Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal. Department of Mechanical Engineering Subject: Engineering Graphics Subject Code: BT 105 Sheet No.1 Scales Q.1 Draw a scale of 1:60 to show meters and decimeters and long enough to measure up to 6 meters? Q.2 A room of 1728 m3 volume is shown by a cube of 216 cm3 volume. Find R.F. and construct a plain scale to measure upto 30 m. Mark a distance of 22 m on the scale. Q.3 An area of 144 sq cm on a map represents an area of 36 sq km on the field. Find the RF. of the scale for this map and draw a diagonal scale to show kilometer, hectometer and decameter and to measure up to 6 km. Indicate on a scale a distance of 4 kilometer, 5 hectometer and 6 decameter. Q44 The area of a field is 50,000 sq m. The length and the breadth of the field, on the map is 10 cm and 8 cm respectively. Construct a diagonal scale which can read upto one metre. Mark the length of 235 metre on the scale. What is the R.F. of the scale? Q.5 Draw a vernier scale of R.F.=1/25 to read centimeters upto 4 metres and on it, show lengths representing 2.39 m and 0.91 m. Q.6 Construct a scale of chords showing 5° divisions and with its aid set-off angles of 25°, 40°, 55° and 130°, Q7 The distance between Bombay and Poona is 180 km. A passenger train covers this distance in 6 hours. Construct a plain scale to measure time upto a single minute. The R.F. of the scale is 1/200000, Find the distance covered by the train in 36 minutes. © seamed vith one SeamerLakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal. Department of Mechanical Engineering Subject: Engineering Graphics Subject Code: BT 105 Sheet No.2 Conies QI. Draw a straight line AB of any length. Mark a point F, 65 mm from AB. Trace the paths of a point P moving in such a way, that the ratio of its distance from the point F, to its distance from AB is (i) 1; (ii) 3:2; (iii) 2:3. Plot at least 8 points. Name each curve. Draw a normal and a tangent to each curve at a point on it, 50 mm from F Q2. The major axis of an ellipse is 150 mm long and the minor axis is 100 mm long. Find the foci and draw the ellipse by ‘arcs of circles’ method. Draw a tangent to the ellipse at a point on it 25 mm above the major axis. Q.3 The foci of an ellipse are 80 mm apart and minor axis is 60 mm long. determine the length of major axis and draw half ellipse by concentric circles method and other half by oblong method. Q4 A fountain jet discharges water from ground level at an inclination of 45° to the ground. The jet travels a horizontal distance of 7.5 meters from the point of discharge and falls on the ground. Trace the path of jet. Name the curve. Q5A ball thrown up in the air reaches a maximum height of 45 metres and travels a horizontal distance of 75 metres. Trace the path of the ball, assuming it to be parabolic. Q6 A point P is 30 mm and 50 mm respectively from two straight lines which are at right angles to each other. Draw a rectangular hyperbola from P within 10 mm distance from each line. Q.7 Two points A and B are 50 mm apart. Draw the curve traced out by a point P moving in such a way that the difference between its distances from A and B is always constant and equal to 20 mm. Draw tangent and normal at any point on that curve. © seamed vith one SeamerLakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal. Department of Mechanical Engineering Subject: Engineering Graphics Subject Code: BT 105 Sheet No.3 Special Curves Q. A coin of 35 mm diameter rolls over dinning table without slipping. A point on the circumference of the coin is in contact with the table surface in the beginning and after one complete revolution. Draw the curve traced by the point. Draw a tangent and a normal at any point on the curve. Q.2 A circle of 50 mm diameter rolls on the circumference of another circle of 175 mm diameter and outside it. Trace the locus of a point on the circumference of the rolling circle for one complete revolution. Name the curve. Draw a tangent and a normal to the curve at a point 125 mm from the centre of the directing circle. Q3 Construct a hypocycloid, rolling circle 50 mm diameter and directing circle 175 mm diameter. Draw a tangent to it at a point 50 mm from the centre of the directing circle Q.4 Draw an involute of a circle of 40 mm diameter. Also, draw a normal and a tangent to it at a point 100 mm from the centre of the circle. Q.5 Draw the path traced out by a point on a circumference of circle when it rolls, without slip, on vertical surface, for the distance equal to the perimeter of the circle of diameter of 40 mm. © seamed vith one SeamerLakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal. Department of Mechanical Engineering Subject: Engineering Graphics Subject Code: BT 105 Sheet No. 4 Projections of Points & Straight Lines QA point P is 15 mm above the H.P. and 