Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.

COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU

Contents: Lawyer Gonsalves
1. Play: Carvahlo SUMMARY:
2. Ode on a Grecian Urn by John Keats
The story starts with the narrator visiting the Mudigere Bee Keepers'
3. Ecology by A K Ramanujan
Cooperative Society to buy honey for his sick father on the advice of an
4. TED TALKS -1: "Solutions to Food and Ecological Crisis Facing Us
Ayurvedic doctor. There, he meets Mandanna and Lakshmana, a temporary
Today" -Vandana Shiva staff, who offer him a full tin of honey for 78 rupees because of abundant
5. Ted Talk -2: It Is Not a Solution If It Is Not Affordable (Health) -Devi honey production caused by the flowering of gurugi trees. The narrator
Prasad Shetty agrees and pays the rest later.
6. GRAMMAR: Pecha-Kucha presentation
On his way back, his jeep runs out of fuel, but he gets help from two
7. Business writing
motorcyclists and safely reaches home with the honey. At home, Pyara, a
8. Travel Writing kitchen assistant, mistakes the honey for coconut oil but is convinced after
9. Article Writing tasting it. The narrator shares his initial fear of bees because of a past
10. E-Correspondence and Content Writing: Emails, Memos, incident, but his opinion changes after learning more about honey bees.
Handbooks, Press release
Mandanna seeks the narrator's help to draft an application for a
11. Professional Letter Writing,
beekeeping job, and the narrator learns that Mandanna is the disciple of
12. Blog Writing,
Carvalho, a scientist researching a rare flying lizard. The narrator agrees to
13. Writing on Twitter help Mandanna, and they plan to get the job during a minister's visit.
14. Writing on Instagram
15. Question Paper Pattern Mandanna later disappears, but the narrator discovers he is getting
16. Model Question Paper married. However, trouble arises when Mandanna is arrested for
possessing an earthen pot that the police mistake for illegal liquor-making
1. PLAY: CARVALHO equipment. The narrator, along with Carvalho and Prabhakar, a
-K P Poorna Chandra Tejaswi photographer, supported Mandanna during the legal proceedings.
"Carvalho," a novella written by the renowned Kannada writer K.P. Poorna Carvalho reveals his interest in the flying lizard and organizes an expedition
Chandra Tejaswi, revolves around the life of an educated farmer facing to search for it. They enter the forest with Kariyappa, a skilled man, and
failures and contemplating leaving agriculture. During his struggles, he Yenkta, a snake catcher. They eventually spot the elusive flying lizard,
meets Carvalho, a scientist. Initially, they discuss agricultural issues, but as capture its movements on camera, and Carvalho submits his research to
their friendship grows, the narrator assists Carvalho in his research on a scientific agencies.
peculiar creature, the flying lizard. The setting of the novel is in Mudigere,
Chikmagalur District. Tejaswi, the author, was a multi-talented individual Two Marks questions
with an interest in photography, publishing, painting, nature, and 1. Where is the novella set?
environmentalism. Mudigere
Characters: Carvalho, Narrator, Pyara, Marriage Mandanna, Lakshmana, 2. Why did the narrator go to the Mudigere Bee Keepers' Society?
Biriyani Kariyappa, Norvey Ramanna, Kiwi, Photographer Prabhakar, Yenkta, Buy honey
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Associate Professor & HOD of English GFGC, Chikkaballapur, Ph; 7899581146 Page 1 of 24
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
3. Whom did the narrator meet at Moodigere Bee-keepers' Cooperative The honey was whitish very much like coconut oil.
society?
15. How was the tin full of honey made available at only seventy-eight
The narrator went to Moodigere Bee-keeper's Cooperative Society and
rupees?
there he met Mandanna.
The tin full of honey was made available at seventy-eight rupees due to the
4. Why did the narrator want to buy honey? unique blooming of gurugi trees in Malenadu once every eight years, which
An Ayurvedic doctor advised his father to take a spoonful of honey every resulted in a significant increase in honey production. The unexpected
day to cure his illness. surplus of honey was a result of heavy rains during that year, leading to a
lower price for consumers.
5. What did the staff at Mudigere Bee Keepers' Society think of the
narrator? 16. Why did the jeep stop and who helped the narrator?
They thought he had come to sell honey. On the return journey from the bee shop, the engine of the narrator's jeep
made a few peculiar noises and eventually came to a halt. Fortunately, two
6. Where did the narrator meet Mandanna for the first time?
men on Jawa motorbikes came to the narrator's aid and assisted in
Mudigere Bee Keepers' Society
bringing a can of petrol.
7. Mandanna and Lakshmana worked in ..........
17. Why did Mandanna visit the narrator's house at Moodigere?
Mandanna and Lakshmana worked in the Mudigere Bee Cooperative
Mandanna visited the narrator in Moodigere to seek help in filling out an
Society.
application requesting the minister to appoint him as the beekeeper of the
8. Where were Lakshmana and Mandanna working? society.
Mudigere Bee Keepers’ Society.
18. To whom did Mandanna plan to submit the application?
9. Mandanna asked the narrator to buy.............. honey. The minister, who was also the chairman of khadi.
Mandanna asked the narrator to buy Gutti honey/ tin of honey.
19. Who gave the guard of honour to the minister?
10. How much did the bottle/tin full of honey cost? Mandanna and team
Seventy-eight rupees
20. What happened when Mandanna and his scout friends blew their
11. How much money did the narrator possess when he visited the bugles and beat drums?
Mudigere Beekeepers' Society? Mandanna and his scout friends caused a commotion with bugles and
He had seventy rupees. drums, disturbing the humble bees, and leading to chaos as the bees stung
12. The pot honey which was given to the narrator was extracted from various people causing them to run in fear.
…… place 21. Why did the bees attack the people gathered at the function?
Gutti The bees were provoked by Mandanna's drum sounds.
13. The narrator bought the best honey from the ......... area. 22. Who is Pyara? What was he doing in the narrator's house?
The narrator bought the best honey from the Gutti area. Pyara is a Muslim boy, working as a kitchen assistant in the narrator's
14. The honey was whitish fluid very much like.............. house.

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 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
23. What did Pyara see in an overturned earthen pot? 35. What was there inside the pot?
Bees had built their hives in the pot. Honey bees
24. Why was Pyara put on remand? 36. Why was Mandanna upset in his life?
He was remanded on the accusation of picking pockets. He was upset, as Norvey Ramaiah was reluctant to give his daughter Raami
to him in marriage.
25. Who is Carvalho?
Carvalho was a scientist, (entomologist) 37. Why was Ramaiah reluctant to get her daughter married to
Mandanna?
26. Where was Carvalho working?
Because Mandanna was jobless.
Paddy Research Centre, Mudigere
38. Who is Prabhakar?
27. How did Mandanna look up to Carvalho?
Prabhakar, a radio mechanic from Chikmagaluru, is a student of Carvalho
Mandanna was Carvalho's disciple. Mandanna considers him his Guru.
and is assisting him in his research as a photographer, enlarging slides,
28. Who was Carvalho's disciple?
films, and more. He has established a laboratory within the Research
Mandanna
Centre premises.
29. Why does the narrator go to Carvalho's office?
39. Where was Prabhakara working before he set up his studio in
The narrator, facing losses because of a peculiar pest infestation in his Mudigere?
paddy fields, sought to discuss the issue with Carvalho at his Research He was working as a radio mechanic in Chikmagalur.
Center.
40. Who arranged Mandanna's marriage finally?
30. The first farmer to visit Carvalho's office was ……… Carvalho, narrator and Prabhakar.
Narrator
41. Who is the father-in-law of Mandanna? Why did he refuse to give his
31. Who is Kiwi? daughter in marriage to Mandanna?
Kiwi is the narrator's white Spaniel dog. Norvey Ramaiah is Mandanna's father-in-law, but he refuses to let his
32. What do the narrator and Pyara notice when they go in search of daughter marry Mandanna because he doesn't have a permanent job,
Kiwi? which worries Mandanna.
An earthen pot 42. Who took the initiative at Mandanna's wedding?
33. How was Kiwi lying on the floor? Lakshmana.

Kiwi was lying on the floor, making strange painful sounds, possibly 43. In Mandanna's marriage........... acted as the father of the
because of an infection caused by a big piece of bone with rotten flesh that bridegroom.
they had hidden to chew at leisure, which emitted a foul smell resembling Lakshmana
that of a cow or an ox bone. 44. What made the quarrelling crowd calm at the wedding?
34. What does the narrator think of the earthen pot? Prabhakara's photo flash.
The narrator thinks that it was being used to prepare liquor. 45. Why did the police arrest Mandanna?

