Chemistry Review Package

MULTIPLE CHOICE:

1. company sells gas in steel cylinders. All of the cylinders have the same volume but not the
same mass. The mass of each evacuated cylinder is stamped on it. A worker takes the first
cylinder, which is stamped 524.3 g and fills it with ammonia gas, NH3, until its mass is 537.2 g.
The worker then takes a second cylinder, stamped 487.6 g, and fills it with fluorine gas, F 2. The
contents of both cylinders must be at the same temperature and pressure.

What is the total mass of the second cylinder after it has been filled?

A) 500.5 g C) 516.4 g
B) 502.0 g D) 553.1 g

2. A used propane cylinder, containing only air, is accidentally thrown onto a camp bonfire. The
initial conditions inside the cylinder are 25C and 101.3 kPa. The cylinder can withstand an
internal pressure of 341 kPa.

Above what temperature will an explosion occur?

A) 8.42  101C C) 1.00  103C

B) 7.30  102C D) 1.28  103C
3. To help reduce the stress on the skeletal system, many brands of athletic footwear integrate air
chambers into the soles of their shoes. During the hot temperatures of summer, some long
distance runners notice that these air chambers enlarge.

Using the kinetic molecular theory of gases, which of the following statements explain
why this phenomenon is observed?

A) As the temperature increases, gas molecules increase their volume due to thermal
expansion.
B) As the temperature increases, the volume of the gas increases as the pressure inside
the air chamber decreases.
C) As the temperature increases, an increase in the collisions between the gas molecules
generates heat, causing an increase in the volume of the chambers.
D) As the temperature increases, the gas molecules move faster, resulting in more and
stronger collisions that push out the sides of the air chambers into a larger volume.

4. A student wrote the equilibrium constant expressions, Kc, for each of the four reactions below,
but only one is correct.

For which equation did the student write the correct Kc expression?

A) [ CO2 ] 4 [ H 2 O ] 2
Kc = 2 5
2 C2H2(g) + 5 O2(g) 4 CO2(g) + 2 H2O(l) [ C2 H 2 ] [ O2 ]

B)
Kc =
[ NO2 ]
N2(g) + 2 O2(g) 2 NO2(g) [ N 2 ] [ O2 ]

C) [ HCl ] 4 [ O2 ]
Kc = 2

4 HCl(aq) + O2(g) 2 H2O(l) + 2 Cl2(g)

[ Cl2 ]
D) K c = [ O2 ] 3
2 KClO3(s) 2 KCl(s) + 3 O2(g)
5. Examine the enthalpy diagram below.

Which of the following changes could be represented by this diagram?

1) H2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) H2O(l) H = -285.9 kJ/mol

2) H2O(g) + C(s) H2(g) + CO(g) H = +131.8 kJ/mol

3) CO(g) + NO2(g) CO2(g) + NO(g) + 226 kJ

4) C12H22O11(s) + 5.4 kJ  C12H22O11(aq)

A) 1 and 3 C) 2 and 3
B) 1 and 4 D) 2 and 4

6. Which of the following describes how an inhibitor influences the rate of a chemical
reaction?

A) It decreases the activation energy of both the forward and reverse reactions.
B) It decreases the activation energy of the forward reaction.
C) It decreases the temperature of the system, while leaving the activation energy
unchanged.
D) It increases the activation energy of both the forward and reverse reactions.
7. Consider the following system at equilibrium.

MgCl2(s) Mg2+(aq) + 2 Cl(aq) H = + 12.5 kJ

Which of the changes below would result in an equilibrium shift?

A) The addition of a catalyst to the system

B) An increase in the temperature
C) The addition of magnesium chloride, MgCl2(s), to the container
D) A decrease in the pressure on the system

8. A student placed 3.50 g of Mg(OH)2 in a bomb calorimeter containing 250.0 mL of water. When
the substance was completely dissolved he noted a temperature increase of 22.8 oC.

What is the molar heat of solution?

A) 1.40  100 kJ/mol C) 3.98  102 kJ/mol

B) 2.39  101 kJ/mol D) 1.43  103 kJ/mol

9. During the science fair, Tammy wanted to simulate a volcanic eruption by mixing together
baking soda, NaHCO3, and vinegar, HCH3COO.

Which of the following combinations should she use in order to produce the slowest rate of
reaction?

A) 0.5 M HCH3COO and a 4.0 g block of NaHCO3

B) 0.5 M HCH3COO and 4.0 g of powdered NaHCO3
C) 1.0 M HCH3COO and a 4.0 g block of NaHCO3
D) 1.0 M HCH3COO and 4.0 g of powdered NaHCO3
10. Below is a graph representing the enthalpy change of a thermochemical reaction as a function
of reaction progress.

In the graph, which letters refer to the following concepts?