20 mm in front of the V.P. Another point Q is 25 mm behind the V.P. and 40 mm below the H.P. Draw projections of P and Q keeping the distance between their projectors equal to 90 mm. Draw straight lines joining (i) their top views and (ii) their front views. Q.2 A point 30 mm above xy line is the plan-view of two points P and Q. The elevation of P is 45 mm above the H.P. while that of the point Q is 35 mm below the H.P. Draw the projections of the points and state their position with reference to the principal planes and the quadrant in which they lie. Q3 A point P is in the first quadrant. Its shortest distance from the intersection point of H.P., V.P. and Auxiliary vertical plane, perpendicular to the H.P. and V.P. is 70 mm and it is equidistant from principal planes (H.P. and V.P.). Draw the projections of the point and determine its distance from the H.P. and V.P. Q4 A line CD, 80 mm long is inclined at 45° to H.P.and 30° to the V.P. its end C is in H.P.and 40 mm in front of V.P. Draw the projections. Q.SA line AB, 90 mm long is inclined at 30° to the H.P. Its end A is 12 mm above the H.P. and 20 mm in front of the V.P. Its front view measures 65 mm. Draw the top view of AB and determine its inclination with the V.P. Q.6 A line AB, 90 mm long, is inclined at 45° to the H.P. and its top view makes an angle of 60° with the V.P. The end A is in the H.P. and 12 mm in front of the V.P. Draw its front view and find its true inclination with the V.P. © seamed vith one SeamerLakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal. Department of Mechanical Engineering Subject: Engineering Graphics Subject Code: BT 105 Sheet No. 5 Projections of Straight Lines Q.1 A fine PQ 100 mm long, is inclined at 30° to the H.P. and at 45° to the V.P. Its mid-point is in the V.P. and 20 mm above the H.P. Draw its projections, if its end P is in the third quadrant and Q in the first quadrant. Q.2 The projectors of the ends of a ine AB are 50 mm apart. The end A is 20 mm above the H.P. and 30 mm in front of the V.P. The end B is 70 mm below the H.P. and 40 mm behind the V.P. Determine the true length and traces of AB, and its inclinations with the two planes. Q.3 A line AB, inclined at 40° to the V.P., has its ends 50 mm and 20 mm above the H.P. The length of its front view is 65 mm and its V.T. is 10 mm above the H.P. Determine the true length of AB, its inclination with the H.P. and its H. T. Q4 An object 0 is placed 1.2 m above the ground and in the centre of a room 4.2 m x 3.6 m x 3.6 mhigh. Determine graphically its distance from one of the corners between the roof and two adjacent walls. Scale, 10 mm = 0.5 m. Q.5 475 mm long line AB has its end A15 mm above the H.P. and 20 mm in front of the V.P. The front and top views are 45 mm and 60 mm long, respectively. Draw the projections of line AB and determine its true inclinations with the reference planes. Q.6 The distance between the end projectors of a line AB is 70 mm and the projectors through the traces are 110 mm apart. The end of a line is 10 mm above HP. If the top view and the front view of the line make 30° and 60° with xy line respectively, draw the projections of the line and determine (i) the traces, (ii) the angles with the H.P. and the V.P., (iii) the true length of the line. Assume that the line is in the first quadrant. © seamed vith one SeamerLakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal. Department of Mechanical Engineering Subject: Engineering Graphics Subject Code: BT 105 Sheet No. 6 Projections of Planes QL. A square ABCD of 50 mm side has its comer A in the HLP., its diagonal AC inclined at 30° to the H.P. and the diagonal BD inclined at 45° to the V.P. and parallel to the H.P. Draw its projections. Q.2. Draw the projections of a regular hexagon of 25 mm side, having one of its sides in the H.P. and inclined at 60° to the V.P., and its surface making an angle of 45° with the HP. Q.3. Draw the projections of a circle of 50 mm diameter resting in the H.P. on a point A on the circumference, its plane inclined at 45° to the H.P. and (a) the top view of the diameter AB making 30° angle with the V.P.; (b) the diameter AB making 30° angle with the V. P. Q.4. A rhombus having diagonals 100 mm and 40 mm long. It is resting on H.P. with one of its bigger diagonal end, which is 30° inclined to H.P. and smaller diagonal is parallel to both the planes. Draw the projections. Q.5. Draw the projections of a regular pentagonal plane resting 10 mm above the HP. The plane is 45° inclined to the HP and one of its sides is parallel to both the planes. © seamed vith one SeamerLakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal. Department of Mechanical Engineering Subject: Engineering Graphics Subject Code: BT 105 Sheet No. 7 Projections of Solids Q 1. A tetrahedron of 5 cm long edges is resting on