tests.
paradise. 5. C
4. Rinaldo was a fine tailor and made sure the clothes were 6. Any unusual movement registered by the polygraph may
always mended on time. be a reason to think an answer is a lie.
5. “Do not bend” was written on the back of the carton. 7. The examiner tries to ask obvious control questions, but
6. In my garden, the flowers always bloom. the test can’t really be scientifically exact.
7. Meet me at the train station, and we’ll take the train 8. When the examiner studies the results, her judgment
home together. depends on how much the results differ from what is
8. Some countries already have extensive bike path
normal.
networks. 9. The results, since they depend so much on the abilities
9. The story said that some planets had strange creatures.
of the examiner, aren’t admissible in legal testimony.
10. The New York Times reported on the peace talks.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

10. Therefore, courts of law don’t use polygraph test results.

11. The newsletter mentioned that Ryan had been promoted.
12. That math class has fewer tests.
C.
13. Over the phone, Peter found out that he had won the
(Answers will vary. The assignment will have been
raffle.
successfully completed if students’ letters correctly use and
14. Certain stores in this town always overcharge.
underline 10 different pronouns.)
15. Sitting around the house all day can get boring.

Answer Key 13
 MODULE 8
CORRECT VERB USAGE
Regular Verbs Sit and Set and Rise and Raise
EXERCISE 1 EXERCISE 7
1. stroked 9. noticed 1. sit 5. set 9. C
2. watching 10. competed 2. C 6. rising 10. rose
3. jumped 11. visiting 3. raised 7. rise 11. raised
4. painting 12. waited 4. raises 8. sat 12. sat
5. listened 13. poked 13. sit 18. risen 23. rises
6. played 14. continued 14. set 19. C 24. C
7. called 15. screeched 15. sit 20. sat 25. sits
8. gnawed 16. C 21. raises
17. raised 22. C
EXERCISE 2
(Answers may vary.)
1. tastes 6. convinced Review Exercise
2. watched 7. performed
3. fixed 8. polluted A.
4. C 9. presented 1. made 6. wove
5. calling 10. refunded 2. wore 7. produced
3. became 8. become
4. were 9. took
Irregular Verbs 5. set 10. was

EXERCISE 3 B.
1. spoken 8. bit 15. ringing 1. risen 6. washed
2. frozen 9. built 16. blown 2. sat 7. sampled
3. shrunk or shrunken 10. got 17. broke 3. called 8. laid
4. worn 11. taken 18. kept 4. C 9. ruined
5. became 12. swam 19. left 5. become 10. happened
6. forgot 13. began 20. grew
7. met 14. sold C.
1. were 6. ran
EXERCISE 4 2. spent 7. took
1. said 6. was 3. had brought 8. made
2. fighting 7. thrown 4. told 9. Was
3. rode 8. seen 5. went 10. C
4. caught 9. ran
5. held 10. said
Verb Tense

Lie and Lay EXERCISE 8

1. PR 6. PAP
EXERCISE 5 2. F 7. FP
1. lay 6. lay 11. lying 3. PAP, PF 8. PRP
2. laid 7. Lay 12. lay 4. PA 9. PA
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3. lain 8. laid 13. laying 5. PR, PF 10. PRP, PF

4. lay 9. lay 14. laid
5. laid 10. lie 15. laid
Sequence of Tenses
EXERCISE 6
1. lay 6. lain 11. lay EXERCISE 9
2. C 7. lie 12. lying (Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
3. lying 8. lay 13. C 1. broke 6. are
4. laid 9. lay 14. Lie 2. stood 7. got
5. C 10. lain 15. laid 3. saw 8. had closed
4. sink 9. wrapped
5. had practiced 10. injured

Answer Key 14
 EXERCISE 10 Mood
1. Fighting back a smile, Lucas gave back the toddler’s toy.
2. The girls scattered to hide from Bernice. EXERCISE 13
3. Having hit the clock, the startled cat jumped off the 1. S 6. S 11. S
mantlepiece. 2. IND 7. IND 12. IND
4. Freyda expected to have handed in her resignation by 3. IMP 8. IMP 13. IND
4. IMP 9. IND 14. IMP
now.
5. IND 10. S 15. S
5. Having won the National Book Critics Circle Award,
16. IND 20. IMP 24. IMP
Maxine Hong Kingston became well known for her 17. S 21. IMP 25. IND
writings about the Asian American experience. 18. IMP 22. S
6. To sing at the Met is what she wants most of all. 19. S 23. IND
7. Having decided to take a drawing class, Rene registered
at the Art Institute.
8. After a tough day like today, it is hard not to ask, Module Review
“Why me?”
9. Waiting for the bus yesterday, I nearly froze. A.
10. The Luttrells had wanted to be there by noon. (Answers may vary.)
1. rode 9. keep
2. Sit 10. C
Active Voice and Passive Voice 3. C 11. C
4. will have 12. lost
EXERCISE 11 5. C 13. have shrunk
1. P 6. P 6. worked 14. had studied
2. P 7. A 7. had received 15. to be
3. A 8. P 8. is raised
4. P 9. A
5. A 10. P B.
1. describes 6. built
EXERCISE 12 2. C 7. hoped
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.) 3. raise 8. to spend; struck
1. The Cherokees used witch hazel to make a medicinal tea. 4. floated 9. catch
2. Emma, who does odd jobs in the neighborhood, tuned up 5. are 10. stung
my lawn mower.
3. A construction worker driving a bulldozer filled in the C.
old cellar. (Answers will vary. Responses should show correct use
4. After the conductor directed us to the ticket office, we of regular and irregular verbs as well as consistency of
found our gate. verb tense. Commend responses that describe a treatment
5. Use low-flow faucets to save water. completely.)
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Answer Key 15
 MODULE 9
CORRECT USE OF MODIFIERS
Uses of Modifiers 13. worse worst
14. more smaller smaller
EXERCISE 1 15. least warm less warm
(Answers will vary. The student will have fulfilled the 16. more smarter smarter
assignment if adjectives and adverbs are appropriate to the 17. any city any other city
context and are used and labeled correctly.) 18. C
19. more most
20. most more
Six Troublesome Modifiers 21. more easier easier
22. most bad worst
EXERCISE 2
23. more better more or better
1. slowly 10. well 18. badly
24. C
2. bad 11. well 19. slow
25. most more
3. good 12. badly 20. well
4. well 13. slowly 21. good
5. slow 14. well 22. badly Module Review
6. good 15. slowly 23. good
7. badly 16. slow 24. well A.
8. slowly 17. bad 25. slowly error correction
9. good 1. most earliest earliest
2. good well
3. most biggest biggest
Comparison of Modifiers 4. popularest most popular
5. better best
EXERCISE 3
6. C
comparative superlative
7. slow slowly
1. more/less carefully most/least carefully
8. well good
2. quicker/less quick quickest/least quick
9. most largest largest
3. more/less beautiful most/least beautiful
10. beautifully beautiful
4. taller/less tall tallest/least tall
11. badly bad
5. lazier/less lazy laziest/least lazy
12. any garden any other garden
6. more/less loudly most/least loudly
13. more later later
7. easier/less easy easiest/least easy
14. More earlier Earlier
8. more/less nervous most/least nervous
15. more most
9. hungrier/less hungry hungriest/least hungry
10. braver/less brave bravest/least brave
B.
error correction
EXERCISE 4
1. largest larger
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
2. more most
1. Winter is colder than summer.
3. least less
2. Writing is easier than revising.
4. more shorter shorter
3. Movies are shorter than television series.
5. larger largest
4. Dogs are more fun for children than cats.
6. C
5. Some computer games are more difficult than
7. more kinder more kindly
board games.
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8. most earliest earliest

