The Human Heart:
AORTA
Structure and Function VENA CAVA
LEFT
ATRIUM
RIGHT
NAME = PRINCE RAJ ATRIUM LEFT
CLASS = 10 ‘B’ VENTRICLE
ROLL NO. = 30
RIGHT
VENTRICLE
What is the Human Heart?
Muscular Organ Pumps Blood Central Location
A powerful, muscular organ about the Its primary role is to pump blood Located in the chest, nestled between
size of your fist. continuously throughout the body. the lungs, slightly left of the breastbone.
This vital organ ensures every cell receives essential oxygen and nutrients, keeping us alive.
Importance of the Heart
Circulation Control Nutrient Delivery
Keeps blood flowing continuously, preventing stagnation. Delivers oxygen, hormones, and vital nutrients to every cell
and tissue.
Waste Removal System Regulation
Efficiently removes carbon dioxide and metabolic waste Plays a crucial role in maintaining stable blood pressure and
products from the body. heart rate.
Structure of the Heart: Four Chambers
The human heart is divided into four distinct chambers that work in
harmony to pump blood effectively.
• Two Upper Chambers: Right Atrium and Left Atrium (also
known as auricles). These receive blood.
• Two Lower Chambers: Right Ventricle and Left Ventricle.
These pump blood out of the heart.
The right side of the heart is responsible for pumping deoxygenated
blood to the lungs, while the left side pumps oxygenated blood to the
rest of the body.
Heart Wall Layers
Endocardium
Myocardium The smooth, innermost layer that lines
Epicardium This is the thick, muscular middle layer. the heart's chambers and covers its
The outermost protective layer of the Composed of specialized cardiac muscle valves. Its smooth surface ensures that
heart wall, also known as the visceral tissue, it is responsible for the powerful blood flows easily without clotting.
layer of the serous pericardium. It helps contractions that pump blood.
to lubricate and protect the heart.
Valves of the Heart
• Tricuspid Valve: Located between the right atrium and right
ventricle.
• Pulmonary Valve: Situated between the right ventricle and the
pulmonary artery.
• Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve: Found between the left atrium and left
ventricle.
• Aortic Valve: Positioned between the left ventricle and the aorta.
These four valves act as one-way gates, ensuring that blood flows in
the correct direction and preventing any backflow within the heart.
Their precise opening and closing create the characteristic "lub-dub"
sound of a heartbeat.
Blood Vessels Connected to the Heart
Vena Cava Pulmonary Artery
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava bring deoxygenated blood Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the
from the body to the right atrium. lungs for oxygenation.
Pulmonary Veins Aorta
Bring oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left The body's largest artery, carrying oxygenated blood from the
atrium. left ventricle to the rest of the body.
Types of Circulation
The heart orchestrates three main types of circulation to ensure the entire body receives blood and waste is removed.
Pulmonary Circulation Systemic Circulation Coronary Circulation
Heart → Lungs → Heart: This circuit Heart → Body → Heart: The largest Heart → Heart Muscle: This specific
focuses on oxygenating the blood. circuit, delivering oxygenated blood from circulation supplies oxygen-rich blood
Deoxygenated blood is sent to the lungs to the heart to all body tissues and organs, directly to the heart muscle itself,
release CO2 and pick up O2, then returns and returning deoxygenated blood back to ensuring it has the energy to pump
to the heart. the heart. continuously.
Well-Labelled Diagram of the Human Heart
Valves & Layers
All valves and wall layers labeled
Left Ventricle
Pumps blood to body (red)
Left Atrium
Receives oxygenated blood
Right Ventricle
Pumps blood to lungs (blue)
Right Atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood
This diagram provides a comprehensive view of the heart's anatomy, illustrating how its intricate parts work together to sustain life.
Summary: The Heart’s Role in Life
Key Takeaways:
• The heart is an incredibly efficient and tireless pump, fundamental to all bodily functions.
• Its continuous action ensures that vital oxygen and nutrients reach every cell while waste is removed.
• Understanding its structure and function provides insight into the marvel of human biology.
• Prioritize heart health through regular exercise, a balanced diet, and stress management.
Thank you for your attention!