the H.P. on one of its faces, with an edge of that face parallel to the V.P. Q. 2. Draw the projections of a pentagonal prism, base 25mm side and axis 50mm long, resting on one of its rectangular faces on the HP, with the axis inclined at 45° to the vp. Q. 3. Draw the projections of a cone, base 75 mm diameter and axis 100 mm long, lying on the H-P. on one of its generators with the axis parallel to the V.P. Q.4. A square pyramid, base 38 mm side and axis 50 mm long, is freely suspended from one of the comers of its base. Draw its projections, when the axis as a vertical plane makes an angle of 45° with the V.P. When a pyramid is suspended freely from a corner of its base, the imaginary line joining that corner with the centre of gravity of the pyramid will be vertical. Q.5. Draw the projections of a cube of 25 mm long edges resting on the H.P on one of its comers with a solid diagonal perpendicular to the V.P. Q.6. Acylinder of 40 mm diameter and axis 60 mm high is resting on HP with one of its base circumferential points. The axis of cylinder is 30° inclined to the VP and 45° inclined to the HP. Draw the projections. © seamed vith one SeamerLakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal. Department of Mechanical Engineering Subject: Engineering Graphics Subject Code: BT 105 Sheet No. 8 Sections of Solid Q 1. Acube of 35 mm long edges is resting on the H.P. on one of its faces with a vertical face inclined at 30° to the V.P. It is cut by a section plane parallel to the V.P. and 9 mm away from the axis and further away from the V.P. Draw its sectional front view and the top view. Q.2. A square pyramid, base 40 mm side and axis 65 mm long, has its base on the H.P. and all the edges of the base equally inclined to the V.P. It is cut by a section plane, perpendicular to the V.P., inclined at 45° to the H.P. and bisecting the axis. Draw its sectional top view, sectional side view and true shape of the section. Q.3. Acylinder of 40 mm diameter, 60 mm height and having its axis vertical, is cut by a section plane, perpendicular to the V.P., inclined at 45° to the H.P. and intersecting the axis 32 mm above the base. Draw its front view, sectional top view, sectional side view and true shape of the section. Q.4. A square prism, base 40 mm side, axis 80 mm long, has its base on the H.P. and its faces equally inclined to the V.P. It is cut by a plane, perpendicular to the V.P., inclined at 60° to the H.P. and passing through a point on the axis, 55 mm above the HP. Draw its front view, sectional top view and another top view on an A.LP. parallel to the section plane. Q.5. A cone, diameter of base 50 mm and axis 50 mm long is resting on its base on the HP. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to the V.P., inclined at 75° to the H.P. and passing through the apex. Draw its front view, sectional top view and true shape of the section. © seamed vith one SeameraT 2) Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal. Department of Mechanical Engineering Subject: Engineering Graphics Subject Code: BT 105 Sheet No. 9 Development of Surfaces Q. 1. Draw the projections of a cone resting on the ground on its base and show on them, the shortest path by which a point B starting from a point on the circumference of the base and moving around the cone will return to the same point. Base of cone 61 mm diameter; axis 75 mm long. Q.2. A hexagonal prism, edge of base 20 mm and axis 50 mm long, rests with its base on HP such that one of its rectangular faces is parallel to V.P. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to V.P, inclined at 45° to H.P and passing through the right comer of the top face of the prism. Draw the sectional top view and develop the lateral surface of the truncated prism. Q.3. A pentagonal pyramid, side of base 30 mm and height 60 mm, stands with its base on H.P and an edge of the base is parallel to V.P. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to V.P, inclined at 40° to H.P and passing through a point on the axis, 32 m above the base. Draw the sectional top view and develop the lateral surface of the truncated pyramid. Q. 4. Draw the development of the lateral surface of a cylinder of diameter 50 mm and axis 70 mm when sectioned by a plane inclined at 40° to HP and perpendicular to VP and bisecting axis. Q.5. Draw a semicircle Of 100 mm diameter and inscribe in it a largest circle. If the semicircle is development of a cone and inscribed circle is some curve on it, then draw the projections of cone showing that curve. Q.6. Draw the development of following solid SD © seamed vith one Seameroy Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal. Department of Mechanical Engineering Subject: Engineering Graphics Subject Code: BT 105 Sheet No. 10 Isometric Projections QL. A square pyramid rests centrally