9. more humorouser more humorous
10. most funniest funniest
Uses of Comparative and Superlative Forms
EXERCISE 5 C.
error correction (Answers will vary. Student will have fulfilled the
1. more bigger bigger assignment if the memo has 10 sentences using modifiers
2. most best best correctly to discuss two of the four television series listed in
3. closer closest the exercise.)
4. most fastest fastest
5. most more
6. any genre any other genre
7. less spicier less spicy
8. largest larger
9. better best
10. C
11. more larger larger
12. least less

Answer Key 16
 MODULE 10
PLACEMENT OF MODIFIERS
Misplaced Modifiers 3. Sallie was so thrilled by all the attention that her face lit
up in a smile.
EXERCISE 1 4. Mila heard the sound of many cars honking their horns
(Answers may vary. Possible responses are given.)
while she was making a slow left turn.
1. During intermission, my friend said she almost always
5. The student found that to earn a place in the school
liked comedies.
orchestra, daily practice is necessary.
2. As they rode in jeeps across the savanna, the tired
6. While Jean was waiting for the phone to ring, she
tourists noticed a herd of elephants eating.
watched an interesting program on television.
3. In the courtyard today, Emily and Jenny overheard the
7. While we were relaxing on the beach, dark storm clouds
teachers planning a surprise school presentation.
appeared.
4. Drinking lemonade, Carlos and I listened intently to the
8. The rescue team, surprised by the sudden sound of the
commentator on the podcast.
alarm, hastily drove their trucks to the scene of the
5. In the bureau upstairs is a watch that is over 50
accident.
years old.
9. Oscar’s first task as theater manager, much to the benefit
6. Returning home on the ferry, the tourists saw a whale.
7. In his speech last night, the legislator running for of the audience, was to replace the old seats.
10. To help the candidate win the election, Kareem made
reelection admitted he had made some mistakes.
8. While reading a brochure, Tamara decided she’d like to many signs.
11. After sitting in the sun for a while, Sonya applied the
visit the West Indies.
9. The circus was quite exciting, but watching the lotion.
12. When I was driving the boat too fast, Dad shouted at me
motorcyclists crossing the high wire made me nervous.
10. The teacher asked Bill to take another exam after class. from shore to slow down.
11. Wanting to be responsible, Carrie made certain she fed 13. They needed to pay their hotel bill before leaving town.
14. The playwright, encouraged by the favorable reviews
her pet goldfish every morning.
12. Don liked to hire magicians to do all sorts of interesting his first play received, wrote another one almost
tricks for the entertainment of his party guests. immediately.
13. Rita promised she would buy a new winter coat and 15. While J. W. was making room on the desk for the new
mittens when it started to snow. computer, his box of pencils fell to the floor.
14. Sitting on their porch, they were silent as they witnessed
EXERCISE 3
the northern lights.
(Answers will vary. Students should be able to create
15. We noticed that Kiyoshi, after lifting weights for six
sentences that demonstrate a satisfactory knowledge of
months, had some new muscles.
16. I agreed to help Sheila on Tuesday. introductory modifiers.)
17. Before taking a break, the lifeguard made sure to tell the
swimmers to get out of the water. Module Review
18. The vacationers enjoyed the view of the city shimmering
in the golden afternoon sunlight. (Answers may vary. Possible responses are given.)
19. On the second night of the cattle drive, the cowhands A.
wondered where 15 of their steers had gone. 1. After breakfast, my brother Carlos assured me the school
20. Bursting with pride, Joachim had finally learned how to was going to be a contender in almost every sport.
do a double-flip off the high board. 2. The school website stated that one student, last year’s
21. Don’t forget to write down on paper every point of the shot put champion, will be trying out for the nationals
treaty that will end this conflict. sometime in the spring.
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22. Tell your sister I need to see her before she leaves for 3. Right after reading the information, my brother said we
the party. had to be at every football game.
23. We were amazed after we read on the bulletin board that 4. We remembered, in the middle of the game, that the
we had passed our exams with all A’s. coach told the fullback he would have to play on both
24. Having empty canteens, the people crossing the desert defense and offense.
on foot were grateful when they encountered the 5. The school website informed us there is a new person
merchants. playing fullback this year.
25. The wind that reached a speed of 50 miles per hour blew 6. The article, which was very positive, talked about
down the fence. student athletes.
7. Carlos said that the fullback would probably win several
awards during the season.
Dangling Modifiers 8. On the way to school, we were happy to see the girl’s
hockey team practicing.
EXERCISE 2
9. While walking through the park, Carlos and I watched
(Answers may vary. Possible responses are given.)
1. Having purchased fishing equipment, we took a trip to one player make a tricky goal.
10. Admiring the hockey player’s skill, we lingered by the
the lake.
2. A house that is on fire should be vacated before calling rink to watch the game.
911.
Answer Key 17
 11. Carlos reminded me the sports writers had predicted
right after last spring’s playoffs that the basketball team
would be state champions for two more years.
12. Carlos, who played center on the team, was waiting quite
impatiently for the basketball season to begin.
13. Carlos had often told me anyone can figure out how to
pass and shoot the ball on the basketball court.
14. What makes the game interesting is that one player,
while trying to make a basket, has to outmaneuver the
other player.
15. I finally admitted to Carlos that I would be happy after
the baseball season began.

