TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC TẾ HỒNG BÀNG
HONG BANG INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
LARYNGITIS
Lecturer
TIN TRONG NGUYEN LE
Otorhinolaryngologist, MD, MSc
HONG BANG
INTERNATIONAL
UNIVERSITY
OBJECTIVE
Presenting the causes of acute and
1
chronic laryngitis
Symptomatic description of the clinical
2
forms of laryngitis
Presenting the principles of laryngitis
3
treatment
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OVERVIEW
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Acute laryngitis common in children and often accompanied by
acute upper respiratory tract inflammation.
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ACUTE LARYNGITIS
❖ Pathogens
• Common viruses: influenzae (flu), APC…
• Bacterium: [Link], Hemophilus influenzae
• Diphtheria bacilli: rare today
❖ Favorable factors
• After an episode of respiratory tract inflammation
• Use of exertion: talking a lot, shouting, singing
• Diabetes in the elderly
• Substance use: alcohol, beer…
• Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR)
• Allergy
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ACUTE LARYNGITIS – CLINICAL
Systemic Symptoms Signs
• Atypical • Hoarseness, • Throat
• Fever, chills, cough. examination:
fatigue • In children, red throat
hoarseness mucosa,
and shortness swollen tonsils
of breath, • Laryngeal
stridor may examination:
occur edema of the
mucous
membrane,
redness in the
vocal area,
vestibular
larynx
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ACUTE LARYNGITIS – CLASSIFICATION
CHILDREN ADULT
Subglottic laryngitis Exudative
Spasmodic laryngitis Edematous
Epiglottitis Ulcerative
Diphtheritic laryngitis Phlegmonous
Necrotic
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SUBGLOTTIC LARYNGITIS
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• Mainly children 1 – 3 years old
• Usually occurs at night in children
with rhinopharyngitis.
• Laryngeal dyspnea
• Hoarseness.
• Coughing hoarsely like a "barking dog".
• The whole body is still good, the fever is moderate
(38 - 38.50C) the baby is still playing and playing.
• Not difficult to swallow. 8
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SPASMODIC LARYNGITIS
• Inflammation, edema of the hypopharynx
• Laryngeal spasms causing episodes of dyspnea from
midnight to early morning.
• Episodes of dyspnea, stridor, hoarse voice
• Barking cough, retraction of respiratory muscles,
intercostal muscles
• No fever
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EPIGLOTTITIS
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• Swollen epiglottitis,
• Painful swallowing
• Severe dyspnea, worsens when lying down, increased secretions,
neck leaning forward
• Bacteria in saliva, commonly Hemophilus influenzae 10
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DIPHTHERITIC LARYNGITIS
• Due to Loeffler bacteria
• Laryngeal edema and ulcers
with white pseudo-membranes,
tough, adherent, obstruction
the airway.
• Hoarseness
• Severe laryngeal dyspnea
• Endotoxin Shock
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ACUTE LARYNGITIS IN ADULT
• Pure edema, funnel
• Fever, prolonged fatigue
cartilage back
• Larygeal examination:
• Swallowing pain
submucosal hemorrhage
• Shortness of breath
point
sometimes
Exudative Edematous
• Voice changes little
Phlegmono- Ulcerative
us
• High fever, emaciated face. • Shallow ulcers, red
• Difficulty swallowing, sore shores
throat, throbbing in the ears • Funnel cartilage and
• Hoarse/ completely lost vandal cartilage with
• Stridor
edema
• The anterior area of
laryngeal is inflamed,
swollen, and painful
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ACUTE LARYNGITIS IN
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ADULT
Necrostic
• Inflamed and necrotic cartilage membranes,
loose connective tissues in the neck that are
inflamed, hardened or purulent
• The patient has difficulty speaking, painful
swallowing and shortness of breath
• The larynx is swollen and covered with
pseudomembranes.
• Severe systemic symptoms: rapid weak pulse,
shallow rapid breathing, low blood pressure,
urine containing albumin.
• Prognosis is very poor, often fatal due to
bronchitis and cardiovascular collapse.
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ACUTE LARYNGITIS – TREATMENT
No shortness of Have Shortness of
breath breath
• Abstain from speaking,
avoid the cold.
