Important Questions

MBBS 2nd Profrssional

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Pathology
Table of contents
1. The Cell as a Unit of Health and Disease
2. Cell Injury, Cell Death, and Adaptations
3. Inflammation and Repair
4. Hemodynamic Disorders, Thromboembolic Disease, and
Shock
5. Genetic Disorders
6. Diseases of the Immune System
7. Neoplasia
8. Infectious Diseases
9. Environmental and Nutritional Diseases
10. Diseases of Infancy and Childhood
11. Blood Vessels
12. The Heart
13. Diseases of White Blood Cells, Lymph Nodes, Spleen,
and Thymus
14. Red Blood Cell and Bleeding Disorders
15. The Lung
16. Head and Neck
17. The Gastrointestinal Tract
18. Liver and Gallbladder
19. The Pancreas
20. The Kidney
21. The Lower Urinary Tract and Male Genital System
22. The Female Genital Tract
23. The Breast
24. The Endocrine System
25. The Skin
26. Bones, Joints, and Soft Tissue Tumors
27. Peripheral Nerves and Skeletal Muscles
28. The Central Nervous System
29. The Eye
1. The Cell as a Unit of Health and Disease
2. Cell Injury, Cell Death, and Adaptations
S Fatty change
S Cellular adaptations
S Reversible cell injury
S Gangrene
S Free radical injury
S Types of infraction
S Calcification
S Differentiate between apoptosis and necrosis
S Mechanism of ischemic injury
L Define necrosis and types of necrosis in detail
3. Inflammation and Repair
S Factors influencing healing and repair
S Difference between exudate and transudate
S Macrophages
S Phagocytosis
S Various types of giant cells
S Morphological variants of acute inflammation
S Cellular events of acute inflammation
S Vascular events of acute inflammation
L Mechanism of wound healing
L Inflammation and its classification, details of chronic inflammation
L Chemical mediators of inflammation
4. Hemodynamic Disorders, Thromboembolic Disease, and Shock
S Pathogenesis of edema
S Explain types of embolism
S Virchow’s triad
S Theory of thrombogenesis
S Pathogenesis of cardiac edema
S Pulmonary embolism
S Fate of thrombus
L Etiopathogenesis and types of shock, explain septic shock
L Define thrombosis, its etiopathogenesis and complications
5. Genetic Disorders
S Down’s syndrome
S Genomic imprinting
S Sex linked disorders
S Autosomal dominant disorders
S Marfan syndrome
S Epigenetic alterations
S Turner’s syndrome
L Abnormal intracellular accumulation
L Transmission pattern of single gene disorders
6. Diseases of the Immune System
S Difference between primary and secondary amyloidosis
S Classification of amyloidosis and its staining
S Role of lymphocytes in immunity
S Natural killer cells
S Define immunity, mention different types of immunity
S Major histocompatibility complex
S Difference between T and B lymphocytes
S Amyloidosis of kidney
S Sjogren syndrome
S Immunological basis of graft rejection
S Autoimmunity
S Secondary immunodeficiencies
S Graft vs Host reaction
S Mode of transmission of HIV and its diagnostic procedures
S AIDS difining diseases
S Opportunistic infections in AIDS
L Hypersensitivity reactions
L Structure of HIV and its pathogenesis
L Etiopathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
L Etiopathogenesis and morphological changes in amyloidosis
7. Neoplasia
S RB gene
S Mechanisms of metastasis
S Tumour markers
S Lab diagnosis of tumours
S Tumour immunity
S Characterstics of malignant tumour
S Paraneoplastic syndromes
S Staging and grading of malignant tumour and its importance
L Role of oncogenes in cancer
L Explain types of carcinogenesis
8. Infectious Diseases
S Pathogenesis of Covid-19
S Secondary tuberculosis of the lung
S Pulmonary lesions in tuberculosis
S Difference between tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy
L Etiopathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis
L Leprosy, its classification, etiopathogenesis and clinical findings
9. Environmental and Nutritional Diseases
S Vitamin A deficiency
S Vitamin C deficiency
S Scurvy
S Tabacoo related diseases
S Smoking related diseases
S Vitamin D deficiency
S Rickets
S Obesity
S Renal rickets
S Protein energy malnutrition
10. Diseases of Infancy and Childhood
S Wilms Tumor
11. Blood Vessels
S Etiopathogenesis of atherosclerosis
S Risk factors for artherosclerosis
S Complications of artherosclerosis
12. The Heart
S Infective endocarditis
S Cardiomyopathy
S Aschoff bodies
S Rheumatic heart disease
S Cardiac markers of myocardial infraction
L Etiopathogenesis, morphological changes and lab diagnosis in myocardial infraction
L Etiology, pathophysiology, gross and microscopic features and complications of rheumatic fever