B.
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
1. To make a good fantasy like Superman: The Movie,
directors provided solutions to technical problems.
2. Suspended by two wires from a pole, the actor really
seemed to fly.
3. Using models of New York City’s streets, photographers
sometimes tried trick photography.
4. Superman’s cape, which was operated by remote
controls, swirled in the wind.
5. To keep Reeve from crashing into the studio wall, the
director placed a net at the end of the track.

C.
(Answers will vary. The exercise will be satisfactorily
completed when students write a science fiction story using
five of the given phrases or clauses correctly.)
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Answer Key 18
 MODULE 11
A GLOSSARY OF USAGE
Affect / Being As, Being That 10. Soon-Yi doesn’t have any easy answers to that
complicated problem.
EXERCISE 1 11. Do you think it’s true that sailors never saw anything
1. affected 6. as far as 11. effected
like a true mermaid?
2. Because 7. effect 12. alumni
12. I couldn’t complain about my convenient schedule.
3. illusion 8. puppy 13. as fast as
13. Kylie wanted some popcorn, but we didn’t have any in
4. that 9. allusions 14. Because
5. effect 10. everywhere 15. affected the snack drawer.
14. There aren’t any more potatoes in the sack.
15. I don’t know anything about fixing clogged drains.
Could Of / Off, Off Of 16. “I don’t want any dessert,” the diner said to the server.
17. Before last night, I hadn’t ever seen a shooting star.
EXERCISE 2 18. I can’t believe they still haven’t done anything about
1. emigrated 6. as that leak.
2. somewhat 7. somewhat 19. Do not give any money to that phony organization.
3. as if 8. might have 20. Dominic wanted to sing campfire songs, but we didn’t
4. isn’t 9. from know any.
5. from 10. kind of
EXERCISE 7
EXERCISE 3 (Answers will vary. This exercise will be satisfactorily
incorrect correct completed if the student writes ten rules with negative
1. off of from expressions used correctly.)
2. might of might have
3. it says says
4. like as Module Review
5. sort of somewhat
A.
incorrect correct
Or, Nor / Who, Whom, Which, That 1. all the farther as far as
2. illusion allusion
EXERCISE 4 3. alumni alumnae
1. nor 6. or 4. anywheres anywhere
2. than 7. somewhat 5. Where . . . at Where
3. type of 8. involves pasting 6. is because is that
4. who 9. that 7. Being that Because
5. then 10. which 8. like as if
9. should of should have
EXERCISE 5 10. kind of a kind of
incorrect correct 11. My uncle he My uncle
1. is when is formed when 12. kind of a kind of
2. This here This 13. like as
3. either . . . nor either . . . or 14. off of from
4. C 15. or nor
5. type type of 16. some somewhat
17. immigrated emigrated
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18. This here This

