DETERMINATION OF CHLORIDE (CI)
OBJECTIVE: To determine the ccrcenration of chloride present in a given sample of water.
INTRODUCTION:
anions in water and wastewater. In potable
Chloride, in the form of chloride ion, is one of the major inorganic and dependent on the chemical
is variable
water, the salty taste produced by chloride concentration varying concentration. The chloride content
composition of water. Chlorides occur in all natural water in widely supplies usually are quite low in
and mountain
normally increases as the mineral content increases. Uplandconsiderable amount. Human excreta, particularly
chlorides, whereas river and ground waters usually have a consumed with food and water. Many
the chlorides
the urine, contain chloride in an amount about equal to chloride content may harm metallic pipes
industrial wastes contain appreciable amounts of chlorides. A high
and structures, as well as growing plants.
SELECTION OF THE METHOD:
preference. Argentometric Method or Silver
The selection of a particular method is mostly a matter of
sulfite ions are not present to interfere, the
Nitrate Method is convenient where sulfide, thiosulfate and
should be within 10mg/l.
phosphate if present should not be greater than 25 mg/land iron
problem in the water sample,
Mercuric Nitrate Method is much less subject to interference. If colour offers a
standard method.
the determination can be performed Potentiometrically as described in
The Argentometric Method is followed and discussed here.
PRINCIPLE:
end point of the silver nitrate
In a neutral or slightly alkaline solution, potassium chromate can indicate the
chromate is formed.
titration of chloride. Silver chloride is precipitated quantitatively before red silver
(1) Ag' +Cr ® AgCi [white precipitate] (2) 2Ag* +CrO, ® Ag,CrO, [red precipitate]
REAGENTS:
1) Potassium chromate indicator solution: Dissolve 50 g K,CrO, in a little distilled water. Add silver
nitrate solution until adefinite red precipitate is formed. Allow to stand 12 hr, filter and dilute the filtrate
to 1liter with distilled water.
2) Standard silver nitrate titrant, 0.0141N: Dissolve 2.395 g A.gNO, and dilute to 1 liter. Standardize
against 0.0141N NaCl. 1ml 0.0141 AgNO,= 500 ug Cl.
3) Standard sodiurn chloride, 0.0141N: Dissolve 824.1 mg NaCl (dried at 140°C) in chloride free water
and dilute to 1000 ml.
PROCEDURE:
1) Take 100 ml or a suitable portion diluted to 100 ml in an Erlenmeyer flask adjusted to pH 7.0-8.0 and
add 1 ml K,CrO4.
2) Titrate with standard AgNO, solution tillAg,CrO, starts precipitating as pale red precipitate.
3) Standardize AgNO, against standard NaCi.
4) Titrate distiled water in the same way to find out the blank valu.
CALCULATION:
mgí Cl = (A-8) XNX 35 450
mlof sample
A= ml of titrant for sample.
B= ml of titrant for blank.
N= normality of AgNO,
DATASHEET
Normality of AgNO,:
Date of experiment: Source of sample:
Concentration of Mean of chloride
Final burette Volume of concentration
Sample Initial burette chloride
reading (ml) titrant (ml) (mgllas CI)
no. reading (ml) (mgllas Cl)
B=
Blank
Name of the student:
Roll No.: Teacher - In - Charge
Class:
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