I. H of the reaction
II. Activation energy of the forward reaction
III. Energy of the products

A) I- e II- b III- d
B) I- e II- c III- a
C) I- c II- a III- d
D) I- b II- e III- c

11. Consider the following system at equilibrium:

2 SO2(g) + O2(g) 2 SO3(g) + Energy

Which of the following changes would result in an increase of products?

A) Increase the pressure and decrease the temperature.

B) Increase the pressure and increase the temperature.
C) Decrease the pressure and increase the temperature.
D) Decrease the pressure and decrease the temperature.
12. Anthony wants to know which of five acids is the strongest. He refers to a table of Acid
Dissociation Constants (Ka).

After consulting the table below, which acid did he decide was the strongest?

Name Formula Ka
Arsenic acid H3AsO4 5.0  10-3
Carbonic acid H2CO3 4.3  10-7
Oxalic acid H2C2O4 6.5  10-2
Phosphoric acid H3PO4 7.5  10-3
Sulfurous acid H2SO3 1.5  10-2

A) Arsenic acid C) Oxalic acid

B) Carbonic acid D) Sulfurous acid

13. Ethane, C2H6, can be decomposed into ethene, C2H4, and hydrogen gas:

C2H6(g) C2H4(g) + H2(g)

Using the following equations, determine the enthalpy change for the decomposition of
ethane.

1. 2 H2(g) + O2(g) 2 H2O(l) H = -572 kJ

2. C2H4(g) + 3 O2(g) 2 H2O(l) + 2 CO2(g) H = -1401 kJ
3. 2 C2H6(g) + 7 O2(g) 6 H2O(l) + 4 CO2(g) H = -3100 kJ

A) -5073 kJ C) 137 kJ
B) -3237 kJ D) 3237 kJ
14. Barbeque propane gas, C3H8, burns according to the following equation:

C3H8 (g) + 5 O2 (g) 3 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (g)

How many grams of propane are needed to provide the 980 kJ required to cook a salmon
steak?

∆Hf (kJ/mol)

3 C(s) + 4 H2(g) C3H8(g) -103.8

C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) -394.0

H2(g) + ½ O2(g) H2O(g) -241.8

A) 21.1 g C) 9.6 g
B) 19.1 g D) 10.6 g

15. Consider the following reactions at room temperature:

1. Fe3+(aq) + SCN1-(aq) FeSCN2+(aq)

2. 4 Fe(s) + 3 O2(g) 2 Fe2O3(s)

3. 8 Fe(s) + S8(s) 8 FeS(s)

Which combination below arranges the reactions from slowest to fastest?

A) 1  2  3 C) 2  3  1
B) 1  3  2 D) 3  2  1
 16. Consider the following reaction at equilibrium in a closed container:

CaCO3(s)CaO(s) + CO2(g)

Which of the following statements is true if the volume of the container is increased?

A) The concentration of CaCO3 would increase.

B) The concentration of CaCO3 would decrease.
C) The amount of CO2 would increase.
D) The amount of CO2 would decrease.

SHORT ANSWER:

1. A train is carrying two large tanks of industrial chemicals. During a derailment, the tanks are
damaged and two different poisonous gases are released into the atmosphere. Chlorine gas is
yellow-green in colour and smells like a mixture of pineapple and pepper. Ammonia gas is
colourless and is easily identified by many people because it is commonly used in household
cleaners.

Which gas will the students at the nearby high school smell first?

Justify your answer, showing appropriate calculations.

2. A tire store fills its tires with nitrogen gas, N2. At two o’clock when the temperature is 23C, the
store fills a tire to 315 kPa of pressure and finds that it requires 84.0 g of nitrogen gas.
Unfortunately, the tire valve is leaking. At eight o’clock, when the temperature is 15C, a worker
checks the pressure and finds that it has decreased to 235 kPa.

What mass of nitrogen remained in the tire?

(Assume that the capacity of the tire did not change.)

3. Ammonia gas, NH3, is reacted with sulfuric acid, H2SO4, to form the important fertilizer
ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4.

2 NH3(g) + H2SO4(aq)(NH4)2SO4(s)

What mass of ammonium sulfate can be produced from 8.5 x 104 of ammonia gas at
STP?

4. During two experiments, students determine the heats of reaction for the following
thermochemical equations:

NaOH(s) NaOH(aq) + 44.2 kJ

NaOH(s) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + 100.1 kJ

In a third experiment, 150.0 mL of aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH(aq), is mixed with 150.0 mL
of hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq) and the temperature of the solution rises from 25.0C to 38.0C.

This reaction is represented by the following equation:

NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

How many moles of NaOH reacted in the third experiment?

(Assume NaOH(aq) and HCl(aq) have the same specific heat capacity and density as water.)

5. The following reaction takes place in a closed 4.0 L container.

 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) 2 SO3(g)

Initially, only 1.20 moles of SO2 and 1.00 mole of O2 are present in the container. At
equilibrium, 0.40 moles of SO2 remain unreacted.