The Double Negative 19. C
20. Panning is when Panning is moving
EXERCISE 6
you move
(Answers will vary. Possible responses are given.)
21. C
1. I could barely hear my baby brother crying for his bottle.
22. kind of somewhat
2. Giorgio didn’t have any papers on his desk during the
23. effect affect
exam.
24. all the faster as fast as
3. I heard her say that she didn’t do anything wrong.
25. that there that
4. Ella doesn’t have any more time to practice her trumpet.
5. We had scarcely enough orange juice for the family at
B.
breakfast yesterday. (Answers will vary. A possible response is given.)
6. I looked for clues concerning his disappearance but incorrect correct
didn’t find anything for several weeks. 1. weren't hardly were hardly
7. “I don’t want any more trouble,” the frustrated 2. C
shopkeeper exclaimed at the town meeting. 3. the Paiutes, they the Paiutes
8. I haven’t ever seen any marsupials, even on television. 4. kind of somewhat
9. My grandmother Sanchez has never left her beautiful 5. whom which
homeland of Puerto Rico.
Answer Key 19
 C.
(Answers will vary. A possible response is given.)
The development of self-driving vehicles will have important
effects on our environment. This type of vehicle will likely
be more fuel efficient and create less air pollution than a
gasoline-based car. Because these vehicles can communicate
with each other, they may also help prevent traffic jams.
However, no one has any illusions that self-driving vehicles
will take over the automobile market any time soon. One
reason that they are not widely available is that many safety
issues still need to be resolved. These vehicles may also
affect our society in unknown ways. For example, neither
truck drivers nor cab drivers will be happy about losing their
jobs. Yet, self-driving vehicles seem likely to be the ride of
the future everywhere. To try to stop these vehicles from
taking to the road would be somewhat foolish anyway—as if
technological progress could ever be halted.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Answer Key 20
 MODULE 12
CAPITAL LETTERS
People and Places Objects, Events, and Awards
EXERCISE 1 EXERCISE 6
1. Indian Ocean 1. United States Marine Corps War Memorial
2. Mount Everest; Nepal 2. Grand Zenith
3. Amazon River 3. St. Lucia’s Day; December
4. Caspian Sea 4. Louisiana Purchase; Wednesday
5. Aguilar; Cayman Islands; south: Cuba 5. Progresso; Meow Mix
6. Kenai Fjords National Park 6. Purple Heart
7. Pascal; Albany 7. North Star; Big Dipper
8. Fran Washington; Midwest 8. Cenozoic Era
9. Route 1; Essex County 9. Guggenheim Fellowship
10. Missouri River 10. Graf Zeppelin
11. ‘‘Young Artist Auditions’’
EXERCISE 2 12. Spanish-American War
1. Lake Tahoe; California 13. Boeing 747
2. Boston; Massachusetts 14. Project Apollo
3. South; Cypress Gardens; Florida 15. Saturn
4. Gertie; West Fifty-Sixth Street 16. Ice Age
5. Adirondack Mountains; Lake George 17. Monday; Artemis
6. C 18. Olympics
7. Danube River; Europe 19. Harlem Renaissance
8. National Park; Sierra Nevada 20. Saturday; Betelgeuse
9. continent; island 21. City
10. Buffalo, New York; Syracuse; New York State Thruway; 22. Orion
Interstate 90 23. C
24. National Book Award
25. Mars
School Subjects, First Words, Proper Adjectives
EXERCISE 3 Titles
1. Latin 11. art; oh
2. Hawaiian 12. I; How; I EXERCISE 7
3. Algebra II; I 13. O; You 1. The Diversity of Life 11. Emancipation
4. calculus; astronomy; 14. History III 2. Story Proclamation
history; creative writing 3. sister; Uncle 12. Guardians of the Galaxy
5. Spanish 15. Ethiopian 4. ‘‘Aardvark’’ 13. Ragtime
6. How 16. English 5. Oakland Tribune 14. Professor
7. Japanese 17. She; Armenian 6. The Legend; Animal 15. News Tribune
8. china 18. My Crossing 16. Treaty of Paris
9. The 19. Do; I 7. When Breath Becomes Air 17. Aunt
10. Italian 20. French 8. C 18. ‘‘The Little Green
9. The Wonderful World Monster’’
of Disney 19. Chief
Groups, Organizations, and Religions
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

10. The Thinker 20. The Starry Night

EXERCISE 4
1. a. 6. b.
2. b. 7. a. Module Review
3. b. 8. b.
A.
4. a. 9. b.
1. Have; Cincinnati
5. b. 10. b.
2. Anna; Dylan; Thai; Beau Thai
3. United Nations Children’s Fund; Three UN Plaza;
EXERCISE 5
1. Coast Guard New York, New York
2. Giovanni’s Barbershop 4. CIA
3. World History; New Testament; Koran 5. Mary Cassatt’s; The Boating Party; National Gallery of
4. Royal Astronomical Society of Canada Art; Washington, DC
5. Houston Dash; Kansas City Current 6. Aunt Jackie; How to Be a Kid till the Day You Die
6. Department of Health and Human Services 7. Jackson’s of Piccadilly; Cape Ann Market; Eastern Avenue
7. Tony’s House of Tires 8. On Valentine’s Day; Petrified Forest National Park;
8. Yale-New Haven Hospital Arizona; Southwest Airlines
9. Jewish; Yom Kippur 9. Camping Out; Chicago Public Library
10. C 10. ‘‘Choices’’; Nikki Giovanni; English; Gordon College

Answer Key 21
 B.
1. New Zealand; Dr.
2. library
3. Marino; South Pacific
4. Stewart Island
5. New Zealand; Auckland; Manukau;
Wellington; Christchurch
6. Tasman Sea; Fiordland National Park
7. Southern Alps
8. Waikato River; Clutha River
9. Polynesian; Maoris
10. Marino; Maori
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Answer Key 22
 MODULE 13
PUNCTUATION
End Marks Commas in a Series
EXERCISE 1 EXERCISE 3
1. Where are you? 1. Joachim won the talent show by singing well, being
2. Walter renewed his driver’s license. polite, and dressing appropriately.
3. Stop right now! 2. By the end of the game, the basket seemed two inches
4. Running barefoot through the grass can be fun. around, one thousand yards away, and ten miles high.
5. Do you want to eat lunch now or in a few minutes? 3. These hats come in black and green and brown.
6. What an incredible film! 4. Red, blue, and yellow are the primary colors.
7. Don’t say a word! (or .) 5. His favorite foods are potatoes, corn, and peas.
8. Where I’m from, cricket is a very popular sport. 6. My sister enjoys these holidays: Independence Day,
9. Go, Green Wave, go! Thanksgiving, and Valentine’s Day.
10. Why do you think so? 7. C
11. Believe it or not, Sergio wrote me a letter. 8. “What a marvelous, wonderful, terrific, incredible day!”
12. Please don’t go out after dark. she enthusiastically exclaimed.
13. Move over there! (or .) 9. Some people still want Pluto listed with Mercury, Venus,
14. We knew she was already here. Mars, and the rest of the planets.
15. Watch out! 10. C
16. Tell me if everyone has accepted the invitation. 11. Neither rain nor snow nor dark of night stopped the
17. Have you ever been to the Carnaval parade in Veracruz?
fearless explorers.
18. Are you kidding? (or !)
12. Thanks for the flowers and candy, for the kind words,
19. A magnet attracts metal.
and for everything else you did during that long week.
20. How are the driving conditions today?
13. C
14. Nobody knew who the burglars were, when exactly they
Abbreviations had broken in, what they took, or where they went.
15. Thank you, good luck, and goodnight.
EXERCISE 2 16. C
1. 2-in. nail 17. Visiting the Washington Monument, the Jefferson
2. C Memorial, and the White House was a remarkable
3. Dr. Ana P. Carr experience.
4. 50 mm 18. Domingo was amazed that he wasn’t winded, grateful
5. C that his feet didn’t hurt, and delighted that he’d won.
6. Johnson Construction Co. 19. You can get a ticket by going over the speed limit,
7. Orlando, FL double-parking, failing to use the turn signal, or driving
8. 12 ½ Davis St. without proper registration.
9. 3:00 p.m. sharp 20. Latrice had to give class presentations on the same day
10. 50-yd. dash for English, history, chemistry, and geometry.
21. C
22. Go over the hill, cross the plain, walk through those
Review Exercise pines, find the cave, and you’ll see the underground
A. waterfall.
1. When did Roberto leave for the Main St. station? 23. C
2. We thought it unusual that he signed his name 24. Hopeful, cautious, and ready, we waited.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

