SRI SRI RAVISHANKAR VIDYA MANDIR, MULUND
FIRST TERM (2025 – 2026)
BIOLOGY - NOTES
Ch. 11. Digestive System
STD.: IX Div. ______ Date : 23/07/25
Name: ______________________ Roll no. ________
Q.1. Name the following :-
i) The three subdivisions of the small intestine. – Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
ii) The pointed tooth for holding and tearing. – Canine
iii) End product of digestion of sucrose. – Glucose and fructose.
iv) Enzyme that converts maltose into glucose. - Maltase
v) Enzyme which digests fats in ileum. – Lipase
vi) The opening of the stomach into the intestine - Pylorus
Q.2. State whether the following statements are true or false. If false, correct it by
changing only the last word :-
i) Iodine is used for testing starch.
ii) The expulsion of undigested food from the alimentary canal is called excretion.
iii) Amylase converts starch into maltose.
iv) Bile is produced by pancreas.
v) A lymph vessels is called lacteal.
vi) Starch is a monosaccharide.
Ans. – i) True; ii) False; defaecation, iii) True;
iv) False; liver v) True; vi) False; Polysaccharide.
Q.3. Differentiate between the following:-
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Cardiac sphincter Pyloric sphincter
It guards the opening of oesophagus into It guards the opening of stomach into the
the stomach. duodenum.
Q.4. Write the role of the following enzymes:
1 Pepsin Converts proteins into peptides.
2 Trypsin Converts proteins and polypeptides into small peptides and amino
acids.
3 Lipase Hydrolyses fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
4 Rennin Converts milk protein/ casein into insoluble peptide –paracasein.
5 Sucrase Converts sucrose into glucose and fructose.
6 Amylase Convers starch into maltose
7 Lactase Converts lactose into glucose and galactose
8 Maltase Converts maltose into glucose
Q.5. Answer the following questions :-
i) Define peristalsis. Mention its role in digestion.
Ans. The movement of food along the
oesophagus and rest of the alimentary
canal is brought about by the rhythmic
contraction and relaxation of the muscular
walls. The rhythmic waves of contraction
and relaxation by which food moves down
the alimentary canal is called peristalsis.
Peristalsis thus help in the movement of
food downwards in the alimentary canal.
ii) What are epiglottis? State its function.
Ans. Epiglottis is a flap – like muscular
tissue on the glottis. It prevents the entry of food into the trachea while swallowing the food.
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iii) What are villi?
Ans. Villi are finger-like structure present in the inner surface of small intestine which increase
the surface area for absorption of digested food.
iv) Which part of human digestive system is associated with:-
a) Ingestion of food - Mouth and Oesophagus
b) Digestion of food – Mouth, Stomach and small intestine
c) Absorption of food – Small intestine
d) Absorption of water - Large intestine
v) Name the different kinds of teeth in mammals and state their functions.
Ans. Type of Teeth Function
Incisors Cutting
Canine Tearing
Premolar Coarse grinding
Molar Fine grinding
vi) State the importance of hydrochloric acid in stomach.
Ans. Hydrochloric acid in stomach performs two functions :
i) It kills bacteria swallowed along the food.
ii) It provides an acidic medium for pepsin to act upon proteins.
vii) What are enzymes? Give three characteristics of enzymes.
Ans. Enzymes are chemical compounds, proteinaceous in nature, produced in the cells of
living organisms and acts as biocatalyst.
Characteristics of Enzymes are :
a) It is a protein and is, therefore, destroyed by heating.
b) It acts only on one kind of substance called the substrate, i.e. it is specific.
c) It always forms the same end-product (s) from the substrate.
Q.6. State the functions of the following :-
i) Tongue – Rolls the food for proper mixing of saliva and forces the bolus ( the ball of chewed
food) into the pharynx.
ii) Pancreas – It produces digestive juices for digestion and insulin a hormone.
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iii) Saliva – Moistens and lubricates food which helps in swallowing.
iv) Pylorus – To keep the opening of stomach into the intestine closed like a valve to prevent
food from passing until it is thoroughly churned up.
v) Villi – Absorption of food.
vi) Bile – It reduces the surface tension of fats and break them into tiny droplets
(emulsification) for providing greater surface area for the action of enzymes.
vii) Colon – Absorbs water and some remnants of digested food.
viii) Rectum – Temporarily stores undigested food and wastes.
Q.7. Observe the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow:
i) Label the parts A, B, C and D
ii) Name the part following part labeled ‘D’
A iii) Name the pigments which give colour to the bile.
B iv) State any one importance of villi.
C Ans. i) A: Common bile duct B: Gall bladder C: Pancreas
D
D: Duodenum; ii) Jejunum; iii) Biliverdin and bilirubin
iv) Increase in surface area of absorption
Q.8. Define:
1. Assimilation - Assimilation is the conversion of the absorbed digested food into body
material.
2. Digestion - Digestion is the breaking down of complex insoluble organic compounds into
simple soluble molecules by the action of digestive enzymes.
3. Dentition - The arrangement of different types and number of teeth in the buccal cavity is
called dentition.
4. Dental formula – Dental formula is an expression of the number of the teeth of each kind in
one half of upper and lower jaw.
Q.9. Select the correct answer to the questions from the given options.
1] Where in the digestive system is water reabsorbed?
a) large intestine b) mouth
c) oesophagus d) small intestine
2] Which enzymes are produced by the stomach?
a) Pepsin and Ptyalin b) Pepsin and Rennin
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c) Trypsin and Steapsin d) Sucrose and Lactase
3] Which of the following statement is correct?
a) Absorption of digested food takes place in large intestine
b) Assimilation of food takes place in large intestine
c) Large intestine has finger like projections called villi
d) Large intestine is wider and shorter than small intestine
4] The part of large intestine which is a small blind pouch situated at the junction of the small
and large intestine.
a) vermiform appendix b) rectum
c) caecum d) colon
5] Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of
reason.
Assertion : Presence of HCl in stomach is necessary for the process of digestion.
Reason : HCl kills and inhibits the growth of bacteria in the stomach.
Mark the correct choice as:
a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.
6) Assertion (A): Assertion: Ingestion of food is difficult without teeth.
Reason (R): Our teeth vary in appearance and perform different functions.
a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of assertion (A).
b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true, but reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of assertion (A).
c) Assertion (A) is true, but reason (R) is false.
d) Assertion (A) is false, but reason (R) is true.
7)
a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of assertion (A).
b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true, but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
c) Assertion (A) is true, but reason (R) is false.
d) Assertion (A) is false, but reason (R) is true
8) The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the oesophagus is known as
a) churning b) grinding c) swallowing d) peristalsis
9) Which of the following is true of bile salts?
a) They are enzymes
b) They are manufactured by the pancreas
c) They emulsify fats in the duodenum
d) They increase the efficiency of pepsin action.