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 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
During a police raid at Norvey Ramaiah’s house, they suspected illicit skills.
distillation and seized Mandanna's honey pot, claiming it contained Biryani Kariyappa is known for his cooking skills as well as tree climbing
country-liquor, leading to his arrest on charges of trafficking in illicit liquor. skills.
46. Who gave bail to Mandanna? 57. Where did they have their camp on the first day?
Narrator bails out Mandanna. Mahamalekanu.
47. Whom does Carvalho appoint to deal with Mandanna's case? 58. Who was Yenkta?
Cyril Gonsalves. Yenkta was a snake catcher.
48. Who Cyril Gonsalves? 59. Yenkta .......... has come for................ in the jungle.
Famous advocate in Chikmagaluru.
the snake catcher, hunting
49. What was the only way to win the case, according to Cyril Gonsalves?
60. What was the reason behind Mandanna and Yenkata's quarrel?
Carvalho's intervention into the case as a witness.
Magical snake stone
50. Why did Carvalho show a special interest in Mandanna's case?
61. Where do Mau-Mau bees exist?
Mandanna's presence was essential in Carvalho's research.
South Africa
51. What did Mandanna find in the forests of Norvey? OR.
62. Name the bee which attacks without provocation in South Africa.
On which animal did Carvalho start his research? OR.
Mau Mau bee
Which animal was declared extinct in the novella? OR.
In the novella "Carvalho," which species is officially declared extinct? 63. What does Mandanna bring in a big gunny bag to the narrator’s
A rare bird, the flying lizard. house?
Mandanna brought pork in a gunny bag to the narrator's house.
52. Did Carvalho and his team members catch the flying lizard alive?
The team was unable to catch the flying lizard, but they witnessed it. 64. Where does the narrator and his team find the flying lizard in the end?
Fortunately, Kariyappa managed to grab it by its tail. In the forests of Norvey.
53. Who found the flying lizard in the forests of Norvey? 65. Where was the skin of the dead flying lizard kept, according to
Mandanna Carvalho?
British Geological Museum
54. Carvalho shows the narrator the glow worms, which catch .......... and
........... them. 66. Who was the Romanian scientist helping Carvalho in his research?
The bees, swallow Zekosky
55. Which scientific agencies had extended financial support to Carvalho II. Answer the following questions in a page each.
to continue the research on flying lizards?
1. Write short notes on
Smithsonian Society, British Geological Institute and Geological society.
56. What was Biriyani Kariyappa known for? OR a. Kariappa
Biriyani Kariyappa .......... is known for his ............ as well as…….. b. Yenkta
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 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
c. Lakshmana kind person and even went around collecting money for Mandanna's
d. Mandanna wedding. He also asked the narrator for help. However, he's tired of
e. Pyara dealing with the demands of Ramaiah, who is Mandanna's father-in-law.
It seems that during his wedding, Lakshmana made the bride's family
f. Kiwi
emotional and deeply respectful towards him.
a. Kariappa: In the novella, there's a fascinating character named Biriyani
d. Mandanna: Mandanna is a beekeeper who is also a skilled naturalist. He
Kariappa who is famous for making delicious biriyani. He used to cook
works at Mudigere Bee Keepers' Society and is a student of Carvalho, a
for events like weddings in Mudigere. When he joined Carvalho's
renowned scientist. In his life, emotional and financial issues are
scientific expedition, he showcased his talents in climbing trees,
connected. A man named Norvey Ramaiah refuses to let his daughter
catching fish, and hunting birds and animals. While others were focused
marry Mandanna because he doesn't have a stable job. Mandanna
on finding the flying lizard, he was more interested in catching different
becomes upset when Carvalho doesn't offer him a job as an attender.
creatures along the way. He caught wild hens, rabbits, wild sheep and
With the efforts of Carvalho, Prabhakar, and the narrator, Mandanna's
even tried to catch a monitor lizard, thinking it might be the flying lizard
marriage to Raami is arranged. However, shortly after the wedding,
they were searching for. Eventually, he successfully climbed tall trees to
Mandanna gets into trouble with the police for allegedly making illegal
catch the flying lizard, but unfortunately, it slipped away from his grip.
liquor. Thankfully, due to humanitarian reasons, he is released on bail
Despite this, Kariappa's presence in Carvalho's research was remarkable
with the narrator's help.
because of his unique skills and contributions.
Despite being seen as a vagabond by locals, Carvalho views Mandanna
b. Yenkta: In the novella, there's a fascinating person named Yenkta who is
as a born naturalist with extraordinary observational skills. Mandanna's
skilled at catching snakes. He goes to the forest to catch them for their
emotional and economic struggles are intertwined, and his marriage
skin. When tribal people find snakes in their homes or farms, they call
plays a significant role in his job prospects. Carvalho eventually
him, and he catches the snakes using a special musical instrument called
appreciates Mandanna's abilities and relies on him during their
a pungi. The narrator also asks him to come to his farm to catch snakes.
adventurous journey in search of a rare bird in the Sahyadri Mountain
Once, Yenkta gave Mandanna a magical snake stone, which Mandanna
range. Although they didn't find the bird they were looking for, Carvalho
used to help Bidurumale Manjamma when she got bitten by a scorpion.
was grateful for the assistance of an illiterate person like Mandanna.
Yenkta is not only a snake catcher but also a hunter. He collects the
skins of mongooses, otters, and snakes to sell them. The otter's skin can e. Pyara: Pyara is a young Muslim boy who works as a kitchen assistant in
fetch him a hundred rupees, while a snake's skin can get him thirteen the narrator's house. He sought refuge there because his parents didn't
rupees. This money helps him buy things like new clothes. Yenkta is also let him come back home after he got arrested for pickpocketing.
a taxidermist and sells stuffed foxes and mongooses. He joined the Despite his difficult situation, Pyara remains helpful and supportive. He
expedition when Kariappa was racing with the flying lizard and is also helps the narrator search for his missing dog, Kiwi, in the forest.
looking for a cow that had run away. However, there's a small confusion when Pyara mistakes a tin of honey
for coconut oil. Pyara also teases Mandanna after his marriage, joking
c. Lakshmana: Lakshmana and Mandanna work together at a place called
that if he becomes Mandanna's cart man, Mandanna can marry four
Moodigere Bee-Keepers Co-Operative Society where they sell honey.
times. Pyara assists in packing the bee box and even joins the narrator's
When Mandanna was getting married, he asked Lakshmana to act as his
jungle expedition.
father and handle everything during the wedding. Lakshmana is a very

Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Associate Professor & HOD of English GFGC, Chikkaballapur, Ph; 7899581146 Page 5 of 24
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
f. Kiwi: In the novella "Carvalho" by Poorna Chandra Tejaswi, non-human pests. The villagers believed the infestation was caused by an evil spirit.
beings also play a captivating role. The narrator's dog, Kiwi, is a smart Before succumbing to superstitions, the narrator sought advice from
white Spaniel and the narrator's best companion. Kiwi is not only Carvalho. Carvalho listened to the description and identified the pests as
intelligent but also acts as a guardian for the narrator's house and farm. armyworms. These worms hide in the paddy plant stems and go
He faithfully accompanies the narrator during his hunting expeditions. underwater when pesticides are used. Carvalho advised draining the water
One day, while the narrator is engaged in a discussion with a land agent, to bring the armyworms out. The narrator followed the advice, and it
he learns that Kiwi is trapped in the forest. Worried, the narrator rushes worked. The armyworms emerged and were dealt with, finally resolving
to the forest and finds Kiwi barking at an earthen pot full of bees. the issue. On another occasion, the narrator discussed the pests eating his
paddy crop with Carvalho. Carvalho's prediction was right, and the solution
Later in the story, when Carvalho and his team venture into the forest in
worked, but unfortunately, the pests had already damaged over half of the
search of the flying lizard, Kiwi proves to be a helpful member of the
crop.
expedition. His remarkable sense of smell aids the team in their quest.
Throughout the novella, the presence of non-human beings, especially 4. Describe Mandanna's role in illicit brewing.
Kiwi the dog, adds an intriguing dimension to the narrative. Tejaswi's
In the novella "Carvalho," Mandanna finds himself involved in illicit
skilful depiction of Kiwi's behaviour through photography and
brewing. The police conducted a raid at Norvey Ramiah's house, suspecting
microscopic observation enhances the story's appeal.
illegal distillation activities. During the raid, they discovered a honey-pot
2. Narrate how the bees attacked when the minister addressed the public belonging to Mandanna, which they claimed contained country-liquor. The
at Mudigere. constable stated that Mandanna, while on his honeymoon at his father-in-
law's house, was engaged in making country liquor and had stored it in the
Mandanna wanted to give his job application to the minister in person.
honey-pot. Mandanna eventually confessed to the accusation. As a result,
When he found out that the minister's speech would be at a big open
the police arrested him and placed him in a lock-up. Subsequently, a case
ground in Moodigere on 15th August, he decided to go there with his scout
was filed, and the court issued summons for him to appear. If found guilty,
group. They had drums, bugles, and cymbals. During the flag ceremony,
Mandanna could face a fine of Rs. 600 and be sentenced to one year in jail.
Mandanna and his friends played their instruments very loudly. This caused
a lot of noise that disturbed the bees at the Taluk Office, making them 5. Write a note on Prabhakara's role in finding the flying lizard.
angry. Chaos broke out, and the whole program got disrupted. The
Prabhakara's role in the novella "Carvalho" is truly impressive. He was a
minister got hurt and had to go to the hospital in Mudigere for treatment.
photographer and assisted Carvalho in his research. Before starting his
Because of this, Mandanna couldn't submit his job application to the
studio in Mudigere, he worked as a radio mechanic in Chikmagaluru. During
minister as he wanted to.
field trips with Carvalho to study insects, Prabhakara would take photos of
3. The narrator's paddy field was plagued by a strange variety of insects. insects and enlarge them for detailed study. When they went on an
Did Carvalho solve this problem? expedition to find the flying lizard, Prabhakara came well-prepared with all
his cameras, lenses, binoculars, and other necessary tools. When they
The narrator purchased a piece of land in Mudigere and started farming,
finally spotted the flying lizard in the tall trees, Prabhakara quickly took out
converting some of it into paddy fields. However, he encountered a major
his camera and captured photos and videos of its movements. His
problem when strange insects attacked his paddy field. Despite spending a
contribution was vital in helping Carvalho with his research by
significant amount on pesticides, they proved ineffective in getting rid of
documenting important visuals of the flying lizard and other insects.
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Associate Professor & HOD of English GFGC, Chikkaballapur, Ph; 7899581146 Page 6 of 24
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
During the jungle expedition with Carvalho and others, Prabhakara then argued that making liquor from honey, which was expensive, didn't
demonstrated his skills using a chromometer and compass to determine make financial sense when liquor could be produced much cheaper. His
directions. He also received praise for his culinary abilities. When they logic convinced the court that Mandanna was innocent of the charges.
spotted the flying lizard, Prabhakara used binoculars with tele-lens to take With Carvalho also testifying as a witness and Gonsalves' convincing
photos. He then switched to the movie camera and skilfully captured the defense, Mandanna was acquitted from the case, securing his release from
lizard's movements as it blended with the tree bark. Prabhakara's expertise jail and clearing his name.
played a significant role in the discovery of the flying lizard.
8. Who is Yenkta? Why did he come to the jungle?
6. Discuss the relationship between the narrator and his dog Kiwi. Yenkta, the snake catcher, has arrived in the jungle for hunting. He seeks to
In the novella "Carvalho," the relationship between the narrator and his collect the skins of mongoose, otters, and snakes, as they can fetch him
dog, Kiwi, is heartwarming and significant. Kiwi, a clever white Spaniel, is good money. Yenkta explains that snake-catching and selling medicines
the narrator's best friend and loyal companion. He diligently guards the does not yield enough income. He values an otter skin at a hundred rupees
narrator's house and farm and accompanies him on hunting trips. When and a snake skin at thirteen rupees, which could help him afford new
Kiwi gets trapped in the forest while the narrator is occupied with a land clothes and other items. Besides being a snake catcher, Yenkta is also a sort
agent, the narrator rushes to rescue him. They share a strong bond, and of taxidermist, selling stuffed foxes and mongooses.
Kiwi's presence brings comfort and joy to the narrator.
During his time in the jungle, Yenkta is on a mission to find a cow that has
During Carvalho's expedition to find flying lizards, Kiwi proves to be a run away. Additionally, he joined the expedition with Kariappa and others,
valuable companion, utilizing his extraordinary sense of smell to assist the including Carvalho, in their quest to find the flying lizard. Yenkta's expertise
team. However, when Kiwi gets injured, the narrator prioritizes his well- as a snake catcher is well-known among the tribal people, who call upon
being, rushing him to the hospital. Despite feeling nostalgic and losing him whenever snakes are found in houses or farms. The narrator often
interest in the expedition at times, Kiwi remains a steadfast link to the invites him to catch snakes on his farm. Moreover, Yenkta generously
narrator's memories and cherished moments. Throughout the novella, provides Mandanna with a magical snake stone to treat a scorpion bite
Poorna Chandra Tejaswi portrays the special connection between the suffered by Bidurumale Manjamma. Yenkta's character adds an intriguing
narrator and Kiwi, showcasing the importance of their friendship and the dimension to the novella, contributing to the overall richness of the
role Kiwi plays in the narrator's life. narrative.
7. How did the lawyer release Mandanna from the illicit brewing case? 9. Write briefly about the role of Carvalho.
After Mandanna was arrested for the illicit brewing case, the narrator came Carvalho, the main character in the novella, is a renowned scientist working
to his aid by providing bail. In the meantime, Carvalho intervened and at the Paddy Research Centre. As a famous entomologist, he focuses on
appointed a skilled criminal lawyer named Cyril Gonsalves to represent the rare flying lizard and receives support from various institutions for his
Mandanna. The narrator met with Gonsalves and explained the case in research. Carvalho serves as a mentor to Mandanna, praising his natural
detail. During the court proceedings, the public prosecutor argued that the talent for keen observation of nature. Despite his fame, Carvalho remains
pot seized by the police contained materials for making liquor. However, kind-hearted and willingly helps the narrator with his paddy field pest
Gonsalves cleverly questioned if the original content in the pot could have problems. When Mandanna faces trouble in an illicit brewing case, Carvalho
been honey, to which the prosecutor agreed it was a possibility. Gonsalves appoints a lawyer to represent him. Carvalho values Mandanna's

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 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
discoveries, including the glow-worm findings. interconnectedness of man, society, beliefs, superstitions, and the natural
and man-made environment. The narrator, gifted with keen observation
Driven by his passion to find the extinct flying lizard, Carvalho assembles a
and a sense of humour, meets Mandanna, a seemingly simple bee-keeper
team, which includes the narrator, Mandanna, a camera man, and a cook.
who is admired by the great botanist and entomologist, Carvalho, for his
Although they didn't find the lizard, they discovered a rare bird in the
innate understanding of nature.
Sahyadri Mountain range, thanks to Mandanna's contributions. Carvalho's
dedication to scientific truth and curiosity is ultimately fulfilled through Mandanna faces personal struggles, wanting to marry Raami despite not
these experiences. having a proper job. The wedding day turns chaotic due to the
consumption of illicit liquor, resulting in Mandanna's arrest. The narrator
10. The narrator plays an important role in the novella Carvalho. Discuss. stands surety for him, leading to legal complications alongside the pest
In the novella "Carvalho," the narrator, Poorna Chandra Tejaswi, plays a problems in his paddy crop. Carvalho needs Mandanna's expertise in