D.T.R. Parker. 25. The last ones to join the group were Marie, Margo, and
3. Was it really 10:00 a.m. before they arrived? Liam.
4. Don’t debate about the Panama Canal! (or .)
5. C
6. I can’t believe he actually ran 50 ft. that fast! (or .) Commas with Independent Clauses
7. The letter was addressed to Dr. Manuel T. Clemente.
EXERCISE 4
8. Was your little sister really born at 11:59 p.m. on
1. Flags may be placed in various arrangements on a line,
Feb. 29, 2020?
or they can be held by a signaler, using a method known
9. They mailed the 4-lb. package to a PO Box in Honolulu.
10. Pitcairn Island in the South Pacific measures 1.5 sq. mi. as semaphore.
2. Semaphore was invented in the late 1700s, and it was
B. widely used until the arrival of the telegraph.
(Answers will vary. Students will satisfactorily complete 3. The distance between the semaphore posts is often great,
this exercise if directions include at least three correctly and the signalers use telescopes to read each other’s
punctuated abbreviations and all sentences end with an messages.
appropriate punctuation mark.) 4. C
5. The signalers send messages over water, and they use
red and yellow flags; but over land, the signal colors are
red and white.
Answer Key 23
 6. C 12. NE; Anoki’s store, which features original handmade
7. Some positions represent letters, but others stand for prints, opened yesterday.
numbers. 13. NE; The agent, unnoticed by the crowd, quietly left the
8. C room.
9. C 14. NE; Kim, who brought the tomatoes, sat down to make
10. C the salad.
11. These dots and dashes don’t correspond to the colors or 15. NE; I don’t know what I’d do without that clock, which
positions of flags; but with this code, signalers can send helps me to be on time.
a message much farther. 16. NE; The children, hoping to see their favorite clown
12. Telegraphy is a more efficient way to send messages, yet again, returned to the circus.
even it has disadvantages. 17. E
13. During a sea battle, two friendly ships may be able to 18. NE; Mrs. Thompson, noticing the students’ restlessness,
trade messages rapidly, but the radio signals might also dismissed the class early.
give away their position to the enemy. 19. E
14. C 20. NE; There were rumors that Mr. Cleburne, whom we all
15. The code may be sophisticated, but it still can be knew to live on North Street, had recently moved.
intercepted. 21. E
16. Morse code and similar systems are now the standard 22. NE
everywhere, for the old-fashioned way of using flags to 23. NE; The store was advertising that new brand of soap,
send messages has been replaced for the most part. which nobody had tried yet.
17. The international flag code consists of twenty-six flags, 24. NE; The skier, racing down the hill recklessly, almost hit
and each flag stands for a different letter of the alphabet. a tree.
18. The sailors on ships may not be able to speak one 25. E
another’s languages, but they can still communicate
using the flag code.
19. Single flags can sometimes stand for an entire message, Commas with Introductory Elements
so the letter “V” may mean “I need assistance.” EXERCISE 6
20. Ship flags can carry coded messages, or they can be 1. Please, I need to use the telephone.
national flags that identify the ship’s native country. 2. Getting right to the point, the coach drew a line across
21. C the center of the board.
22. C 3. Until you came along, I didn’t think anyone could do it.
23. Most nations have rectangular flags, but the flag of 4. In a pleasant valley across the snowcapped mountains,
Nepal is five-sided. they finally found water.
24. On Britain’s flag, the red cross stands for England and 5. You may be leaving now; but, wherever you go, I’ll be
Wales, the diagonal white cross on a blue field stands for sure to write to you.
Scotland, and the diagonal red cross stands for Northern 6. Yes, they’ll be back in an hour.
Ireland. 7. C
25. The national flag of the United States also uses red, white, 8. Until the break of day, not a sound was heard in the
and blue; but the stripes represent the original thirteen cabin.
states, and the stars represent the modern fifty states. 9. Reliable as ever, the captain steered the ship through the
storm.
10. Decked out in several layers of clothing, my cousins
Commas with Nonessential Elements attended the New Year’s Day parade.
EXERCISE 5 11. No, I don’t want you to do that!
1. E 12. Curious as to what had made the noise, Rachel opened
the door.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

2. NE; Rodrigo, skeptical of airplanes, always took the

train. 13. C
3. NE; Ali, having worked for the city of Tucson for thirty 14. Wait, nobody move!
15. Having said what he needed to say, Cornelius stopped
years, had just retired.
4. NE; The tour group watched as the three seals, no talking.
16. C
longer interested in watching the people from the rocks,
17. Thanking the two boys, she left.
plunged back into the water.
18. No matter how much you want to go, you should think it
5. NE; Carl, proud of his accomplishment, bragged a little.
over first.
6. E
19. Wow, it’s hot!
7. E
20. Almost more quickly than the eye could see, the deer
8. E
9. NE; The students, excited by the arrival of the guest sprang across the road.
21. Maybe, but let’s vote on it.
speaker, filed into the auditorium.
22. Sticking the insect repellent in her pack, Bea headed up
10. NE; The actors, enjoying the moment, smiled and bowed
the trail.
to the audience.
23. David said, “Well, I guess I should have looked first!”
11. E
24. C
25. When he answered the phone, he was still half asleep.