over a cylindrical block. Draw the isometric projection of the arrangement consider the pyramid has a base with 25mm side and 40mm long axis whereas the cylindrical block has a base with 50mm diameter and 20mm thickness . Q2. A cube of 30mm edge is placed centrally on the top of a cylindrical block of @ 52 mm and 20mm height. Draw the isometric drawing of the solid. Q43. Draw the isometric view of a hexagonal prism having side of base 25mm and axis 65mm long resting on its base on HP. Q4. A sphere of 50mm diameter is placed centrally on the top of a cube of 60mm edge. Draw the isometric view of solid. Q5. A cube of 40mm side rests centrally on a square block of 60mm edges and 20mm thick. Draw the isometric projection of the two objects with the edge of the two blocks mutually parallel to each other. Q.6 Draw the Isometric View of followings. 8 100 25 |. 25 | 25 © seamed vith one SeamerLakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal. Department of Mechanical Engineering Subject: Engineering Graphics Subject Code: BT 105 ASSIGNMENT NO 1 (CO-1) QI The distance between two stations is 100 KM and on a road map it is shown by 30 cm. draw a diagonal scale and indicate 46.8 km and 32.4 km on it. Q2 Rectangular plot of land area 0.45 hectare is represented on a certain map by a similar rectangle of 5 square centimeters. Calculate the R.F. of the scale of the map. Also draw a scale to read up to single meter and long enough to measure up to 400 meters. 1 hectare =10.000 square meters, Q3 Construct a vernier scale to read meters, decimeters and long enough to measure up to 6 meters when I meter is represented by 2.5 centimeters. Find R.F. and show on it a distance of 4.33 meters. Q4 Construct a conic section having a centricity of 3/4 and focus 25 mm from directrix measure its major and minor axis and the distance between two foci. QS. Draw a rectangle having its sides 125 mm and 75 mm long. Inscribe two parabolas in it with their axis bisecting each other. Q6 A circle of 60 mm diameter rolls on a horizontal line for a half revolution and then on a vertical line for another half revolution. Draw the curve traced out by a point P on the circumference of the circle Q7 A circus man rides a motor-bike inside a globe of 6 metres diameter. The motor-bike has the wheel of 2 metres diameter. Draw the locus of the point on the circumference of the motor-bike wheel for one complete revolution. Adopt suitable scale. Q8 An inelastic string is unwound to a length of 122 mm from a drum of @30 mm. Draw the locus of a free end of the string, which is held tight during unwinding © seaeed with OK ScannerLakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal. Department of Mechanical Engineering Subject: Engineering Graphics Subject Code: BT 105 ASSIGNMENT NO 2 (CO-2) QI. Mark the projections of the following points on a common reference line a) A, 50 mm below the H.P, and in the V.P. b) B,45 mm behind the V-P. and in the HP. ©) C,50 mm below the H.P. and 50 mm in front of the V.P. 4) D, 35 mm above the H.P. and 35 mm behind the VP. ©) E, 30mm above the H.P. and 30 mm in front of the V.P. 6) F, in both the V.P. and the HP Q2 The projections a’b’ and ab of a line AB are 65 mm and 50 mm long, respectively. The midpoint of the line is 38 mm in front of VP and 30 mm above HP. End A is 10 mm in front of the VP and nearer to it. End B is nearer to the HP. Draw the projection of the line, find its true length. Q3 The plan of a line PQ 75 mm long, measures 54 mm. The midpoint of the line is SO mm from VP and 15 mm from the HP. The point Q is 24 mm from the VP. Draw its projection and find the inclination with HP and VP. Also, locate traces. Q4 A line AB 120 mm long is inclined at 45° to the HP and 30° to the VP. It’s mid point is in VP and 20 mm above HP. The end A js in the third quadrant and B is in the first quadrant. Draw the projections of the line AB. Q5 A regular hexagonal lamina 40 mm sides have a square hole of 25 mm side centrally cut through it. Draw its projection when it is resting on one of its side on HP with its surface inclined 60° to the VP and its comer nearest to VP is 24 mm from VP. Q6 A rectangular plane of edges 35 mm and 70 mm is resting on an edge in the HP. The surface is inclined to the HP. Such that the top view appears as a square. Draw its projections when the edge resting on HP perpendicular to VP. Q7 A regular tetrahedron edge of base 30 mm is resting on one of its edges on the horizontal plane. The resting edge makes an angle of 45° to VP and the face containing the edge makes an angle of 30° to HP. Draw its projections Q8 A triangular prism of side of base 30 mm and axis 55 mm long lies on one of its triangular face in HP with its axis parallel to VP. Draw its projection © seaeed with OK ScannerLakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal. Department