vital role. He starts his journey by visiting the Moodigere Bee-Keepers understanding various insects, and to save him from the legal clutches,
Cooperative Society, where Mandanna and Lakshmana work. While buying they enter the world of lawyers, law courts, police brutality, caste, and
honey from the Gutti area, the narrator initially feels disappointed by its political rivalry.
white appearance, but he learns that it is of good quality. He meets However, the narrative takes a twist with the revelation of the flying lizard
Carvalho, an esteemed botanist and entomologist who is also Mandanna's in the deep forests of Norway. Carvalho sees it as a link to ancient periods
guru.
before pre-history, an extraordinary creature capable of unique
Facing pest-related losses in his paddy fields, the narrator seeks Carvalho's movements despite lacking wings. The story unfolds further as they
advice and requests a job for Mandanna. The narrator also supports venture into the forest with compasses, tele lenses, and movie cameras in
Mandanna during his legal troubles for illicit brewing, standing surety to search of the flying lizard. The novella embraces multiple dimensions,
bail him out. When Carvalho embarks on an expedition to find a rare, blending scientific and spiritual elements.
believed-to-be-extinct lizard, the narrator joins him along with Mandanna, a Carvalho's portrayal of various worlds, from the dream world to the world
cameraman, and a cook. of science and mystery, creates an intriguing narrative. The characters Kiwi,
Throughout the novella, the narrator's presence is significant as he the narrator's Golden Spaniel, and Biriyani Kariappa, a skilled tree climber,
discovers the flying lizard and witnesses its pursuit. From the beginning to connect the story to the world of vegetation. Through the flying lizard and
the end, the narrator's involvement weaves the threads of the story the different characters, "Carvalho" explores the complexities of life and
together. His interactions with Carvalho and Mandanna, along with his nature, intertwining humour, science, and spirituality in a compelling tale.
compassion and support, make him an integral part of the narrative.
2. Narrate the first encounter between the narrator and Mandanna and
III Answer the following questions in 2-3 pages each. Each question carries Lakshmana.
10 marks. In the beginning of the novella "Carvalho," the narrator visits the
1. The flying lizard plays a significant role in the novella Carvalho. Moodigere Bee-Keeper's Co-operative Society on a rainy day. His purpose is
Substantiate. to buy honey for his father, following the advice of an Ayurvedic physician.
Carrying seventy rupees for the purchase, he encounters two young men,
In the novella "Carvalho," the flying lizard plays a significant role, weaving
Lakshmana and Mandanna, who work as beekeepers at the society.
together various aspects of the story. The novella delves into the
Mandanna educates the narrator about the difference between bottled
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Associate Professor & HOD of English GFGC, Chikkaballapur, Ph; 7899581146 Page 8 of 24
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
and potted honey, with potted honey being hand-extracted and more Wedding scene:
affordable. Opting for potted honey, the narrator notices kerosene tins in
As Mandanna's wedding day approached, he entrusted his friend
the room, but Mandanna assures him that it is pure honey and that the Co-
Lakshmana to handle all the arrangements as his father would have done.
operative Society is trustworthy.
Lakshmana gladly took on the responsibility but faced financial challenges
Mandanna provides the narrator with the finest honey from the Gutti area, as Mandanna's money ran out. He sought help from others to manage the
priced at seventy-eight rupees per tin. However, the narrator falls short of wedding preparations, which left him exhausted. During this time, there
the required amount, promising to pay the remaining eight rupees the next were discussions about the rituals, and Lakshmana questioned why
day. This initial encounter with Mandanna and Lakshmana establishes the Mandanna's caste had more rituals compared to the Brahmins.
setting for the novella and highlights the narrator's interest in honey and
Villagers were eagerly expecting the wedding, and notable figures like
its significance in his life. The scene paints a vivid picture of the rainy day
Carvalho and Prabhakara were also present to witness the ceremony. On
visit to the Bee-Keeper's Co-operative Society, bringing the characters of
the wedding day, a vibrant procession was formed, with Lakshmana
Mandanna and Lakshmana into focus. The theme of honey's importance
leading the way, adorned in traditional attire. Mandanna followed suit,
emerges early on, foreshadowing its relevance in the narrator's journey
wearing a turban adorned with glass beads and carrying paper and cork
and the overall narrative.
club. Women gracefully balanced pots and plates on their heads.
3. Describe the circumstances in how Mandanna got married.
Prabhakara, armed with his camera and new flash equipment, captured the
Mandanna, an orphan and a beekeeper, longs to marry Raami, the precious moments of the wedding. Despite his nervousness, Mandanna
daughter of Norvey Ramaiah. However, Ramaiah rejects the proposal posed for pictures, and as the liquor flowed, some minor fights broke out
because Mandanna is jobless, leaving him disappointed. One day, the among the guests. The wedding rituals were meticulously carried out,
narrator meets Mandanna and learns of his unhappiness and dissatisfaction culminating in Mandanna tying the tali (a sacred thread) around the bride's
with Carvalho, his guru, who refused to offer him a peon job. neck, symbolizing their marriage.
The narrator, along with Prabhakara, a photographer and Carvalho's Once the camera clicks ceased, people gathered to admire the captured
assistant, helps Mandanna. They persuaded Ramaiah to reconsider the memories. The novella vividly portrays the lively and eventful atmosphere
marriage. Carvalho, too, supports Mandanna, believing he deserves a surrounding the wedding, underscoring the cultural significance of such
better position because of his exceptional naturalist abilities. Finally, celebrations in the community.
Mandanna's marriage is arranged, and Lakshmana takes on the
4. The role of Carvalho in the novella is unique. Discuss.
responsibility of making it a success.
In the novella "Carvalho," the character Carvalho plays a unique and crucial
Throughout the novella, Carvalho recognizes Mandanna's true talents,
role. He is a renowned scientist with an international reputation, and the
describing him as an extraordinary natural scientist with exceptional
story unfolds in the hilly land of mid-Karnataka. When the narrator visits
observation skills. Despite facing emotional and financial challenges,
the Bee-Keepers Co-Operative Society, he encounters Mandanna,
Mandanna's marriage is made possible through the combined efforts of
considered a wanderer by the locals. However, Carvalho sees Mandanna
Carvalho, the narrator, and Prabhakara. The story explores Mandanna's
differently, recognizing him as a born naturalist and an extraordinary
struggles and highlights the importance of support from Carvalho and the
scientist.
narrator in helping him find happiness in his personal life.
Mandanna faces emotional and financial challenges, including difficulties in
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Associate Professor & HOD of English GFGC, Chikkaballapur, Ph; 7899581146 Page 9 of 24
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
getting married due to his lack of employment. Seeking help, the narrator forever remain fixed in their actions, their love and beauty preserved
approaches Carvalho, who, instead of directly providing a job, convinces throughout eternity.
Norvey Ramaiah to arrange Mandanna's marriage. With Carvalho's
Another scene on the urn showcases a sacrificial procession led by a priest
intervention, Mandanna's wedding took place successfully. Subsequently,
with a decorated cow. The surrounding crowd seems to belong to a
Mandanna gets into legal trouble for illicit brewing, but the narrator stands
perpetually empty town, captured in a timeless freeze on the urn. The poet
surety and aids him in resolving the issue. When Mandanna faces a court
finds the urn utterly captivating, transporting him to a world of
summons, Carvalho appoints a criminal lawyer, leading to their victory in
imagination. He believes that even after the present generation passes, the
the case. The plot takes an adventurous turn when Carvalho becomes
urn will continue to teach the profound lesson that beauty and truth are
fascinated with finding a mysterious flying lizard, believed to be extinct.
intertwined—a truth that humanity needs to grasp. The poem concludes
Together with the narrator, Mandanna, and others, they embark on a
with the conviction that the urn's message of enduring beauty and truth
forest expedition to locate the creature. Although they don't capture the
will guide future generations through unknown trials and sufferings.
lizard, the experience satisfies their scientific curiosity.
Throughout the novella, other characters, such as a cook, a snake-catcher,
Answer the following questions in a page:
and the narrator's dog Kiwi, contribute to the narrative. Bees also play an 1. Discuss the development of the theme of transience and permanence
intriguing role, connecting different events and characters in the story. as discussed in the poem 'Ode on the Grecian Urn'.
Carvalho's multifaceted personality as a philosopher, scientist, and In John Keats' poem "Ode on a Grecian Urn," the poet explores the
photographer enriches the narrative. The novella explores the difference between things that last forever and the temporary nature of
interconnectedness of nature, humanity, and the mysteries of the world, human life. The poem praises the timeless beauty of an ancient Greek urn
prompting readers to reflect on their place in the natural order. The story that remains unchanged over time. On the urn, there are images frozen in
offers a fascinating exploration of scientific curiosity and human the moment, like a youth playing the pipe and a lover chasing a maiden.
relationships, making Carvalho's role truly unique and different. These scenes show how art can preserve moments forever, but they also
remind us that human desires and feelings are fleeting and don't last
Chapter 2: LISTENING SKILLS: Poems forever. The urn also depicts a joyous sacrificial procession, frozen in
1. Ode on a Grecian Urn by John Keats celebration, symbolizing the happiness captured in art.