Answer Key 24
 Commas with Sentence Interrupters 23. An attorney needs a J.D. to practice in this state.
24. The notebook with the blue ribbon on it is mine.
EXERCISE 7 25. The card was signed, “Best wishes, Helen, Jon, and
1. C
Carlita Armstrong.”
2. She said, “Rick, you need a hobby.”
3. Consequently, I joined the group.
4. My first camera, though very inexpensive, made fairly Module Review
good pictures.
5. C A.
6. Of course, the background of the picture is a little dark. 1. Dr. Pines lived at 59 Sagebrush Ave., Tucson, Arizona.
7. On the other hand, I was just a beginner. 2. Lonato played the drums, Motega played the xylophone,
8. Naturally, after a while, I learned how to take one that and Kibbe played the flute.
made better pictures. 3. C
9. The photography club meets every Thursday afternoon 4. Were you born at 5:00 a.m. or 10:00 p.m.?
at the home of Vicky Morales, the club president. 5. She ended the letter, “Sincerely yours,
10. Most of the time, the meetings are informal, not Karen Q. O’Connell.”
businesslike. 6. Katya planted lilacs, daisies, and daffodils; but Bruno,
11. Nevertheless, Rob Samuelson, the club secretary, preferring trees, planted ten 5-ft. maples.
occasionally takes notes for us. 7. C
12. Last month, a debate began between Phoebe and Aaron, 8. Get out of that rain, Shawn, before you catch cold!
an ace photographer. 9. The batter swung, connected, and hit the pitch over the
13. Incidentally, the discussion was over having a photo center field wall.
contest. 10. Did you watch the special on PBS, the Public
14. Phoebe said, “You just want to have a contest, Aaron, Broadcasting System?
because you know you’ll probably win.” 11. She bet that no one would believe it, and they didn’t.
15. In fact, we had the contest; and Phoebe, my surprised 12. Before you could blink your eye, the lemonade was gone.
sister, won. 13. Ms. Jackson, the owner of the grocery store, sometimes
gave out free soda on Sundays; so we were always sure
to be there, just in case.
Other Uses of Commas 14. C
15. Yikes, what a fish!
EXERCISE 8 16. Maria and Parker, working on a new story together,
1. The movie credits listed the hero’s name as “King named the main character J. W. Flash.
Kong, Sr.” 17. Naturally, you can ask Masako; but Akio, who was there
2. End the message, “Yours truly, Renata.” earlier, may be able to tell you more about it.
3. On Saturday, November 30, 2024, we’re having a class 18. Happy, enthusiastic, and energetic, we set out on the
reunion. long voyage.
4. I sent congratulations to Shirley Draper, Ph.D. 19. Lionel, catch that falling plate of dumplings before they
5. John Craig lived at 15 Cedar Street, Colorado Springs,
are ruined!
Colorado. 20. Tired from a long day in the woods, the lumberjack in the
6. C
heavy plaid jacket sat down to speak to his friend Jody.
7. We’re going to take a tour of a cereal company in Battle
Creek, Michigan. B.
8. Bill, Jr., looks just like Bill, Sr.
[1] Some artists make sculptures by building them out of
9. The invitation began, “Dear Remi, Can you come. . . .”
10. During the 2000s, one of the fastest growing U.S. various materials; and others create them by carving them
metropolitan areas was Las Vegas, Nevada. out of solid blocks of stone, wood, or other hard substances.
[2] The earliest known sculptures were made in the Stone Age
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

11. C
12. A researcher sent the results to Los Angeles Harbor about thirty thousand years ago. [3] By 3000 bce, sculptors in
College, Wilmington, CA 90744. Middle Eastern civilizations were making fine stone carvings
13. The sign on the door, Frederick Hong, MD, was in relief, that is, with the figures standing out a bit from a flat
freshly painted. background. [4] During the time of the ancient Greeks and
14. She sent a letter to the Moon Institute of Technology, Romans, sculptors made statues of their gods and goddesses;
84 Crescent View, Solar System 203, Milky Way. but they also sculpted men, women, athletes, soldiers, and
15. We attended the graduation of Susan Sakamoto, J.D. lawmakers. [5] Modern sculptors, who tend to emphasize
16. On July 4, 2022, I saw the best fireworks display of shape rather than reality in their work, have used moving parts
my life. to add a whole new dimension to the art form.
17. C
18. Our school is located at Roger Williams Avenue, C.
Highland Park, IL 60035. (Answers will vary. The content of the letter should contain
19. The car that Bart was driving crossed the finish line first. an appropriate description of a sport or game played on the
20. The show first aired at 9:30 p.m. on Thursday, March 31. planet Discor. Restrictive and nonrestrictive phrases and
21. The return address read 3495 Main St., Mobile, AL clauses should be included, and the letter should contain
36601. correct punctuation.)
22. C

