KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MEEP 427 – Mechatronics

VISIBILITY ENHANCER: Automated Defogging for Helmets

Prepared By:

AAYUSH GHIMIRE [41066]

ANUSUYA GHIMIRE [41067]

MANOJ POKHAREL [41080]

KAPIL THAPA [41086]

Submitted To:

Prof. Dr. Bim Shrestha

January 28, 2025

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our deepest gratitude goes to Prof. Dr. Bim Prasad Shrestha and Er Aashish Dawadi for providing
essential assistance as well as guidance throughout the development process of our mechatronics
mini project. His inspiring guidance together with his meaningful feedback plays a vital role in our
skill development and presentation abilities. Thanks to Prof. Dr. Bim Prasad Shrestha we received
exceptional opportunities to execute our concepts and build upon our learning by implementing
them in practice. Mr. Shrestha's mentorship delivered both better technical comprehension and
motivated us to aim high in prospective career developments. Mr. Shrestha continues giving his
tireless support which encourages our advancement and growth

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1

1.1. Background ..................................................................................................................... 1

1.2. Problem statement ........................................................................................................... 1

1.3. Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 2

1.4. Limitation........................................................................................................................ 2

2. LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................ 3

2.1. Literature Review............................................................................................................ 3

3. SYSTEM OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................... 5

3.1. Hardware component ...................................................................................................... 5

3.2. Software component ....................................................................................................... 6

4. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................. 7

4.1. Fog Detection Methods ................................................................................................... 7

4.2. Fog Removal Techniques ................................................................................................ 7

4.3. Technology Stack ............................................................................................................ 8

5. SELECTION OF COMPONENTS......................................................................................... 9

5.1. Overall Design Considerations ..................................................................................... 10

6. MECHANISM ...................................................................................................................... 12

6.1. Proposed Working Mechanism ..................................................................................... 12

7. APPENDIX ........................................................................................................................... 13

8. IMPLEMENTATION............................................................................................................ 19

9. CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................... 23

10. REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 24

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 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1:System Block Diagram ..................................................................................................... 5
Figure 2: Circuit Diagram ............................................................................................................. 13
Figure 3: Proposed Design of Helmet ........................................................................................... 14
Figure 4: General implementation of code in the circuit .............................................................. 19
Figure 5: Increasing humidity inside helmet ................................................................................ 20
Figure 6: Increasing temperature outside the helmet .................................................................... 21
Figure 7: Decreasing humidity and increasing temperature outside helmet ................................. 22

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 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1.Background
The collision of mechanical engineering with electronic systems and computational methodologies
enables solutions for addressing actual problems in multiple applications. Visual impairment due
to heavy fog stands as a critical concern requiring technological solutions starting with
transportation infrastructure and extending into other operational domains. The " VISIBILITY
ENHANCER: Automated Defogging for Helmets" is an automated system which detects fog
conditions to improve safety alongside operational efficiency.

In Nepal, especially during the winter months, fogging inside motorcycle helmets is a major safety
issue. When a rider breathes warm, moist air inside the helmet, the temperature difference between
the warm air and the cooler visor surface causes condensation on the visor. This fogging reduces
visibility, making it difficult for a rider to react to road hazards and increasing the chances of
accidents.

To address this, the proposed innovative solution is one using a hot air blowing fan together with
a DHT22 humidity and temperature sensor as well as a microcontroller to proactively manage the
helmet's inner climate. A DHT22 sensor constantly monitors humidity and temperature conditions
within the helmet to identify those likely to cause fogging. The microcontroller responds by
ordering the fan and heating element to blow air across the visor, thereby increasing its temperature
and eliminating fogging, if there is any humidity increase or probable temperature difference to
cause condensation. This solution helps to improve rider safety by ensuring clear visibility even in
cold climatic conditions so that the probability of accidents arising from poor visibility is reduced
[2].

