Dispersion is the splitting of white light
into its constituent colors when passing
through a prism.
This phenomenon results in a spectrum
of colors, commonly remembered by the
acronym VIBGYOR (Violet, Indigo, Blue,
Green, Yellow, Orange, Red). Dispersion of Light
Natural dispersion can be observed in
rainbows formed by water droplets in Light is essential for visibility; without it,
the atmosphere. objects cannot be seen.
Devices like kaleidoscopes utilize the
Light Phenomena
In a dark room, objects cannot be seen
principles of multiple reflections to What Makes Things Visible due to the absence of light.
create beautiful patterns.
Light from outside can enter the room,
Periscopes allow viewing over obstacles allowing visibility of external objects.
by reflecting light through angled
mirrors. Applications of Light Principles Introduction to Light
The laws of reflection state that the
incident ray, normal, and reflected ray
Understanding light behavior is lie in the same plane.
essential in various fields, including
optics and photography.
Laws of Reflection The angle of incidence is equal to the
angle of reflection, which is
fundamental in understanding how
light behaves when it strikes a surface.
Vision occurs when light reflects off
objects and enters the eye, forming an
image on the retina.
Occurs on smooth and polished surfaces.
The brain processes these images,
allowing us to perceive our
surroundings. Reflected rays remain parallel and
How We See travel in one direction.
Regular Reflection
The ability to focus on objects at varying
distances is known as accommodation, Examples include mirrors and polished
facilitated by ciliary muscles. wooden tables.
Myopia (nearsightedness) occurs when
Vision and Light Types of Reflection Takes place on rough surfaces where
reflected rays scatter in different
distant objects appear blurry, often
Light - Class 8
directions.
corrected with concave lenses.
Hypermetropia (farsightedness) makes
it difficult to see nearby objects,
Science This type of reflection does not violate
the laws of reflection; it simply results
from surface irregularities.
corrected with convex lenses. Diffused Reflection
Common Eye Problems
Common examples include chalk
Other issues include cataracts, which powder and cardboard surfaces.
cloud the lens, and color blindness,
affecting color perception.
When two mirrors are placed at an
angle, multiple images can be formed
The human eye consists of various parts, due to the reflection of light.
including the cornea, lens, iris, and
retina.
The number of images depends on the
Multiple Images angle between the mirrors.
The iris controls the amount of light
entering the eye by adjusting the size of
the pupil. Structure of the Eye For example, three images are formed at
right angles, while infinite images are
Properties of Images Formed formed with parallel mirrors.
The retina is crucial for forming images by Mirrors
and contains photoreceptor cells (rods
and cones). The image is virtual, located behind the
mirror, and of the same size as the object.
The Human Eye
Proper eye care includes regular check-
ups, using suitable spectacles if needed, Characteristics of Images in Plane The image is laterally inverted, meaning
and maintaining good lighting while Mirrors left and right are switched.
reading.
The distance of the image from the
Avoiding direct sunlight and washing Care of the Eyes mirror equals the distance of the object
eyes frequently with clean water are in front of it.
also important for eye health.
