SCH 4U Chapter 7 Review
Topics to Review
Definition of equilibrium and the 4 conditions for equilibrium
Examples of chemical and physical processes that reach equilibrium
Calculations involving equilibrium (3 types)
Interpreting the meaning of the magnitude of K
Le Chatelier’s principle
Reaction Quotient, Q
Solubility Equilibria: Ksp, molar solubility, Common Ion and Qsp
Practice Questions
1. State the equilibrium expressions for the following reactions.
(a) CO(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2(g) (b) 3I2(g) + 6F2(g) 2IF5(g) + I4F2(g)
2. The equilibrium constant for the decomposition of HBr(g) from hydrogen and bromine gas is 4.59 x 10-7 at
730C. If 3.75 mol of HBr is put into a 15.0 L reaction vessel, calculate the concentration of H 2, Br2, and
HBr at equilibrium. 2 HBr(g) H2(g) + Br2(g)
3. The Keq for this reaction is 4.0. Predict the direction in which the equilibrium will shift if 3.0 mol of HF, 2.0
mol of H2 and 4.0 mol of F2 are put into a 5.0 L container.
2HF(g) H2(g) + F2(g)
4. At 250C, the equilibrium constant for the reaction is 0.041.
PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) H = 92.5 kJ.
(a) Calculate the concentration of all the substances present at equilibrium if 0.20 mol of PCl 5 is placed in
a 4 L reaction vessel.
(b) Predict the shift in equilibrium expected when:
• the temperature of the reaction mixture is increased ________________________
• PCl3 is removed from the system ________________________
• Cl2 is added to the system ________________________
• the pressure of the system is increased ________________________
• a catalyst is added ________________________
5. The equilibrium constant for the production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gas at 720C is
2.37 10–3.
(a) Determine the value of Q and state in which direction the equilibrium will shift if the concentrations in
the reaction mixture are: [H2] = 0.68 M, [N2] = 8.40 M, and [NH3] = 3.30 M
(b) At 375C, the Keq for the same reaction is increased to 1.2. Assume the initial concentrations in the
reaction mixture are: [H2] = 0.75 mol/L, [N2] = 0.55 mol/L, and [NH3] = 0. 50 mol/L
Predict the change in concentration that each gas will undergo in reaching equilibrium.
6. Predict the direction in which each of the following systems will shift upon applications of the stresses
listed.
a) C + CO2 2CO H = +ve
Stress: Increase in temperature ________________________
b) 2NOBr(g) 2NO(g) + Br2(g)
Stress: Decrease in pressure ________________________
c) 3Fe(s) + 4H2(g) Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)
Stress: Add Fe ________________________
d) 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3 (g) H = –198.2 kJ
Stress: Increase the pressure ________________________
e) 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) H = –198.2 kJ
Stress: Increase the temperature ____________________________
7. The Ksp for BaSO4 is 1.08 10–10.
(a) Determine the molar solubility of BaSO4.
(b) What is the molar solubility of BaSO4 in a solution containing the common ion, SO42–, at a
concentration of 1.0 mol/L?
8. a) If the Ksp of AgCl is 1.77 10–10, determine the molar solubility of silver chloride.
b) A sample of tap water contains a chloride ion concentration of 2.1 10–4 mol/L. What is the minimum
concentration of Ag+ that should be added to the tap water to give a precipitate?
9. (a) If 50.0 mL of 2 mol/L Ba(OH)2 is mixed with 100 mL of 0.5 mol/L H2SO4, will a precipitate form? (Ksp of
BaSO4 is 1.08 10–10)
(b) What is the balanced chemical equation for the formation of the precipitate?
10. (a) In a lab, a student takes 20.0 mL of 0.10 mol/L Ba(NO3)2 and adds it to 50.0 mL of 0.20 mol/L Na2CO3.
What is the ion product constant (Qsp) for this reaction?
(b) Will a precipitate form?
(c) What is the balanced chemical equation for the formation of a possible precipitate?
Answers:
2. [H2] = [Br2] = 0.00017 M; [HBr] = 0.25 M
3. Q = 0.89; shift right
4. [PCl5] = 0.021 M; [PCl3] = [Cl2] = 0.029 M; right, right, left, left, no change
5. a) Q = 4.13; shift left b) Q = 1.08; shift right
6. a) right b) right c) right d) right e) left
7. a) 1.04 x 10-5 b) 1.08 x 10-10
8. a) 1.33 x 10-5 b) 8.43 x 10-7
9. Q = 0.22; yes
10. Q = 0.00415; yes