1.2.Problem statement
The problem statement can be summarized as follows: Fogging on vehicle windshields is a major
safety concern, particularly in regions with high humidity or cold weather. Fog significantly
reduces visibility, increasing the likelihood of accidents. Traditional defogging methods, such as
manual adjustments of air conditioning or heating systems, are inefficient, require driver
intervention, and may not provide timely results. Existing advanced solutions, such as embedded
resistive heating wires or fully automated climate control systems, are often costly and energy-
intensive, making them less practical for widespread use.
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 1.3.Objectives
● To improve motorcyclist visibility by preventing helmet fogging using a blower system
● To identify the key components and system architecture for the proposed solution
● To provide recommendations for future research and prototyping

1.4.Limitation
While developing the conceptual framework for any system, the project has several limitations
that include:

● This project focuses solely on theoretical analysis and conceptual design without actual
development, testing, or prototyping.
● Assumes the availability and seamless integration of advanced technologies which may
have limitations in actual deployment.

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 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1.Literature Review
Helmet fogging poses a critical safety challenge for riders, particularly in cold climates like Nepal's
winters, where temperatures can drop to below 5°C, increasing the likelihood of condensation
inside helmets. According to a study published in the Journal of Transport and Health (2022),
reduced visibility due to fogging contributes to approximately 18% of motorcycle accidents in
cold-weather regions annually. This issue is exacerbated in Nepal, where motorbike riders account
for 60% of total vehicle ownership as per the Department of Transport Management Nepal (2023).

Several approaches have been explored to address these issues:

1. Anti-Fog Sprays and Wipes

Anti-fog sprays and wipes are commonly used to apply a transparent, hydrophilic coating on the
visor's interior. Studies show that they can reduce fogging by 70%-80% in normal humidity
conditions. However, their effectiveness decreases after 4-6 hours of use, especially in high-
humidity environments (>80%). Frequent reapplication and reduced performance in extreme cold
make this a less reliable solution for long-distance riders [3].

2. Pinlock Inserts

Pinlock inserts use a double-layer system to create an insulating air gap between the visor and the
insert, which effectively reduces condensation. Laboratory tests conducted by Pinlock showed a
90% reduction in fogging under controlled conditions at 5°C and 85% humidity. Despite their
efficiency, they are less accessible for riders in Nepal, where affordability is a key concern [4].

3. Improved Ventilation Systems

Enhanced ventilation by adding intake and exhaust vents or cracking open the visor reduces
internal humidity by allowing moisture to escape. This simple technique can reduce fogging by
approximately 50%-60%, but it comes with drawbacks like increased wind noise and exposure to
cold air, which are particularly uncomfortable for riders in sub-zero temperatures [5].

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4. Hydrophilic Coatings

Hydrophilic coatings cause water droplets to spread into a thin film, preventing the formation of
visible droplets. Research by Applied Coatings Journal (2021) reported a 75% improvement in
fog resistance using these coatings. However, wear-and-tear reduce effectiveness after about 6
months of use, requiring reapplication [6].

5. DIY Solutions

DIY methods, such as applying dish soap or baby shampoo, provide temporary anti-fog effects.
Anecdotal evidence suggests a 40%-50% reduction in fogging, but smearing and uneven
application limit usability. Riders also noted that effectiveness lasts only 1-2 hours in colder
climates.

6. Breath Deflectors

Breath deflectors direct exhaled air away from the visor. Studies by Motorcycle Safety Review
(2020) indicate a 60% reduction in fogging with this method. However, compatibility issues with
various helmet models and discomfort reported by 30% of users are notable limitations [7].

7. Heating Fans and Systems

Heating fans actively raise the visor's surface temperature above the dew point, addressing the root
cause of condensation. Testing conducted by Cold-Climate Mobility Innovations (2022) showed
that integrated heating fans reduced fogging by 95% at -5°C and 90% humidity. These systems,
while effective, are often costly, and require external power sources or rechargeable batteries.

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 3. SYSTEM OVERVIEW

Figure 1:System Block Diagram

The formation of heavy fog on windshields affects numerous drivers under humid and
temperature-transitional situations. Motor vehicle condensation develops after the windshield
surface's temperature contacts the humid air inside. The fog created by this condensation process
makes it virtually impossible to see through your windshield thus raising the potential for car
accidents. The current defogging procedures which need the driver to control air conditioning
settings and direct heated blower air toward the windshield prove to be actively manual methods.

The design of the Windshield Fog Detection and Removal System implements an architectural
framework uniting various hardware and software subsystems to manage its automated
mechanisms. This architecture comprises several key modules: Three main aspects of the
windscreen fog detection system operate in unison to make roads safer for drivers through clear
visibility capabilities.