Answer Key 25
 MODULE 14
PUNCTUATION
Semicolons and Colons 14. There was a rumor going around school—rumors spread
like wildfire in a small town like this—that Spike Lee
EXERCISE 1
was going to film a movie in our town.
1. chef: 6. play:
15. The dog’s barking (although harmless) seems endless.
2. C 7. together;
16. We overheard Franco say, “Today [his wedding day] is
3. bookstores; 8. items:
4. statement: 9. stairs; dressed; the happiest day of my life.”
5. water: 10. dinner: 17. The pages of the diary (packed in a trunk for seventy-
five years) had yellowed and become brittle.
18. In 1846, The Know-Nothing Party—it got its name
Hyphens because its members responded “I know nothing” to
questions about the party—was a secret organization that
EXERCISE 2 tried to keep foreign-born people from holding political
1. a tender-hearted man office in America.
2. one-fourth cup of water 19. French physicist Marie Curie (who was married to Pierre
3. a storm in the mid-Atlantic Curie) won a Nobel Prize for chemistry and one for
4. the new president-elect physics.
5. C 20. Jenna, I want to explain—and I really hope you will
6. a world-renowned tenor
understand—why I missed your party.
7. C
8. a pro-consumer settlement
9. C Italics
10. thirty-four states
EXERCISE 4
1. The Creation
Dashes, Parentheses, and Brackets 2. a
3. Dracula
EXERCISE 3
4. cogito, ergo sum
(Answers may vary. Possible responses are given.)
5. Carmen
1. My math teacher Mrs. Penta—did you have her for
6. Fuller House; Full House
math, too?—expects all of us to be as excited and 7. Deep See
enthusiastic about equations as she is. 8. Shear Madness
2. Two years after the first commercial radio station 9. National Geographic
(KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) went on the air in 10. Station Eleven
1920, five hundred stations were broadcasting across 11. The Sun Is Also a Star
America. 12. Arkansas Democrat-Gazette
3. Flo will do as you asked—she will pick you up at the 13. Woman Doing Beadwork on Buckskin Shirt
train station at exactly six o’clock. 14. 555
4. Elena went to that new school [Greenfield High School] 15. Piano Concerto No. 5
last year.
5. Many of his friends—actually, only two of them—agree
with his opinion about longer school days. Quotation Marks
6. My sister Ellie (whose real name is Elvira Maria) was
EXERCISE 5
named for my great-grandmother—who immigrated to
(Answers may vary. Possible responses are given.)
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

America from Italy in the early 1900s.

1. Tom said, “That’s probably because you try to learn it
7. The winner of the acoustic guitar competition—there
line by line instead of sentence by sentence.”
were more than 150 contestants—was Paul Hunter.
2. “Can you explain that more clearly?” asked Chloe.
8. Zimbabwe (formerly known as Rhodesia, Southern
3. Cathy raised her hand and answered, “I can!”
Rhodesia, and Zimbabwe-Rhodesia) is in the eastern half 4. “Do you remember Naoshi’s poem that begins ‘She
of southern Africa. looks to the towering mountains’?” Miss Stuart asked.
9. Instead of waffles (my favorite breakfast food) I ordered 5. Tom said, “That’s the one in which the list of chores
whole-grain muffins. is compared to a mountain range”; obviously, he was
10. Some prepositions (look at the list in Module 10) are
familiar with the poem.
compound. 6. “Although there are three stanzas in that poem,” Cathy
11. People with joie de vivre (literally, “joy of living”) get
said, “there are only three sentences in the entire poem.”
enormous pleasure out of their lives. 7. “So what?” Chloe questioned.
12. Samuel Clemens (1835–1910), wrote under the pen
name of Mark Twain.
13. The door swung open and Marianna walked in—what a
shock!

Answer Key 26
 8. “Look at each sentence,” Tom said. “Think about what Module Review
each sentence is saying. Thinking about each sentence
A.
will help you understand the poem. Understanding it
1. A series of devastating fires struck the community just
should help you memorize it. To quote Miss Stuart: ‘You
as it was recovering from an earlier disaster—terrible
have to read poetry on two levels, the figurative and the
floods.
literal.”’ 2. Students were asked to bring the following items for the
9. “Figurative language uses imagery and other figures of
school overnight trip: a sleeping bag, a pillow, a snack, a
speech to convey meanings,” Miss Stuart explained.
toothbrush, a change of clothes, and a book or a game.
10. “What terrific imagery Alicia used in her poem that
3. “Who would like to volunteer at the senior center after
begins with the sentence ‘Dinosaurs are not always
school?” the principal asked.
prehistoric’!” Cathy exclaimed. 4. The Emancipation Proclamation begins, “Whereas, on
11. “What two things are compared in that poem?” asked Tom.
the twenty-second day of September, in the year of our
12. “A comparison is made between a dinosaur and a Model
Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two. . . .”
T,” answered Cathy.
5. “My older sister is a musician,” Chan said. “She just got
13. “How wild!” Chloe said. “I can’t believe that I thought
a job teaching band in a grade school.”
poetry was boring. Miss Stuart told me that if I learned
6. “Yikes!” Ethan yelled. “You almost ran over my toe with
how to read poetry, I would enjoy it more.”
that thing!”
14. “Chloe, if you get a chance,” Tom said, “read ‘The Fish’
7. Paul asked, “What did Franco mean when he said,
by Elizabeth Bishop. Also, you might find it helpful to
‘Revolutionary’?”
read the chapter ‘Personal Response to Literature.”’ 8. “How did you like reading Shakespeare’s play Much
15. Chloe answered, “You’re right. I thought I heard Miss
Ado About Nothing?” Tina asked.
Stuart say, ‘There will be a freereading period tomorrow.”’ 9. Mr. Jensen said, “It was on this very day [February 6]
last year that we had ten inches of snow.”
EXERCISE 6
10. Joanie said, “My baby brother made us laugh last night
1. “It might seem old,” added Riley, “but I like listening to
when he said, ‘Knock, knock, who’s there?’ and then he
alternative music. I guess that’s my favorite genre right
started to laugh as if he had finished the joke.”
now.”
2. “That genre includes styles like postpunk and shoegaze,
B.
doesn’t it?” asked Jacob. 1. When we had taken our seats on the train (we were
3. “Exactly!” responded Riley. “The local college radio
lucky to find two together), Tomás said, “So what did
station plays a lot of those styles.”
you think of the movie?”
4. “That station also plays a lot of blues,” said Mia.
2. We had just streamed the classic movie The Fugitive,
“I heard one of their DJs explaining that there’s a
starring Harrison Ford.
significant geographic element in this genre.” 3. “Terrific!” I said. “However, I’m experiencing various
5. “I heard that same DJ!” added Gabriel. “She said, ‘To
emotions: confusion, excitement, surprise.
get a good sense of the blues, everyone should listen to 4. Did you see that article that was published recently on
the Delta blues, Detroit blues and Chicago blues.’” the Internet about the filming of that first scene?”
6. C 5. Tomás said, “Wow! That train wreck at the beginning
7. “Mia, do you have a favorite genre of music?” asked
was unbelievable!”
Max.
8. Mia paused for a few seconds before she answered, C.
“I really like exploring all kinds of music. I don’t like (Answers will vary. The exercise will be satisfactorily
listening to just one type.” completed if students write 10 or more sentences based
9. “Wait a minute, Mia,” challenged Max. “You like jazz? on the directions given. Each of the punctuation marks
What about country?” discussed in the module should be used correctly at least
10. “”I really do!” exclaimed Mia. “Try listening to bebop
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