SUMMARY: "Ode on a Grecian Urn" by John Keats is a poem that Keats admires the enduring quality of art, but he also recognizes that it
celebrates an ancient Greek urn adorned with beautiful images. The poet lacks the depth and real emotions found in human life. He reflects on the
directly addresses the urn in five stanzas, describing the scenes depicted on idea that "Beauty is Truth, Truth Beauty," suggesting that art's beauty
it. One scene portrays a lover in pursuit of his beloved, while another holds a profound truth that goes beyond the passing moments of human
shows villagers engaged in a sacrificial ritual. The overarching message of existence. Overall, the poem highlights the contrast between the
the poem is "Beauty is Truth, Truth Beauty." everlasting beauty of art on the urn and the temporary nature of human
experiences. It celebrates how art can preserve moments of beauty and
The poet sees the urn as an eternal piece of art, crafted from stone and truth for all time while acknowledging that human life is transient and ever-
immune to the effects of time. He imagines that the music heard by the changing.
spirits on the urn is more melodious than what humans can experience. The
images of the youth playing a pipe and the lover chasing his beloved will 2. What does Keats mean by "Beauty is Truth, Truth is beauty"?

Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Associate Professor & HOD of English GFGC, Chikkaballapur, Ph; 7899581146 Page 10 of 24
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
The philosophical statement "Beauty is Truth, Truth is beauty" conveys that balance his desire to help his mother with her sentimental connection to
true beauty lies in permanence, and the ultimate beauty in the world is the tree. Ramanujan's poetic craftsmanship shines through in his ability to
found in truth, which never fades away. Everything else, though seemingly weave various emotions and themes into a single, sentence-like structure.
beautiful, loses its charm as it is perishable. This idea is found in John Keats'
Answer the following questions in a page:
poem "Ode on a Grecian Urn," where he observes two pictures on the
1. How does A.K. Ramanujan explain his mother's love for the Champak
urn's sides. One side depicts young lovers and musicians, while the other
tree?
side shows pious people making a sacrifice at a green altar. Keats
concludes the poem with the urn's message to humanity: "Beauty is Truth, The poem explores the theme of a mother's love for the Champak tree. The
Truth is Beauty. That is all you know on earth, and all you need to know." poet's mother has a deep affection for these trees, which have been a part
of their family's tradition, providing flower baskets for offerings to their
Keats emphasizes that real beauty is synonymous with truth and nothing
Gods for as long as she can remember. However, her daughters trim down
more. The things we consider beautiful in this world, like flowers, may not
the flowers as the fragrance triggers her migraines. Upon hearing this, the
possess true beauty as they are perishable. Even works of art, though they
mother passionately complains about her children. Interestingly, the poet's
appear everlasting, will eventually perish. Hence, only the eternal truth
mother unknowingly becomes a fervent advocate for nature and trees
remains the true beauty, while everything else may change and fade away.
through her love for them. The poem portrays the poet as an educated
Therefore, it is essential to focus more on the core beauty, which is truth,
modern individual who may neglect nature, while his mother's love for the
rather than external appearance.
trees demonstrates a profound connection to the environment.
2. Ecology by A K Ramanujan The Red Champak tree's blossoms cause his mother headaches, and
SUMMARY: The poem "Ecology," authored by A K Ramanujan, portrays the neither the breeze nor their dwelling can protect her from the pollen. In an
speaker's deep affection for his mother, who suffers from severe migraine attempt to alleviate her suffering, the poet prunes the tree, but the mother
attacks due to the Red Champak flower's pollen fragrance. The scent stops him. She sees the tree's positive side, explaining that it symbolizes
spreads everywhere, making it impossible for the house's doors and her rage but also provides flowers for worshipping Gods and adorning girls,
windows to keep it out. In an attempt to relieve his mother's suffering, the despite its potential to cause headaches. The poem highlights the poet's
speaker considers cutting down the tree. However, she stops him, family-centred perspective, showcasing his mother's love for the tree,
appreciating the tree's positive aspects. It was planted by chance and is which leads her to prevent its removal. It emphasizes the poet's great
considered a good omen, providing abundant flowers for offerings to gods concern and love for his mother, while she, in turn, exhibits a deep
and future generations, despite causing migraines to some family emotional attachment to nature and the environment.
members. 2. Why did A.K. Ramanujan's mother not allow the Champak trees to be
Through the poem, Ramanujan focuses on the theme of family, with irony cut?
evident in the mother's attachment to the tree despite her pain. Each A.K. Ramanujan's mother did not allow the Champak trees to be cut
stanza presents different ideas that flow together casually. The title because of her sentimental attachment and the tree's significance. In the
"Ecology" is not used conventionally, but it conveys the notion that a tree poem "Ecology," from Ramanujan's the narrator, who deeply cares for his
may have both positive and negative aspects, suggesting it need not be mother, used to visit home with great concern after the first rain of the
removed. The central theme revolves around the complexities of familial monsoon. This was because the blooming red Champak tree near their
bonds and emotional attachments, depicting the speaker's struggle to ancestral place caused severe allergy to his mother due to its suffocating
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Associate Professor & HOD of English GFGC, Chikkaballapur, Ph; 7899581146 Page 11 of 24
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
smell. The fragrance spread everywhere, and even the walls of their house Today"
couldn't keep it out. In an attempt to protect his mother from the allergy -Vandana Shiva
and pain, the narrator decided to cut down the tree. However, his mother
stopped him and revealed that the tree was as old as her. She shared an Vandana Shiva delivered a TED talk titled "Solutions to Food and Ecological
interesting fact about the tree's birth, explaining that it grew from the Crisis Facing Us Today." She is an environmentalist and ecologist born in
droppings of a passing bird, which is considered a very auspicious sign in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Her interest in ecology began during her school
that region. Despite causing migraines to his mother, the Champak tree days, and she volunteered for the Chipko Movement. In her speech, she
produced numerous basketfuls of flowers every year, used for offering to shares her experiences from the Chipko movement, discussing capitalist
gods and the daughters and granddaughters. Surprisingly, this legacy of patriarchy and ecology. She emphasizes the wisdom of women in
migraines affected one line of cousins in the family. Thus, due to the tree's preserving vital resources like water, food, and air.
age, its significance as a good omen, and its continued contributions to Shiva criticizes the harmful effects of the green revolution in the 1960s and
their religious practices, the mother did not allow it to be cut down. 70s, which led to the conversion of agricultural land into residential and
3. Examine the appropriateness of the title 'Ecology' for the poem. industrial areas. The introduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides
harmed the soil's life and benefited capitalists and industrialists, not
The title "Ecology" is indeed appropriate for the poem as it probes into the farmers. She points out that hunger and poverty persist despite the green
intricate relationship between humans and the cluster of Red Champak revolution's promises.
trees. The poem beautifully portrays the blooming of the trees after a long
dry spell, symbolizing the celebration of nature's beauty. However, the Shiva highlights the destruction of biodiversity, with modern diets relying
poem also acknowledges the unintended consequences of this beauty, as on only a few commodities instead of the many crops people used to eat.
the pollen from the flowers can cause migraine allergies in some people, She emphasizes that eating is not just an act of sustenance but also an
highlighting an aberration in the rules of ecology. ecological, ethical, and political choice. Supporting ecosystems, diversity,
and farmers can lead to positive changes for the planet and its people. She
Despite this, the bond between humans and the Red Champak trees urges people to make conscious choices in their eating habits and think
remains strong, particularly in tropical countries where people passionately holistically to protect the environment and promote overall well-being.
adorn themselves with the flowers in their hair, drawn in by their coloured
petals and bewitching fragrance. The poem captures this irresistible Ted Talk -2: It Is Not a Solution If It Is Not Affordable
connection between humans and flowers, emphasizing both its glorious (Health)
-Devi Prasad Shetty
and potentially harmful aspects.
Dr. Devi Prasad Shetty is an Indian entrepreneur and cardiac surgeon,
While "Ecology" is a scientific term, and the poem primarily deals with
known as the chairman and founder of Narayana Health, a chain of 21
human emotions and their relationship with nature, the title is still fitting
medical centres in India. He has performed over 16,000 heart operations
and justified. It portrays the interplay of ecological factors and human
and received prestigious awards like the Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan
emotions, making it an apt and accurate representation of the themes
for his contributions to affordable healthcare. In his work, Dr. Shetty faces
explored in the poem.
the challenge of putting a price on human life, particularly in cases of
3. TED TALKS cardiac surgery. Many patients, including young children, come to him for
TED TALK -1: "Solutions To Food and Ecological Crisis Facing Us treatment, and their families often struggle to afford the necessary medical
procedures.
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 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
To address the healthcare funding issue, Dr. Shetty implemented the (PKN). The presentation format took root in Europe the following year, and
"Yashaswini" scheme, convincing farmers to contribute a small amount by 2019, more than 1,000 cities worldwide offered PKN events to more
monthly, which allowed thousands to receive necessary surgeries. He than three million people.
emphasized the importance of family involvement in patient care and
The success of Pecha Kucha led to the development of a presentation style
developed a curriculum to train spouses as caregivers to ensure continuity
called Ignite in 2006. It offers a Pecha Kucha-style presentation format with
of care when patients return home. Dr. Shetty believes that the health
the same number of slides but with a slight wrinkle: Speakers only have
sector can drive the economy in the 21st century and advocates for
fifteen seconds before the next slide advances. Pecha Kucha: An Innovative
women's empowerment through job creation, as women tend to prioritize
Method of Presentation Pecha Kucha is an innovative method that makes
their families' welfare.
slide shows, or PowerPoint presentations, more effective. Presentations
He envisions India becoming a country where healthcare is not determined are often drawn out and dull, and the average person's attention span is
by affluence and credits the nation's vast pool of medical professionals and short.
FDA-approved drug manufacturing units for its potential in delivering
The Pecha Kucha presentation is a unique, short presentation with a fixed
exceptional healthcare. Overall, Dr. Shetty highlights the significance of
duration. The presentation contains 20 slides, each of which is shown for 20
affordable healthcare, family participation, and empowering women to
seconds. The entire presentation has a length of exactly 6 minutes and 40
build a stronger society and a prosperous nation.
seconds. Presenters have no control over this and must strictly adhere to
GRAMMAR: Chapter – 3: SPEAKING SKILLS the time frame. This ensures that an audience can take in all key
information. The presentation script has to be aligned exactly with the
1. Pecha-Kucha presentation slides shown.
What is Pecha Kucha? Exercise:
Pecha Kucha also wrote "Pecha Kucha is a presentation format that 1. Explain the steps of preparing a Pecha Kucha presentation.
requires a speaker to deliver twenty seconds of commentary per slide for
twenty consecutive, automatically advancing slides. The total presentation STEP 1: Divide your presentation into a beginning, middle, and end. In the
time for a Pecha Kucha presentation is six minutes and forty seconds. Pecha Kucha presentation, the speaker has to plan well for his talk. The
Pecha Kucha, which means "the sound of conversation" or "chit-chat" in twenty slides have to be divided into three parts to convey what he wishes
Japanese, is a popular social event and a novel way for companies and to convey. Time should be allotted to the beginning, middle, and ending
educators to help employees and students sharpen public speaking and parts of the presentation.
promote connectivity. STEP 2 : Storytelling and Pecha-Kucha go hand in hand. The slides of the
Pecha-Kucha presentation should run as the speaker does his narration.
Origins of Pecha Kucha This should happen naturally.
The origins of Pecha Kucha begin in Tokyo, Japan, where architects Astrid STEP 3: Focus on the core message. The speaker in the Pecha-Kucha
Klein and Mark Dytham created the format in 2003. They wanted a creative presentation should focus on the core message of his talk. He should not
way to bring together fellow architects, exchange ideas, and showcase beat around the bush. He should have clarity in conveying his message.
their work in concise, short-format design presentations that first got- STEP 4: Find images that follow your storyline. This kind of presentation
together paved the way for regular events called Pecha Kucha Nights requires more pictures. The pictures have to be opted appropriately.
Sometimes pictures talk more than words.
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Associate Professor & HOD of English GFGC, Chikkaballapur, Ph; 7899581146 Page 13 of 24
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
STEP 5: Pictures can be found everywhere. The speaker can put the WRITING SKILLS
pictures anywhere on the slides. 2. Business writing
STEP 6 : Practice your presentation. Before presenting any topic, practice
is much needed. Practice makes the speaker perfect and confident. And the Business writing is a type of writing that is used in a professional setting. It
presentation goes on systematically when there is enough practice. is a purposeful piece of writing that conveys relevant information to the
reader in a clear, concise, and effective manner. This includes client
2. What is meant by Pecha Kucha Presentation? Describe its origin. proposals, reports, memos, emails, and notices. Proficiency in business
Pecha Kucha also written as "Pecha Kucha"-is a presentation format that writing is a critical aspect of effective communication in the workplace.
requires a speaker to deliver twenty seconds of commentary per slide for Business writing refers to written communications conducted with
twenty consecutives, automatically advancing slides. The total colleagues, supervisors, clients and other business stakeholders. The
presentation time for a Pecha Kucha presentation is six minutes and forty content and purpose of these communications can vary based on the
seconds. Pecha Kucha, which means "the sound of conversation" or "chit- category of business writing.
chat" in Japanese, is a popular social event and a novel way for companies
and educators to help employees and students sharpen public speaking
3. What is travel writing?
skills and promote connectivity: Travel writing, by definition, is writing that describes places the author has
visited and the experiences they had while travelling. Travel writing
Origins of Pecha Kucha
introduces us to new places, people and ideas. Truly great travel writing
The origins of Pecha Kucha begin in Tokyo, Japan, where architects Astrid can transport us; give us a glimpse of far-flung places and provide
Klein and Mark Dytham created the format in 2003. They wanted a creative inspiration or escapism. I like to think that travel writing, much like travel
way to bring together fellow architects, exchange ideas, and showcase itself, can open our minds to different cultures and possible ways of living,
their work in concise, short-format design presentations. That first get- fostering more empathy for others and curiosity about the world around
together paved the way for regular events called Pecha Kucha Nights us. Share an example of your travel to a tourist place.
(PKN). The presentation format took root in Europe the following year, and
Example-1
by 2019, over 1,000 cities worldwide offered PKN events to over three
million people. Our college organized an educational tour to Hampi, Karnataka, on World
Science Day, November 10th. Our science teacher, Miss Durga Singh,
3. Bring out the relevance of Pecha Kucha in today's presentation skills. introduced us to various temples and architecture from the Vijayanagar
Speaking skill is one skill that needs special techniques and strategies empire. Hampi's fine art and historical significance were explained, as it
because of some complexities happening during the learning process. It is was included in UNESCO's World Heritage Site inscription in 1986.
because speaking skill development is not simply a matter of learning
The tour began at 7 am as we boarded a bus and reached Hampi in 2.5
language aspects, yet it is an ongoing process. There are various
hours. During the journey, we researched the place for easy recognition.
techniques to develop speaking skills, and one of them is the Pecha Kucha
After sightseeing and learning from local people and tourist guides, we
presentation technique. Pecha Kucha, which means "the sound of
took a break for lunch at 1 pm. Later, we visited an amusement park where
conversation" in Japanese, was conceived by Tokyo architects Astrid Klein
we enjoyed water rides and had fun. At 5 pm, we returned to school, where
and Mark Dytham, who were seeking a way to encourage student
our parents eagerly awaited us. We expressed our gratitude to the principal
presenters to use PowerPoint in a more organized and succinct manner.

Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Associate Professor & HOD of English GFGC, Chikkaballapur, Ph; 7899581146 Page 14 of 24
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
and school staff for organizing such an amazing tour. demanding extensive research and strong writing abilities. The primary
purpose of such articles is to inform the public about specific topics and
The educational trip provided us with insights into our rich culture and the
influence their perspectives. Writers aim to make a positive impact on the
mastery of artists from the past. We learned about the history of Hampi, its
world by using article writing as a means to change people's views and
significance, and the rulers who once thrived there. It was an enriching
bring about meaningful change.
experience that not only expanded our knowledge but also strengthened
the bond among students. Such educational tours are valuable for every Types of Articles Writing
school, as they offer a chance to explore various areas of interest and
There are various types of article writing. This is writing. a newspaper
connect engagingly and enjoyably.
article, writing a magazine article, SEO article writing, online article writing,
Example-2: Travelogue on one of the places I visited. freelance article writing, and many more. Some of the articles, like online
article writing, and freelance article writing, can be descriptive, or narrative
In September, my college organized an educational tour to Bangalore,
that depends upon the writer and the client for whom the writer works.
Mysore, and Coorg. Excited and eager, I joined my friends for my first trip
with them. The journey began with a train ride, observing interesting and Step-by-Step Guide to Article Writing
sometimes unpleasant sights along the way. In Bangalore, known as "The
Step 1: Find your target audience
Garden City," we enjoyed our stay and explored the beautiful city. Next, we
Step 2: Select a topic and an attractive heading
headed to Coorg, a serene place resembling Ooty's climate and
Step 3: Research is the Key
environment. The scenic road to the abbey falls was rugged yet beautiful,
Step 4: Write and Proofread
surrounded by lush trees and cloud-covered mountaintops. Seeing the falls
Step 5: Add Images and Infographics Samples of Article Writing
for the first time filled me with joy.
Example 1. Article Writing on Covid-19:
After Coorg, we visited Mysore, where the majestic Mysore Palace left me
in awe. In the evening, we were mesmerized by Brindavan Gardens' The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted every aspect of human life,
illuminated fountains, botanical park, and vibrant boating experiences. particularly the education sector. Classes were abruptly shifted from offline
Although the colourful waterfalls were crowded, the music-synced water to online, causing confusion among students, especially those preparing to
show delighted everyone. Later, we enjoyed a lively night at a hotel with a enter college. Many students even opted for a gap year, hoping for an
fire camp and dancing. On our way back, the moon's reflection on the river improvement in the situation. Although schools and colleges have
surrounded by apartments and companies created a breathtaking view. reopened due to widespread vaccination efforts, several challenges persist.
Upon college reopening, the priority should be to educate students about
Throughout the trip, I cherished the beautiful memories and the joyous
COVID-19, its transmission, and protective measures. It is crucial to
moments spent with friends. The tour allowed me to explore new places,
familiarize students with the safety rules that will be enforced in the
enjoy nature's beauty, and experience the magic of being together on an
college classroom. However, explaining these guidelines to young and
unforgettable journey.
innocent minds can be challenging.
4. Article Writing To reduce the risk of contracting COVID-19, students and college faculty
Article writing is a form of writing intended to reach a large audience must strictly adhere to certain rules. Carrying hand sanitisers at all times is a
through publication in newspapers, magazines, journals, and similar must. Instead of sneezing into their hands, students should use their
platforms. Crafting a newspaper or magazine article is a challenging task, elbows or a tissue/handkerchief to cover their sneezes. It is essential to
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Associate Professor & HOD of English GFGC, Chikkaballapur, Ph; 7899581146 Page 15 of 24
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
remind students not to frequently touch their eyes, nose, or mouth, as E-Correspondence and Content Writing
these are common routes for the virus to enter the body. By diligently Emails:
following these basic safety rules, the spread of the virus can be controlled,
enabling schools and colleges to continue their operations safely. Proper Email is a common form of transactional business writing, widely used by
education and compliance with guidelines are crucial to creating a safe professionals in various industries. It enables instant communication
learning environment during these challenging times. between the sender and recipient through the internet. Professionals often
use email to convey information, request action, or provide updates. For
Example-2 : Awareness of Driving and Road Safety Rules instance, a supervisor might email an employee to gather research on a
The rising number of road accidents involving children aged 12 to 15 due to new product, while a project team may send an email to the client with
careless driving is alarming and heart-wrenching. Lack of awareness is the progress updates on their project. Email serves as a quick and efficient
underlying cause of this issue, and it is crucial to take proactive measures to means of communication in the business world.
address it. Conducting intensive awareness campaigns and workshops E-Mail Writing
aimed at sensitizing school children about driving laws and road safety
rules can be an effective approach. Such programs have been shown to Email Writing: Email stands for electronic mail. It is the easiest and cheapest
stimulate both thought and action. way of communication. It is used formally. Semi-formal and an informal
way of expression or writing.
Realizing the significance of following driving laws and traffic rules is
essential to bring about behavioural changes in schoolchildren. As the Emails are of three types:
target age group is teenagers, who can be stubborn and sensitive, handling Semi-Formal email
them with care is crucial during these campaigns. The awareness initiative Formal email
should focus on informing children about the legal age for driving, the Informal email
permissible speed limits, and the importance of wearing helmets and other
major road safety rules. Email Writing Format

Given the significant increase in vehicles on the roads, road safety has The email writing format is the same for each of the categories. Though the
become more critical than ever. Following traffic rules and laws is essential choice of words and language differs depending upon the type of email.
to protect ourselves and our families from road accidents. A collective One can use friendly and casual language in informal emails. The language
effort from everyone can help reduce the number of accidents and create used in formal emails should be professional, clear, and formal.
safer roads for all. Elements of Mail Writing
Exercise: From
TO
• An Apple a Day Keeps the Doctor Away.
Cc
• Where there is a will, there is a way Bec
• Time and Tide wait for none Subject
• Indian Education System Greetings/Salutation
• Disaster Management Main body
• Save fuel for a better environment Closing

Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Associate Professor & HOD of English GFGC, Chikkaballapur, Ph; 7899581146 Page 16 of 24
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
Attachments Best,
Signature Line [Your name]
Sample E-Mails EXERCISE:
Thank you for the job interview Dear Sir, 1. Draft a mail to enquire about Summer Camp Courses.
I enjoyed speaking with you the other day at the interview for the post of Dear Sir/Madam,
assistant accountant. The job appears to be an ideal match for my skills, Your advertisement regarding the SUMMER CAMP COURSES appeals to
ambitions, and interests. The innovative approach to corporate culture me. Kindly send the detailed information. I want to pursue some courses
within the world confirms my wish to work at your firm. I will bring my this summer.
engineering skills, assertiveness, and ability to engage others to work Regards,
cooperatively within the department. Thank you for taking the time to Mahesh
interview me for the post of assistant accountant at [company]. I have a
high level of interest in working for your firm and look forward to hearing 2. You have ordered a branded watch online and received a damaged
from you. watch. Draft an email to the service provider.