3.1.Hardware component
i. DHT22 Sensors: Within the system's framework the DHT22 sensors function as critical
elements because they assess both external and internal vehicle temperature and humidity
conditions. The microcontroller gains precise weather assessment ability through the
continuous environmental data capture of these sensors.
ii. Microcontroller (Arduino/ESP32): The system depends on the microcontroller to control
its activities. The device receives DHT22 sensor data then performs humidity and

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 temperature analysis to detect current fogging condition status. The system can instantly
react to environmental condition changes through its real-time processing capabilities.
iii. Motor Controller: A motor controller works to control every aspect of motor operation
that powers the fan. Through speed and directional guidance, the controller enables the
motor to direct warm airflow precisely onto the windshield enabling efficient fog
elimination.
iv. Mini blower: Having power from the DC motor allows the fan to circulate warmed air
across the windshield. Following fog detection, the microcontroller triggers the motor to
run and remove condensation quickly.

3.2.Software component
Through its design the software architecture enables smooth integration of hardware components
together. Key functionalities include:

• Sensor Integration: Real-time tracking of vehicle conditions depends on the

microcontroller which consistently receives data from DHT22 sensors.
• Control Algorithm: A computer program runs the control algorithm which draws analysis
from detected sensor data. The algorithm becomes active to turn on the fan through the
motor controller when the humidity crosses the defined threshold while showing detectable
temperature differences.

This unified hardware-software design enables the Windshield Fog Detection and Removal System
to function independently while boosting visibility and decreasing driver mental demands.

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 4. METHODOLOGY
The Windshield Fog Detection and Removal System makes use of sensor-based detection methods
together with heat producing mechanisms to address and effectively remove any windshield fog.
This segment describes the detection and removal approaches for fog alongside the technical
components that power the project.

4.1.Fog Detection Methods

Fog detection using a DHT22 sensor is based on calculating the dew point from the temperature
and relative humidity data provided by the sensor. Fog forms when the air temperature drops close
to the dew point, leading to the condensation of water vapor into tiny droplets. The dew point can
be calculated using the Magnus formula:

𝑏 ⋅ 𝛾(𝑇, 𝑅𝐻)
𝑇dew =
𝑎 − 𝛾(𝑇, 𝑅𝐻)

Where:

𝑎⋅𝑇 𝑅𝐻
• 𝛾(𝑇, 𝑅𝐻) = 𝑏+𝑇 + ln⁡ (100)

• 𝑇 : Temperature in ⁡∘ C
• 𝑅𝐻 : Relative Humidity in %
• Constants 𝑎 and 𝑏 :
• 𝑎 = 17.62
• 𝑏 = 243.12 (for water)

When the temperature approaches the dew point and the relative humidity is near 100%, fog is
likely to form. This detection method can be implemented using a DHT22 sensor connected to a
microcontroller, enabling real-time monitoring and alerts for applications like weather monitoring,
road safety, and aviation.

4.2.Fog Removal Techniques

Several steps make up fog removal: defogging algorithms work alongside heating mechanisms
which control ventilation to remove condensation. When fog detection occurs the microcontroller
activates the motor controller to drive its DC motor which operates a fan to deliver heated airflow

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over the windshield. Evaporation of surface moisture on glass depends on an effective heating
mechanism to work correctly.

The defogging algorithms operate the motor system by processing data from real-time sensors.
When increased humidity persists beyond initial fogging the system employs limited fan speed
and duration adjustments to maintain proper removal performance. The ventilation control
function enhances this process by sustaining outside airflow that enables the system to balance
internal moisture levels when operative conditions permit.

4.3.Technology Stack
The technology stack for the Windshield Fog Detection and Removal System includes various
hardware and software components:

• Hardware Components: DHT22 Sensors: For temperature and humidity monitoring.

• Microcontroller (Arduino/ESP32): The system combines sensor data processing with
control algorithm execution.
• Motor Controller: The system controls both speed and operational sequence of the fan
motor.
• Blower: For directing warm air onto the windshield.
• Software Tools:
• Programming Environment: Using Arduino IDE together with similar programming
software users can develop microcontroller code.