What is the value of the equilibrium constant, Kc, for this reaction?

6. In an experiment, a student places magnesium metal in aqueous sulfuric acid, H 2SO4, according
to the following equation:

Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq) MgSO4(aq) + H2(g)

The student must produce 174.1 mL of hydrogen gas by reacting magnesium with an excess of
H2SO4(aq), at a temperature of 30.0C and a pressure of 100 kPa.

What mass of magnesium is needed?

7. An 80.5-g piece of brass is heated to a temperature of 95.7C in a hot water bath. The brass is
transferred to a calorimeter containing 105 g of water at a temperature 15.6C.

The final temperature of the water bath is 23.8C.

What is the specific heat capacity of the piece of brass?

8. A 0.1 mol/L solution of formic acid, HCOOH, ionizes in water according to the following
equation:

HCOOH (aq ) + H 2 O( ℓ ) ↔ H 3 O+(aq ) + HCOO−( aq )

The acid dissociation constant, Ka, of formic acid is 1.77  10-4.

What is the pH of the formic acid solution?

9. Since zinc oxide can absorb U.V. light, it can be used in ointments, creams, and lotions to
protect against sunburn.
 You need to find the molar heat of formation for zinc oxide according to the following equation:

1
Zn ( s ) + O → ZnO ( s )
2 2( g )

Given that this is difficult to do in a lab, you perform a series of experiments to find the molar
heat of formation indirectly.

First Experiment:
The reaction of 0.200 g of granular zinc with 50.0 mL of 1 mol/L of HCl according to the
following equation:

Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Results:

Zinc HCl Initial temperature Final temperature

0.200 g 50.0 mL 20.0C 22.7C

Second Experiment:
The reaction of 0.390 g of zinc oxide with 50.0 mL of 1 mol/L HCl according to the following
equation:

ZnO(s) + 2 HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2O()

Results:

Zinc oxide HCl Initial temperature Final temperature

0.390 g 50.0 mL 19.0C 21.1C

Consulting your chemistry text, you find that the molar heat of formation for water is:

1
H 2 ( g) + O → H 2 O(l ) ΔH = -286 kJ/mol
2 2 ( g)

Based on the results obtained, what is the molar heat of formation for zinc oxide?
(Assume the density and specific heat for all solutions to be equal to that of water.)

10. A student performs a simple experiment to obtain an approximate value for the molar heat of
combustion of methanol (CH3OH). He adds methanol to a methanol burner and finds its mass.
He ignites the methanol and uses the burner to heat a sample of water. After heating the water
 and allowing the burner to cool, he measures the mass of the burner again. His observations
are recorded in the table below:

Mass of water heated 275 g

Mass of the burner and methanol before heating the water 642.53 g
Mass of the burner and methanol after heating the water 635.68 g
Temperature of the water before heating 16.4°C
Temperature of the water after heating 94.7°C

The student assumes that all of the heat released by the burning of the methanol was absorbed by
the water.

What is the molar heat of combustion (H) of methanol?

11. Nitric acid is produced when dinitrogen pentoxide gas reacts with water as indicated in the
following equation:

N2O5(g) + H2O(l) 2 HNO3(aq)

Find the heat of reaction (H) for this reaction using the information below.

2 H2(g) + O2(g) 2 H2O(l) H = -572 kJ

N2(g) + 3 O2(g) + H2(g) 2 HNO3(aq ) H = -348 kJ
2 N2(g) + 5 O2(g) 2 N2O5(g) H = +28 kJ

12. A solution is made by dissolving 0.50 mol of acetic acid (CH3COOH) in 2.00 L of water.

CH3COOH(aq) CH3COO(aq) + H+(aq)

The Ka of this system is 1.8  105.

13. Hypobromous acid (HOBr(aq))ionizes in water according to the following equation:

HOBr(aq)+ H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + OBr(aq)

 A student prepares a 0.085 mol/L solution of hypobromous acid and finds that the pH of this
solution is 4.6.

What is the acid ionization constant, Ka, for this acid?

Show all your work.

14. The fluoride ion can be toxic to humans. Fluoride ions can form a precipitate with calcium ions
in the blood, resulting in various health problems.

The solubility equilibrium for calcium fluoride, CaF2, is represented by the reaction below:

CaF2(s) Ca+2(aq) + 2F-(aq)Ksp = 3.9 x 10 -11

What is the concentration of fluoride ions in a saturated solution of calcium fluoride?

15. Silver sulfate, Ag2SO4, a sparingly soluble salt is an ionic compound used in silver plating. The
solubility equilibrium for silver sulfate is represented below:

Ag2SO4(s) 2 Ag+(aq) + SO42-(aq)

Given that its solubility product constant, Ksp, is 1.4 x 10 -5, determine the solubility in g/L of
Ag2SO4.