once in the group of sentences.)

jazz and cowpunk. Then, you’ll get a good idea of why I
like those genres.”

Answer Key 27
 MODULE 15
SPELLING
The Dictionary EXERCISE 7
1. pitcher 8. sunniest 15. referred
EXERCISE 1 2. shipping 9. winning 16. thinner
1. flir•ta•tious 3. reliable 10. lazier 17. beginner
2. echoes 4. boyhood 11. hurrying 18. darkest
3. that which illuminates or makes things visible; not 5. seemed 12. mysterious 19. glorious
heavy, of little weight; ignite 6. cried 13. obeying 20. married
4. outwitted 7. wrapped 14. flying
5. The word comes from the French m'aider, which means
‘‘help me.” EXERCISE 8
1. baffled 9. opened
EXERCISE 2 2. handcuffed; roped-up 10. slyly; cutters
1. glamour 4. traveler 3. worried; passed 11. fixed
2. phony 5. archeology 4. reappeared 12. extracted
3. liter 5. sitting 13. impressed
6. seemed 14. skilled
7. mysteriously; conquered 15. denying
Spelling Rules 8. fooled; inventing
EXERCISE 3
1. perceive 11. tier 21. reign
Plurals of Nouns
2. shriek 12. cashier 22. relief
3. besiege 13. chief 23. their EXERCISE 9
4. pliers 14. deceive 24. wield 1. dresses 14. arenas
5. vein 15. forfeit 25. pierce 2. skiers 15. stitches
6. brief 16. thief 26. frontier 3. signs 16. foxes
7. freight 17. field 27. foreign 4. tricks 17. Toscaninis
8. height 18. veil 28. yield 5. Burnses 18. flashes
9. niece 19. piece 29. weigh 6. presents 19. wasps
10. counterfeit 20. receive 30. eight 7. tasks 20. brushes
8. stresses 21. Lópezes
EXERCISE 4 9. willows 22. fences
1. height 6. succeeded 10. sixes 23. climbers
2. brief 7. windshield 11. lunches 24. shoes
3. achieved 8. leisurely 12. colleges 25. pianos
4. unbelievable 9. seized 13. fezes
5. concede 10. superseding
EXERCISE 10
1. blueberries 11. Kandinskys
Prefixes and Suffixes 2. Ripleys 12. wharves
3. thieves 13. follies
EXERCISE 5
4. ways 14. displays
1. uphold 8. misspell 15. readily
5. histories 15. communities
2. tasteful 9. management 16. baked
6. roofs 16. stories
3. argument 10. courageous 17. subtopic
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

7. countries 17. knives

4. immovable 11. mileage 18. recycle
8. boys 18. donkeys
5. busily 12. famous 19. ninety
9. Mondays 19. kidneys
6. retell 13. disappear 20. finally
10. halves 20. rallies
7. simpler 14. hasty
EXERCISE 11
EXERCISE 6
1. piccolos 6. men-of-war
1. normally 8. simplest 15. lovely
2. foot races 7. Silvanos
2. changed 9. noticeable 16. careless
3. tomatoes 8. rodeos
3. quotable 10. calculator 17. making
4. mice 9. solos
4. adventurous 11. merely 18. densely
5. flamingos or flamingoes 10. mothers-in-law
5. loudness 12. racer 19. livelier
6. believing 13. messiness 20. scraping
7. heaviness 14. surest

Answer Key 28
 EXERCISE 12 Module Review
1. seat belts 6. men
2. radios; solos 7. cellos A.
3. vetoes 8. sisters-in-law 1. opened; boxes 11. neighborhood; parties
4. torpedoes; patrol boats 9. potatoes; geese 2. Fredericks; matches 12. timeless
5. bongos 10. studios 3. exceeded 13. barely
4. racing; crossed 14. loaves; waited
EXERCISE 13 5. Espositos; famous; 15. navigator
(Answers will vary. Plural forms are given.) parties 16. graceful; skaters
1. mottoes 11. zeros or zeroes 6. studios 17. amusement
2. children 12. mambos 7. coolest 18. boys; blackberries
3. Navajos 13. teeth 8. excitement 19. juries
4. seashells 14. mosquitos or mosquitoes 9. days; reefs 20. Trying; receive
5. eleventh-graders 15. mothers-in-law 10. underrepresented
6. feet 16. silos
7. contraltos 17. mice B.
8. tacos 18. demos 1. various 6. C
9. presidents-elect 19. women 2. stamped 7. Islanders; fashioned
10. sergeants-at-arms 20. patios 3. piece 8. Their; feet
4. weighs; measuring 9. C
5. colonies 10. thieves; carefully

C.
(Answers will vary. Students’ responses should show
an understanding of spelling rules. To further check
understanding, you may wish to have students complete
each other’s exercises.)
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Answer Key 29