An integrated approach using monitoring and mechanical system measures delivers an all-
encompassing solution for windshield fogging prevention which delivers enhanced driving safety.

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 5. SELECTION OF COMPONENTS
The following outlines the materials and considerations for each key component:

1. DHT22 Sensor

• Purpose: The DHT22 sensor measures temperature and humidity levels inside the helmet
to detect fogging conditions.
• Material Composition:
o Sensor Body: Made from durable plastic or polymer to protect the internal circuitry
and ensure lightweight construction.
o Sensing Element: Uses capacitive and resistive materials for precise measurement
of humidity and temperature.
• Material Criteria:
o Corrosion resistance to withstand sweat and moisture within the helmet.
o Lightweight to avoid adding unnecessary weight to the helmet.
o Compact size for easy integration into the system.

2. Arduino Microcontroller

• Purpose: Acts as the central processing unit to interpret sensor data and control the
defogging mechanism.
• Material Composition:
o PCB (Printed Circuit Board): Made of fiberglass-reinforced epoxy resin (FR4)
for mechanical stability and electrical insulation.
o Electronic Components: Comprise copper for electrical conductivity and silicon
for the microprocessor.
• Material Criteria:
o High thermal stability to prevent overheating during prolonged use.
o Durable and resistant to vibration or impact inside the helmet.
o Low power consumption to ensure the system is energy efficient.

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3. Motor Controller

• Purpose: Controls the speed and operation of the mini blower based on signals from the
Arduino.
• Material Composition:
o PCB: Same as the Arduino, typically made of FR4.
o Components: Include copper wiring and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect
transistors (MOSFETs) for efficient control.
• Material Criteria:
o Heat-resistant components to handle current fluctuations during motor operation.
o Compact design for seamless integration.
o Reliability to ensure continuous and smooth operation of the blower.

4. Mini Blower

• Purpose: Circulates air inside the helmet to remove fog buildup and improve visibility.
• Material Composition:
o Housing: Typically made from lightweight and impact-resistant ABS plastic or
polycarbonate.
o Fan Blades: Made of reinforced plastic or aluminum for durability and efficient
airflow.
o Motor: Composed of copper windings and magnetic materials (e.g., neodymium
magnets) for high performance.
• Material Criteria:
o Lightweight to maintain helmet ergonomics.
o Low noise operation to avoid distracting the user.
o Robust and moisture-resistant to function effectively in humid conditions.

5.1.Overall Design Considerations

• Weight: All materials are selected to minimize the system's weight, ensuring user comfort.
• Durability: Materials must withstand long-term exposure to humidity, temperature
variations, and mechanical vibrations.

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 • Compactness: The system components are chosen to occupy minimal space within the
helmet without obstructing the user's field of vision.
• Energy Efficiency: Components like the motor and Arduino are selected to operate with
low power requirements, enhancing battery life.

The integration of these materials and components results in a reliable, user-friendly, and efficient
defogging system tailored for helmet applications [8].

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 6. MECHANISM
6.1.Proposed Working Mechanism
1. DHT22 Sensors:

• Two DHT22 temperature and humidity sensors are used to measure environmental
conditions.

• They send data to the microcontroller for processing.

2. Microcontroller:

• Acts as the central control unit.

• Receives temperature and humidity data from the DHT22 sensors.

• Controls the heating element and airflow based on the sensor readings.

3. Heating Element:

• Controlled directly by the microcontroller.

• Provides heat for the hot air blower.

4. Stepper Motor (via A4988 driver):

• The A4988 stepper motor driver controls a stepper motor that likely adjusts airflow
direction or intensity.

• The microcontroller sends signals to the A4988, which then controls the stepper motor.

5. Hot Air Blower:

• A combination of the heating element and stepper motor forms the hot air blower
system.

• The heating element generates hot air, and the stepper motor might control airflow or
positioning.

