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Classification Notes

Classification is a supervised learning technique in data mining used to predict categorical class labels from past observations. The process involves training on labeled data, testing on unseen data, and evaluating performance using metrics like accuracy and F1-score. Common algorithms include Decision Trees, Naïve Bayes, k-NN, SVM, and Neural Networks, with applications in areas such as spam detection and medical diagnosis.

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12 views1 page

Classification Notes

Classification is a supervised learning technique in data mining used to predict categorical class labels from past observations. The process involves training on labeled data, testing on unseen data, and evaluating performance using metrics like accuracy and F1-score. Common algorithms include Decision Trees, Naïve Bayes, k-NN, SVM, and Neural Networks, with applications in areas such as spam detection and medical diagnosis.

Uploaded by

jyoti_khandelwal19
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Detailed Notes on Classification in Data Mining

1. What is Classification?
Classification is a data mining technique used to predict the categorical class labels of new
instances based on past observations. It is a type of supervised learning, where the target variable
is categorical (discrete values). 2. Classification Process:
- Training Phase: The algorithm learns from a labeled dataset.
- Testing Phase: The trained model is tested with unseen data to predict labels.
- Evaluation: Accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score are used to evaluate model performance.
3. Common Classification Algorithms:
a. Decision Trees (ID3, C4.5, CART):
- Uses a tree-like structure where internal nodes represent tests on attributes.
- Leaves represent class labels.
- Easy to interpret and visualize.
b. Naïve Bayes:
- Based on Bayes’ Theorem and assumes feature independence.
- Fast and effective for large datasets and text classification.
c. k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN):
- Instance-based learning technique.
- Classifies based on the majority class of k-nearest neighbors.
d. Support Vector Machines (SVM):
- Finds the optimal hyperplane that separates data into different classes.
- Effective in high-dimensional spaces.
e. Neural Networks:
- Consists of input, hidden, and output layers.
- Learns complex patterns and is the foundation of deep learning.
4. Applications of Classification:
- Email spam detection.
- Medical diagnosis (e.g., cancer detection).
- Credit scoring.
- Image and speech recognition.
- Customer segmentation.
5. Advantages of Classification:
- Handles both binary and multi-class problems.
- Wide variety of algorithms available.
- High accuracy with proper tuning.
6. Challenges in Classification:
- Imbalanced datasets.
- Noisy or missing data.
- Overfitting (model too complex).
- Underfitting (model too simple).
7. Model Evaluation Metrics:
- Accuracy: Correct predictions / total predictions.
- Precision: True Positives / (True Positives + False Positives).
- Recall (Sensitivity): True Positives / (True Positives + False Negatives).
- F1-Score: Harmonic mean of precision and recall.
- Confusion Matrix: Tabular summary of prediction results.

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