of Mechanical Engineering Subject: Engineering Graphics Subject Code: BT 105 Q9 A right pentagonal prism 90 mm high with each side of the base 30 mm is resting on one of the base edges on the horizontal plane and inclined at 30° to the VP and the face containing that edge is inclined at 45° to the HP. Draw the projections of the pentagonal prism. © seamed vith one SeamerLakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal. Department of Mechanical Engineering Subject: Engineering Graphics Subject Code: BT 105 ASSIGNMENT NO 3 (CO-3) QI A pentagonal pyramid of base side 30 mm and axis 60 mm is resting on its base in the HP with an edge of base parallel to the VP. A horizontal section plane cuts the pyramid bisecting the axis. Draw its front view and sectional top view. Q2 A triangular pyramid, having base 40 mm side and axis 50 mm long is lying on the HP on one of its faces, with axis parallel to VP. A section plane, parallel to VP cuts the pyramid at a distance of 6 mm from the axis. Draw its sectional front view and top view. Q3_A pentagonal prism of base side 30 mm and axis 70 mm has an edge of its base on HP, the axis i parallel to VP and inclined at 60° to HP. It is cut by an AIP inclined at 60° to HP and passing through the highest corner of the prism. Draw its sectional top view and true shape of section, Q4 A cube of 45 mm long edges rest on the HP with vertical faces equally inclined to VP, It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to VP So that the true shape of a section is a regular hexagon, Draw the sectional top view and True shape of the section, Also, determine the inclination of the section plane with HP. Q5_A hexagonal prism of base side 30 mm and height 70 mm is resting on its base on the HP with a side of base perpendicular to VP. The prism has a cylindrical hole of diameter 40 mm, drilled centrally such that the axis of hole is perpendicular to the VP. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the prism. Q6 Develop the lateral surface of oblique cone, diameter of base 40 mm and height 40 mm having its axis inclined at 60° to its base. Q7 Draw the development of the lateral surface of a square pyramid of base side 40 mm and axis 60 mm, resting on its base on HP such that a side of base is parallel to the VP. Q8_ Draw the isometric projection of the frustum of a hexagonal pyramid of base side 40 mm, top side 25 mm and height 70 mm. The frustum rests on the base on the H.P. Q9_ Draw the isometric view of a sphere of diameter 60 mm truncated by a horizontal plane at a height of 20 mm from the centre plane. QIOA hexagonal prism of base 30 mm side and height 40 mm is surmounted by a hemisphere such that the hemisphere is touching all the edges of the top base. Draw isomeric projection of the arrangement, © seaeed with OK ScannerLakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal. Department of Mechanical Engineering Subject: Engineering Graphics Subject Code: BT 105 ASSIGNMENT NO 4 (CO-4) QI What is CAD? How do 2D CAD and 3D CAD differ? Provide examples of software used for both. Q2 Define Computer-Aided Design (CAD). Discuss its significance in modern engineering. QS. What are the advantages and limitations of CAD software compared to manual drafting? Q4_ What are layers in AutoCAD? How do they help in organizing a drawing effectively? QS. Explain layering in CAD. Discuss its applications and benefits in design. Q6 What are constraints in CAD modeling? Differentiate between geometric and dimensional constraints, Q7 What is parametric modeling? How does it differ from direct modeling in CAD software? Q8 What are the different coordinate systems used in CAD? Explain their significance. Q9 What is the UCS icon in AutoCAD? Explais role in coordinate settings. QlOWrite a short note on viewports in CAD. How are they useful in drawings? © seamed vith one SeamerLakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal. Department of Mechanical Engineering Subject: Engineering Graphics Subject Code: BT 105 ASSIGNMENT NO 5 (CO-5) QI_ Define wireframe modeling. How is it used in CAD applications? Q2 What are drawing commands in CAD? Explain five commonly used drawing commands. Q3 List and explain five editing commands used in CAD. Q4. What is the zoom command in CAD? Explain its various methods and applications. Q5 Explain the function of toolbars in CAD software. How do they improve efficiency? Q6 What is dimensioning in CAD? Discuss different types of dimensions used. Q7 Write a short note on geometric modeling. How does it support CAD design? Q8_ What are ISO and ANSI standards for drawings? Explain their importance in CAD. Q9 Discuss different methods of drawing circles in CAD. Provide examples. Q10Write the CAD commands to draw a regular pentagon with 30 mm sides. © seamed vith one Seamer