13. Diseases of White Blood Cells, Lymph Nodes, Spleen, and Thymus
S Classify Hodgkin’s lymphoma and describe microscopic features of nodular sclerosis type of
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
S Reed stenberg cells
S Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma
S Etiology of eosinophilia
S Multiple myeloma
S Chronic myeloid leukemia and its diagnosis
S Fab classification of acute myeloid leukemia
S Sago Spleen
S Myeloproliferative syndrome
L WHO classification and complications of acute leukemias
14. Red Blood Cell and Bleeding Disorders
S Classification, pathophysiology and lab diagnosis of thalassemias
S Etiopathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia
S Hemophilia
S Aplastic anemia
S Etiological classification of anemia
S Hemolytic disease of newborn
L Morphological classification of anemia, pathogenesis and lab investigations of iron deficiency
anemia
15. The Lung
S Stages, morphology and microscopic features of lobar pneumonia
S Etiopathogenesis of emphysema
S Bronchiectasis
S Anthracosis
S Bronchial asthma
L Etiological factors of lung cancers, types of lung carcinomas, pathogenesis, and microscopic
features of small cell carcinoma
L Etiopathology and risk factors of COPD
16. Head and Neck
17. The Gastrointestinal Tract
S Pathogenesis and microscopic features of celiac disease
S Gross and microscopy of pleomorphic adenoma
S Etiopathogenesis of oral carcinoma
S Gastric carcinoma
S Barrett’s Esophagous
S Differentiate between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
S Distinguishing features of dudoneal ulcer and gastric ulcer
S Colorectal carcinoma
L Etiology, pathogenesis, microscopic features and complications of peptic ulcer disease
18. Liver and Gallbladder
S Etiopathogenesis and lab diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
S Etiopathogenesis, morphology and complications of cirrhosis
S Chronic venous congestion liver
S Classify chirrosis of liver, describe stages, pathogenesis and pathogenesis of alcoholic chirrosis
S Serological markers of hepatitis B
S Nutmeg liver
S Portal hypertension
S Hemochromatosis
S Hemosiderotic nodules
S Etiopathogenesis of cholelithiasis
S Wilson’s disease
L Describe etiology, lab investigations, microscopic features and complications of chronic hepatitis
19. The Pancreas
S Etiological factors and lab investigations to diagnose chronic pancreatitis
20. The Kidney
S Eriological factors and complications of chronic pyelonephritis
S Acute pylonephritis
S Classification and etiopathogenesis of glomerulonephritis
S Morphological features of renal cell carcinoma
S Acute renal failure
S Nephrotic syndrome
S Nephroblastoma
S Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
S Differentiate between nephritic and nephrotic syndrome
S Rapid progressive glomerulonephritis
S IGA nephropathy
21. The Lower Urinary Tract and Male Genital System
S Pathogenesis and microscopic features of benign prostatic hyperplasia
S Obstructive uropathy
L Classify testicular tumors, describe gross and microscopic features of classic seminoma with
diagrams
22. The Female Genital Tract
S Endometriosis
S Ovarian tumors
S Teratoma of ovary
S Hydatidiform Mole
S Leiomyoma
S Cervical intraepithelial neoplasis
S Etiopathogenesis of carcinoma of cervix
23. The Breast
S Gross and microscopic features of fibroadenomas of breast
S Markers in carcinoma of breast
S Paget’s disease of breast
24. The Endocrine System
S Lab investigations and complications of diabetes mellitus
S Pathogenesis of type II diabetes mellitus
S Papillary carcinoma of thyroid
S Multinodular goitre
S Difference between type I and type II diabetes mellitus
S Colloid goitre
S Hashimoto’s disease
S Pathology of kidney in diabetes mellitus
S Grave’s disease
S Subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis
S Autoimmune thyroiditis
S Gigantism and acromegaly
25. The Skin
S Pigmentation
S Melanin pigment
S Psoriasis
26. Bones, Joints, and Soft Tissue Tumors
S Etiology and morphological features of osteosarcoma
S Paget’s disease of bone
S Rheumatoid arthritis
S Chronic osteomyelitis
S Classification of bone tumours
S Ewing Sarcoma
27. Peripheral Nerves and Skeletal Muscles
28. The Central Nervous System
S Meningioma
S Medulloblastoma
S Difference between tubercular and viral meningitis
S Difference between tubercular and pyogenic meningitis
S CSF examination in pyogenic meningitis
29. The Eye
30. Transfusion medicine
S Cross matching in blood bank
S Bombay blood group
S Blood group systems
L Transfusion transmitted diseases and complications of blood transfusion