• Antibiotics, anti- Grade I: Internal
inflammatory, Medicine, Monitoring
antihistamine H1,
expectorant, cough
suppressant Grade II: Emergency
• Topical treatment: tracheostomy
Corticosteroids, anti-
inflammatory yeast,
essential oils Grade III: Emergency
• Improve resistance and tracheostomy + ICU
nutrition
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ACUTE LARYNGITIS – PREVENTION
❖ Progression – Complications
• Acute laryngitis in adults is not dangerous, has
a recover well
• Acute laryngitis in children must be monitored
closely because it can easily cause laryngeal
dyspnea → life-threatening.
❖ Prevention
• Keep your child warm
• Avoid overusing the voice in adults
• Avoid direct contact with individuals with upper
respiratory inflammation (influenza)
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CHRONIC LARYNGITIS
❖ Favorable factors
• Voice abuse: loud, frequent, strenuous
• Respiratory diseases: sinusitis, pharyngitis,
tonsillitis
• Smoking cigarettes, pipe tobacco, chemicals
• Humid climate, sudden temperature changes
• GERD
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CHRONIC LARYNGITIS – CLINICAL
SYMPTOMS SIGNS
• Voice changes: • Accumulated
hoarseness, mucus, red
clearing congested vocal
• Dry cough in the cords, → the rod is
morning. overloaded, round
• Dry, itchy, spicy like a rope, the
sensation in the mucous membrane
larynx is red.
• Excessive
ventricular bandage
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CHRONIC LARYNGITIS – DEFINITIVE DIAGNOSIS
Pharyngeal -
laryngeal
mucosa
secreting
mucus.
Hoarseness
for more
than 3
weeks, dry Vocal cords are
cough thickened, lack luster,
sometimes with
serrated edges,
prominent blood
vessels, congestion,
and may have fibrous
nodules.
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CHRONIC LARYNGITIS– CLASSIFICATION
Edema Reinke Vocal cord Nodule
• Inflammatory fluid • A small tumor with a
accumulates and diameter of 1 mm, located
stiffens the vocal at the free edge of the
cords vocal cord at the junction
• Heavy, prolonged, of the anterior third and
increasing middle third of both vocal
hoarseness cords.
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CHRONIC LARYNGITIS
– DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
❖ Tumors in the larynx
• Cyst
• Polyp
• Papilloma
• Cancer
❖ Regression nerve palsy: appears suddenly,
slowly, choking on fluid into the lungs, severe
hoarseness, loss of voice
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CHRONIC LARYNGITIS – TREATMENT
❖ Treatment principles
• Limiting the use of voice
• Local, systemic: anti-inflammatory, relieves
edema Corticoids, anti-inflammatory yeast
• Nests of nasopharyngeal inflammation,
sinusitis, GERD
• Vocal Therapy
• Surgery when internal treatment is not effective
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PREVENTION PROGRESSION AND
COMPLICATIONS
Treatment acute laryngitis
Treatment rhinosinusitis Vocal cord nodule
Avoid exposure to toxins Carcinogenesis
Use your voice properly
CHRONIC
Change your voice
Resting the voice LARYNGITIS
Habitat sanitation
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CONCLUCSION
Acute laryngitis is a very common and self-limiting disease,
1 with a sudden onset and a course of less than 3 weeks.
Clinical manifestations depend on the cause, degree of
2 inflammation, age, immune system
Chronic laryngitis is a chronic inflammation of the vocal
3 cords pro-long within more than 3 weeks
The main treatment is to limit the use of voice, anti-
4 inflammatory, reduce edema, and voice training therapy
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REFERENCES
1. Department of ENT (2019). ENT textbook. Can Tho University of
Medicine and Pharmacy.
2. Department of ENT (2024). University ENT textbook. Pham Ngoc
Thach University of Medicine.
3. Department of ENT (2021). University teaching ENT textbook. Ho
Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy.
4. Nhan Trung Son (2016). Introduction to ENT. Medical Publishing
House, Ho Chi Minh City.
5. Nhan Trung Son (2018). ENT, volumes 1-2. Medical Publishing
House.
6. Bailey Byron J. (2006). Head & Neck Surgery Otolaryngology Vol 1.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
7. Bailey Byron J. (2006). Head & Neck Surgery Otolaryngology Vol 2.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 31
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC TẾ HỒNG BÀNG
HONG BANG INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
THANK
YOU!
TIN TRONG NGUYEN LE, MD, MSC
Email: tinlnt@[Link]