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 7. APPENDIX
Circuit Diagram:

Figure 2: Circuit Diagram

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Figure 3: Proposed Design of Helmet

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Code:

// Libraries
#include <DHT.h>

// Constants
#define DHTPIN1 12 // Pin for the first DHT sensor (inside)
#define DHTPIN2 13 // Pin for the second DHT sensor (outside)
#define DHTTYPE DHT22 // DHT sensor type

// Stepper motor setup

#define DIR 6 // Direction pin
#define STEP 7 // Step pin
#define STEPS_PER_REV 200 // Steps per revolution
float thres = 2.0; // Threshold between dewpoint and ambient temperature

// Constants for motor speed control

const int minDelay = 2000; // Minimum delay in microseconds (slow speed)
const int maxDelay = 500; // Maximum delay in microseconds (fast speed)
const float maxThreshold = 5.0; // Maximum threshold in °C

// Initialize DHT sensors

DHT dht1(DHTPIN1, DHTTYPE); // Inside sensor
DHT dht2(DHTPIN2, DHTTYPE); // Outside sensor

// Variables
float hum1, temp1; // Humidity and temperature inside
float hum2, temp2; // Humidity and temperature outside

// Function to calculate dew point

float calculateDewPoint(float temp, float hum) {
const float a = 17.62;
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 const float b = 243.5; // °C

// Calculate alpha(T, RH)

float alpha = (a * temp) / (b + temp) + log(hum / 100.0);

// Calculate dew point

return (b * alpha) / (a - alpha);
}

// Function to map threshold to motor speed (delay)

int calculateMotorDelay(float threshold) {
// Ensure threshold is within bounds
if (threshold < 0.1) threshold = 0.1; // Avoid division by zero or extremely fast speeds
if (threshold > maxThreshold) threshold = maxThreshold;

// Inverse proportional mapping (lower threshold -> higher speed)

return map(threshold * 100, maxThreshold * 100, 0, minDelay, maxDelay);
}

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
dht1.begin();
dht2.begin();

// Initialize stepper motor pins

pinMode(DIR, OUTPUT);
pinMode(STEP, OUTPUT);

// Set initial motor direction

digitalWrite(DIR, HIGH);
}

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void loop() {
// Read data from both DHT sensors
hum1 = dht1.readHumidity();
temp1 = dht1.readTemperature();
hum2 = dht2.readHumidity();
temp2 = dht2.readTemperature();

// Calculate dew points

float dewPointInside = calculateDewPoint(temp1, hum1);
float dewPointOutside = calculateDewPoint(temp2, hum2);

// Calculate thresholds
float thresholdInside = abs(temp1 - dewPointInside);
float thresholdOutside = abs(temp2 - dewPointOutside);

// Print values to the serial monitor

Serial.print("Inside - Humidity: ");
Serial.print(hum1);
Serial.print(" %, Temp: ");
Serial.print(temp1);
Serial.print(" °C, Dew Point: ");
Serial.println(dewPointInside);

Serial.print("Outside - Humidity: ");

Serial.print(hum2);
Serial.print(" %, Temp: ");
Serial.print(temp2);
Serial.print(" °C, Dew Point: ");
Serial.println(dewPointOutside);

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 Serial.print("Threshold Inside: ");
Serial.println(thresholdInside);
Serial.print("Threshold Outside: ");
Serial.println(thresholdOutside);

// Determine effective threshold

float effectiveThreshold = min(thresholdInside, thresholdOutside);
int motorDelay = calculateMotorDelay(effectiveThreshold);

// Fog detection logic

if (effectiveThreshold <= thres) { // Fog or high humidity detected
Serial.println("Fog detected! Running motor...");

// Run motor continuously in one direction

digitalWrite(DIR, HIGH); // Set direction
digitalWrite(STEP, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(motorDelay);
digitalWrite(STEP, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(motorDelay);
} else {
Serial.println("No fog detected. Motor stopped.");
}

delay(10); // Delay for sensor stability

}

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 8. IMPLEMENTATION

Figure 4: General implementation of code in the circuit

In the first case, the dewpoint calculated inside is 9.54 degrees Celsius and dewpoint calculated outside is -21.25 degrees Celsius. Both
the dewpoints (inside and outside) do not fall within the threshold range, i.e. |dewpoint – temperature| >= 2 degrees Celsius. So, no fog
is detected inside and outside on the inner and outer side of the visor. So, the motor is not active. Stepper Motor here models the motor
inside the hot air blower.