Best Regards, Hi
[name] I ordered a Sonata watch on 1" April 2023 and received it on 10 April 2023.
a) Sending quotation email After opening the box, I found that the watch was not functioning. I feel so
Dear [customer name] disappointed because I planned to gift it to my brother on his birthday. I
request you to replace it. The invoice number sonata 12/23
We'd like to thank you for sending in your inquiry on [date] regarding a
quotation for auditing your website. Based on an initial estimation, we are Regards
happy to offer you a quote based on your request. Please find the official Mahesh
pricing quote attached to this email. Note that this quotation includes a list 3. You want to apply for 10 days leave. Draft an email to your boss.
of services], but should you want additional services, we'd be happy to
Subject Application of leave for 10 days.
discuss it further with you and provide another quotation. Please get back
to us with questions about the quotation or our services. I wish to apply for 10 working days leave from the 15th of August 2023 till
the end of the month (15th-30th August 2023) as I am going on a family
Yours sincerely.
vacation, I would like to have your approval on my leave of 10 days. All my
[Your name and job title]
responsibilities and outstanding work will be taken care of by me before I
b) Email to schedule a meeting leave. Looking forward to a positive reply at the earliest!
Hi [name] 4. Draft an email to HR about the forthcoming training programmes you
Thanks for getting in touch with us about our product. I'd be glad to set up want to conduct for your team.
a meeting to give you more information, answer your questions, and show
Subject: Training scheduled on 10 May 2023 Dear [Name].
you how it can work for your business. Does [date] at [time] work for you?
I look forward to meeting with you soon! I would like to invite you to attend a training session for Communication
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Associate Professor & HOD of English GFGC, Chikkaballapur, Ph; 7899581146 Page 17 of 24
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
Skills[training's purpose) on 10 May 2023 at 10:00 am. The training will take A handbook or manual is a form of instructional business writing.
place in the seminar hall This training is mandatory for employees to Specifically, the employee handbook serves as a guide to help employees
attend. It will enhance your communication and interpersonal skills. Please understand and adhere to company policies and procedures. In some
respond to this email by 1"May 2023 with information regarding your cases, employees may receive manuals that offer step-by-step instructions
attendance at the event. for performing their job or completing certain tasks. Depending on the
company's size, the business owner or the human resources department is
Regards,
usually responsible for drafting this document. Legal terms and conditions
Suresh
may also be included, and in such cases, a lawyer might be consulted to
5. In response to an advertisement, you would like to apply for the assist in drafting the language.
position of Assistant Accountant. Apply by sending an email.
Career Guide:
Dear Sir/Madam
Subject: Application for Assistant Accountant Professionals use various examples of business writing to communicate
I am M.Com with a finance specialization. I have 4 years of work experience with their coworkers, employees, and clients. The intended purpose of
at various levels. I have also done a CS course. Your advertisement on these business communications can affect their format or content. When
Naukari com appeals to me to apply for the position of Assistant Account. you understand the different business writing, you can use that knowledge
For further details, I have attached my updated CV. to communicate more effectively and engage your readers. In this article,
Looking forward to your reply. we explain the different types of business writing, provide common
Regards, examples and offer tips to improve your skills.
Hareesh Gowda Examples-1
Memos: Memo
A business memo serves as an instructional form of business writing, Meeting regarding the expansion of work hours. This is to inform all the
providing a concise and less formal way to communicate information staff at Bright Tech Pvt. Ltd that the work hours from 01-06-2023 will be
within an organization. Companies primarily use memos for mass from 9 AM to 6 PM. All employees are requested to co-operate with the
communication rather than personal messages. For instance, the human changes.
resources department might send a memo to employees about changes in Press release
company procedures or policies, while a manager could inform internal
stakeholders about the launch of a new product. Mr. Raj Chowdary has been appointed as the new CEO of Mindtech Pvt.
Ltd. Peenya, Bengaluru, On 25th January 2023, the M D of Mindtech Pvt
Memos typically focus on one purpose and are designed to be quickly read. Ltd. announced the new CEO of the company. Mr Raj Chowadray was a
Though less formal than reports or business letters, they still maintain professor at IIT Bombay from 2011 to 2018. He has a lot of challenges
appropriate language for the workplace. Similar to other types of business before him.
writing, memos include an introduction, body paragraph, conclusion, and
the sender's contact information. Professional Letter Writing
Handbooks Sample 1: Appreciation Letter for Contribution to Project

Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Associate Professor & HOD of English GFGC, Chikkaballapur, Ph; 7899581146 Page 18 of 24
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
Sudhir Kumar Deloitte LLP. Mind Space, Hi-Tech city,
XYZ Colony, 22nd Street Mumbai
Bangalore - 29 10 November 2022
8 June 2020
Dear Sohail Gupta,
Dear Mr. Sudhir, I would like to thank you for your performance on the Blue Fusion project.
Subject: Appreciation letter for Contribution to Project. Your dedication and your hard work on the project to make it successful
We would like to thank you for your outstanding contribution to the XYZ are commendable. We could finish the project within the deadline (January
project. You worked hard and made us proud of this achievement. You 18, 2023) despite the challenges faced. As a gesture of appreciation, you
have been a great leader and your coworkers appreciate you for your are given a salary increment which will reflect in your appraisal cycle and
creative work. With your dedication, we are achieving great success and also paid holiday for a week. You may avail the leave at your convenience.
output for our company, which has resulted in increasing our clients as The human resources department will communicate and will assist you in
well. We would be glad if you could contribute more in the future and help availing your paid leave. Thank you again for your hard work and extra time
us grow. We also expect you to grow more and be successful in the future. on the project Blue Fusion. We expect your continued support for future
Thanking you. projects.
Mr Roy
Best wishes and regards,
Head of Department
Yours Sincerely.
Sample 2: Appreciation Letter for Good Service Nisha Naik.
Sudhir, XYZ Colony, Congratulation letter
22nd Street
Example on starting a new job role.
Bangalore-29
Neha
28th June 2020
No. 46, 6th Cross Gandhi Nagar,
Dear Sudhir, New Delhi- 110010
Subject: Appreciation letter for good service November 01, 2021
We would like to thank you for your great time. The issue that I had with
Dear Neha,
your company has been successfully resolved with no inconvenience.
Subject-Congratulations on starting a new job role
Customer support was also very good. It was a good experience with you
and I hope to work with you in the future as well. The way you deal with I recently heard that you got a new job role as a quality analyst at XYZ
problems and resolve them is a matter of appreciation. Also, your team Company. I am writing to express my heartiest congratulations on the
works with great effort and it's your best quality. We would also like to same. I am so happy for you. I have seen you work hard in your last job, and
recommend your service to other organizations. I know how relentlessly you have been preparing yourself for your current
job role. You sat for various exams and attend online skills training courses
Thank you.
to sharpen your skills. Only a committed individual like yourself can go
Sample 3: Appreciation letter for Hard Work. through all these challenges and still come out stronger. I am sure you will
get more such opportunities in the future where you can use your talent
Sohail Gupta
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Associate Professor & HOD of English GFGC, Chikkaballapur, Ph; 7899581146 Page 19 of 24
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
and potential to rise and excel in whatever it is you do. I am confident that 3. Promotion Letter
splendid success and meaningful opportunities are waiting for you. Once
again, congratulations on your new job role. I am proud of your Sample 1: Promotion Letter
professional success. Surya Investments Pvt. Ltd. No. 4,
Sincerely, Vijayanagar,
Jaya Bangalore -40
21 January 2023
Example of securing a business project
Ramprakash
Saurav
No. 21, TCS Layout, Domlur
No. 46, 6th Cross
Bangalore -45
Gandhi Nagar. New Delhi-110010
November 01, 2021 Dear Ramprakash,
Subject: Promotion as an Assistant Secretary
Dear Saurav,
I have the pleasure to inform you that you have been promoted to
Subject: Congratulations on getting the business project
Assistant Secretary of our company. You are required to take charge of the
Congratulations on doing such an excellent job and developing a great
new assignment on 15th May 2023. Please accept my hearty
software development program for your internal team. I am sure this
congratulations on your promotion. Your salary scale in the promoted
project would change our organization’s work environment and approach
cadre will be Tk. 76,000 and from May 15th, your basic salary will be fixed at
towards software and programmes. This business project is well-thought-
Tk. 32,000 on the said scale. You will be entitled to all other allowances as
out, and it is going to help customers access e-commerce websites with
applicable to the staff-II of the company. Other service conditions remain
much more ease. I could not have imagined it any other way the hard work
unchanged. Please acknowledge receipt of this letter.
you put into this project for over a year now. From approval to design and
Yours,
implementation, you have been patient through it all, and it has paid off
HR
despite the challenges. I am super proud of your achievement. I wish you
Surya Investments Pvt. Ltd
splendid success in all your future endeavours.
Kind regards. Sample 4: Promotion letter format for General Manager
Gaurav
Surya
Exercises: Himami Marketing Pvt. Ltd. No. 4,
1. Write a Congratulate letter to your boss who has won the best project Vijayanagar, Bangalore -40
of the year award. 21 January 2023
2. Write a Congratulate letter to your brother for getting a promotion to Dear Surya,
manager post. Subject: Promotion to General Manager
3. Write a Congratulate letter to your friend who has won the best We are pleased and honoured to inform you that you have been promoted
teacher award. to General Manager in our company. We congratulate you on your
4. Write a Congratulate letter to your mom for opening a new parlour. achievement. With this promotion, you will be assigned new roles and
responsibilities, which you need to adhere to. Take care of almost all the
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Associate Professor & HOD of English GFGC, Chikkaballapur, Ph; 7899581146 Page 20 of 24
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
departments, especially sales projects and finance. With your passion for • Personal blogs
your job and hard work and dedication, you have been appointed to this • Corporate and organizational blogs
position. We expect the same dedication from you in the future. The details • Health and fitness blogs
of the salary structure and compensation benefits will be given to you in an
• Lifestyle blogs
official letter. For any clarification, you can reach the HR department.
Congratulations once again and all the very best. • Fashion and beauty blogs. Photography blogs
Yours Sincerely, How to write a blog?
HR • Start with a strong title.
Himami Marketing Pvt. Ltd. • Make your blog post skimmable.
SOCIAL MEDIA CONTENT WRITING • It is very important to understand your topic.
1. BLOG WRITING • Add strong visuals.
What is a blog?
• Start with a question or a unique sentence that attracts the audience to
read more.
The term "weblog" was shortened to "blog" in 1999, by programmer Peter • Gather all the information about that topic. Write about the importance
Merholz. A blog (a shortened version of "weblog") is an online journal or of the topic and why you are writing on this particular topic.
informational website displaying information in reverse chronological • Engage the audience and ask for their opinions at the end. While writing
order, with the latest posts appearing first at the top. It is a platform where about this topic, you can start with an attractive phrase or a sentence.
a writer or a group of writers share their views on an individual subject.
• Write about the positive and negative aspects you noticed.
Who is the blogger? • Conclude your blog.
A blogger is a person who runs and controls a blog. He or she shares his or SAMPLE: 1
her opinion and knowledge on different topics with a target audience.
Travel Blog
What is blog writing?
Family Vacation Ideas: Our picks for multi-generational trips let us help you
Blogging refers to writing, photography, and other media that are self- create lifelong memories with your loved ones on the trip of a lifetime. The
published online. Blogging started as an opportunity for individuals to write past year has been challenging for families. People have been separated,
diary-style entries, but it has since been incorporated into websites for and time that could have otherwise been spent having quality time has
many businesses. They can be used for anything that involves instead been spent locked down and isolated at home. But now that the
communicating or publishing information on the World Wide Web. worst of the pandemic seems to be over, it's time to reconnect, clean the
Common uses include teaching, educational and corporate use. Your blog slate and form positive and happy memories that will linger far longer than
can be a personal diary, a project collaboration tool, a guide, or any means those of these difficult few months. There is truly no better way to do this
of communicating and publishing information on the web. than a good old-fashioned family vacation. But where can you go as a
Types of blogs: family that will appeal to everyone regardless of their age or interests? It
• Travel blogs turns out that planning the logistics and activities for a diverse group can
be time-consuming. Let our experts show you family vacation ideas that
• Political Blogs
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Associate Professor & HOD of English GFGC, Chikkaballapur, Ph; 7899581146 Page 21 of 24
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
truly live up to the adage, "fun for the whole family. Start Making end in itself; it is vital for sustainable development. Women's full
Memories" participation in all aspects of life, including shared responsibilities for
childcare and household maintenance, is essential. However, women often
Exercises: Write a blog in a proper format on the following topics:
receive less formal education and their capabilities go unrecognized,
1. Title: Corona: India's Journey in the Face of the Pandemic hindering their progress.
India is a diverse nation with 28 states and 8 Union Territories, stands Education as a Tool for Empowerment: Education plays a crucial role in
united in the fight against COVID-19. As the deadly virus emerged, each empowering women by providing them with knowledge, skills, and
State and UT followed the directives of the central government, confidence to participate actively in development. Despite global efforts to
showcasing the strength of our unity. India's densely populated geography expand basic education, millions of women, especially in developing
posed a significant challenge in containing the virus, but the nation fared regions, remain illiterate and lack access to opportunities for personal
relatively well compared to many countries. The first confirmed case was growth and adaptation to societal changes.
reported in Kerala on January 30, 2020, where the state's preparedness
Conclusion: Women's empowerment is a collective responsibility, and
from the Nipah outbreak proved beneficial.
promoting gender equality is crucial for achieving sustainable
During February, the seriousness of the pandemic was overlooked, and development. Empowering women not only benefits them but also
COVID-19 silently spread across the country. In March, the transmission strengthens families, communities, and societies as a whole. To create a
escalated, with cases linked to people returning from affected countries. more inclusive and prosperous world, we must continue to support and
India's response to the pandemic, guided by the Epidemic Diseases Act of empower women in every sphere of life.
1897, exemplifies the coordination between the Central Government, State
governments, and political parties for the well-being of citizens. Despite 3. Writing on Twitter
the challenges ahead, India stands resilient in the face of this How to write content for Twitter?
unprecedented global cry.
Writing content for Twitter is a skill that can be improved with practice and
2. Title: Women Empowerment: A Path to Progress and Equality the right guidance. Each social media platform requires different types of
Introduction: Gender equality is a fundamental human right, and content. Twitter has a character limit, so you need to be clever with your
empowering women plays a crucial role in advancing development and words. Here are some tips for writing content on Twitter:
reducing poverty. Empowered women not only benefit their families and Understand how people talk on Twitter,
communities but also pave the way for a better future for the next Decide what you want to tweet about,
generation. Despite progress, discrimination against women remains Use data to support your points,
widespread, encompassing various forms of inequality. Engage your audience involved,
use images and videos in your tweets.
The Historical Struggle: Throughout history, women have faced inequality
and mistreatment, pushing them to question their status and demand By following these tips, you can make your tweets more interesting and
equality. Women from all corners of the world have been persistent in their engaging.
efforts to empower themselves and achieve gender equality. Understand The Twitter Language:
Importance of Women's Empowerment: Empowering women is not just an To use Twitter effectively, it's important to understand the language and

Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Associate Professor & HOD of English GFGC, Chikkaballapur, Ph; 7899581146 Page 22 of 24
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
terms commonly used on the platform. Here are some key terms to know: Keep it short
Hashtag: A hashtag is a word or phrase preceded by the "#" symbol. It's like Model Question Paper
using keywords to start discussions openly. For example, #genderequality IV Sem. B. Com/ Generic English -L2.
can initiate a conversation on gender, followed by a post with pictures, Time: 2.30 Max. Marks: 60
videos, or GIFs. Tweets with hashtags get more views, and they help people Instructions: Answer all the questions.
find tweets related to similar topics. I. Answer any five of the following questions in one or two sentences each.
2x5=10 marks
Handle: A handle is your username on Twitter. It appears at the end of your 1. Why did the narrator go to Moodigere Bee-keepers" Cooperative Society?
post with the "@" symbol followed by your username. Your Twitter profile Whom did he meet?
name can be your name, but the handle is unique, and no two people can 2. Mandanna and Lakshmana worked in ………….
have the same handle. 3. How much did the bottle of honey cost?
4. Why did Mandanna visit the narrator at Moodigere?
Re-tweet (RT): When you like a tweet by someone else, you can click on the 5. Who is Carvalho? How did Mandanna look up to him?
retweet button and share it with your followers, along with your opinion. This 6. What did Mandanna find in the forests of Norvey?
is called a retweet. 7. Did Carvalho and his team members catch the flying lizard alive?
II. Answer any two of the following questions in a page each. 5x2=10
Mention: Tagging a person in your tweet is called a mention. People use the
1. Write short notes on
handle of different individuals to tag them along or to reply to their tweets. a. Kariappa or
3. Writing on Instagram b. Yenkta
2. Narrate how the bees attacked when the Minister addressed the public at
How to write captions for Instagram marketing posts? Moodigere.
3. Describe Mandanna's role in illicit brewing.
Writing captions for Instagram marketing posts is crucial for capturing
4. Discuss the relationship between the narrator and his dog Kiwi.
audience attention and engagement. While the visual quality of the photos
plays a significant role in gaining followers, the task doesn't stop there. A III. Answer any one of the following questions in 2-3 pages. 10x1=10
captivating caption gives a voice to the visual content and enhances its 1. The flying lizard plays a significant role in the novella Carvalho.
Substantiate
impact. A well-crafted Instagram caption serves to describe the photo's
2. Narrate the first encounter between the narrator and Mandanna and
context, encourages action, or even adds humour, making the content more
Lakshmana.
enjoyable and interactive for the audience.
IV. Answer any two of the following questions in a page each: 5x2=10
Steps to follow: 1. Discuss the development of the theme of transience and permanence as
Create a first impression. discussed in the poem Ode on the Grecian Urn'.
Include call to action, 2. How does a mother symbolize a traditional reverent attitude toward
Ask a question to increase curiosity. nature in the poem 'Ecology'?
Offer tips/ tricks, 3. What did Vandana Shiva learn from the Chipko movement?
Use phrases / anecdotes, 4. Write about Devi Shetty's view on women's empowerment.
Use emojis, V. Explain the steps of Preparing a Pechakucha presentation. OR 1x5=5
Use hashtags, Bring out the relevance of Pecha Kucha in today's presentation skills.

Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Associate Professor & HOD of English GFGC, Chikkaballapur, Ph; 7899581146 Page 23 of 24
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
VI. Answer any one of the following 1x5=5 https://youtube.com/channel/UCPa6cOLN0wIZRQe9xHfg4FQ
1. What is business writing? Write an example of business writing.
2. Draft a speech on the following topic in one page: "Poverty is a state of
mind.'"
3. Narrate your travel to a historical place in a page:
VII. Answer any one of the following. 1x5=5
1. Draft a mail to enquire about Summer Camp Courses.
2. Write a Congratulate letter to your boss who has won the best project of
the year award.
3. Write a promotion letter from Vice- Principal to Principal.
VIII Answer any one of the following. 1x5=5
1. Write a blog on the following topic CORONA'.
2. Write a tweet on behalf of Bangalore Traffic Police department to inform
your followers about the importance of following traffic rules.
3. Write caption for the following pictures to promote on Instagram:

Best Wishes From:

Prof.B.R.VENKATA RAMU,
Associate Professor & HOD of English
GOVT. FIRST GRADE COLLEGE, Chikkaballapur
PH: 7899581146: Email: [email protected]
For more details subscribe to my YouTube channel:

Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Associate Professor & HOD of English GFGC, Chikkaballapur, Ph; 7899581146 Page 24 of 24