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 Figure 5: Increasing humidity inside helmet
In the Second case, the dewpoint calculated inside is 23.49 degrees Celsius and the dewpoint calculated outside is -21.25 degrees Celsius.
The dewpoint inside does fall within the threshold range, i.e. |dewpoint – temperature| (absolute) <= 2 degrees Celsius. So, fog is detected
inside on the inner side of the visor. So, the motor is active, indicating the Defog mechanism is active.

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 Figure 6: Increasing temperature outside the helmet
Similarly, the dew point inside, and outside are 23.49 and 61.15 with 97 and 95 % humidity respectively where the threshold i.e.
|dewpoint – temperature| (absolute) <= 2 indicating fog formation and the defogging mechanism is active indicated by the stepper motor
based hot air compressor.

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 Figure 7: Decreasing humidity and increasing temperature outside helmet
When the humidity inside the helmet decreases after the work done by blower hot air is noted by sensor and the motor stops and the
loop continues.

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 9. Cost estimation

S. N Component Quantity Price (Nepalese rupee)

1 Arduino 1 1000

2 DHT22 2 700

3 motor controller 1 600

4 stepper motor 1 1600

5 power supply 1 1000

6 heating element 1 200

7 mini fan 1 100

Total 5200

1. CONCLUSION
The project on the "Visibility Enhancer: Automated Defogging for Helmets" demonstrates a
comprehensive approach to addressing the critical issue of helmet fogging, particularly in cold and
humid climates. By integrating sensors, microcontrollers, and heating mechanisms, the proposed
system efficiently monitors and mitigates fog formation to ensure clear visibility for riders.
Through the innovative use of DHT22 sensors and a microcontroller-driven blower system, the
design prioritizes safety and usability, reducing the risk of accidents caused by impaired vision.
While the theoretical framework and conceptual design present a promising solution, further
development, prototyping, and testing will be essential to validate its real-world effectiveness. This
project serves as a foundation for future research and development, emphasizing the importance
of cost-effective and energy-efficient technologies for enhanced rider safety and convenience

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 2. REFERENCES
[1] K. Mehta, V. M. Sood, M. Sharma, and M. Dhiman, “An IoT-Based Approach for Visibility
Enhancement and Fog Detection,” Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol. 1001
LNEE, pp. 255–266, 2023, doi: 10.1007/978-981-19-9876-8_20.

[2] R. C. Miclea, V. I. Ungureanu, F. D. Sandru, and I. Silea, “Visibility Enhancement and Fog
Detection: Solutions Presented in Recent Scientific Papers with Potential for Application to
Mobile Systems,” Sensors 2021, Vol. 21, Page 3370, vol. 21, no. 10, p. 3370, May 2021,
doi: 10.3390/S21103370.

[3] “Global Anti fog Wipes Market Report 2025 Edition, Market Size, Share, CAGR, Forecast,
Revenue.” Accessed: Jan. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available:
https://www.cognitivemarketresearch.com/anti-fog-wipes-market-report

[4] “Pinlock - Anti-fog inserts for your helmet.” Accessed: Jan. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available:
https://pinlock.com/

[5] B. S. Shishodia, S. Sanghi, and P. Mahajan, “Redesigning of motorcycle helmet for

improved air ventilation using numerical simulations,” Lecture Notes in Mechanical
Engineering, pp. 625–635, 2017, doi: 10.1007/978-81-322-2743-4_60.

[6] H. Zhang, J. Zhu, B. Wang, J. Xia, K. Fu, and J. Han, “The Incorporation of Nano-MoSi2
Particles into a Black PEO Coating on Ti Alloy and Its Corrosion Performance,” Coatings,
vol. 15, no. 2, p. 145, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.3390/COATINGS15020145.

[7] “Breath deflectors for motorcycle helmets - Spare parts Visors for motorcycle helmets -
AGV (Official Website).” Accessed: Jan. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available:
https://www.agv.com/us/en/accessories/breath-deflectors/

[8] “components for fog detection - Search.” Accessed: Jan. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available:
https://www.bing.com/search?q=components+for+fog+detection&cvid=11163de8f9c3440
fb45b2a8f4434712e&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOdIBCTExMDQ
yajBqNKgCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&adppc=EDGEXST&PC=NMTS

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