BOOK OVERVIEWS

New Testament
Table of Contents
Matthew. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 I John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Luke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 II John. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
John. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 III John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Acts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Jude. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Romans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Revelation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
I Corinthians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
II Corinthians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Galatians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Ephesians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Philippians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Colossians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
I Thessalonians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
II Thessalonians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
I Timothy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
II Timothy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Titus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Philemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Hebrews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
James . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
I Peter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

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New Testament Book Overviews Matthew

Outline
1. Presentation of the King (1-7)

2. Advancement of the Kingdom (8-10)

3. Opposition to the King (11-13)

4. Compassion & Glory of the King (14-18)

5. Program of the King (19-25)

6. Crucifixion & Resurrection of the King (26-28)

What does it say?

Matthew presents the life, ministry and death of Jesus in order to demonstrate that Jesus is the long-
awaited messianic king. He repeatedly reaches back into the Old Testament, validating Jesus’ claims
that he is the Christ. From Matthew’s pen we also gain a picture of Jesus as the King with a radical
kingdom. The kingdom dominates this book, as Jesus unfolds its characteristics, values, strategies, and
future.

Matthew’s gospel opens with the presentation of Jesus - his ancestry, miraculous birth, prophetic
fulfillment, identification, opposition by Satan, and his message of the kingdom. As the book progresses
our understanding of Jesus’ identity and mission grows, but so does opposition to him. The religious
and political leaders object to Jesus, plotting ways they might kill him. At the same time, Jesus moves
purposely towards Jerusalem, predicting his own suffering and death. As do the other gospel writers,
Matthew concludes his account with the horrendous crucifixion, glorious resurrection, and wonderful
challenge to make disciples of this Jesus.

Faces & Places

Matthew contains a cast of colorful characters and places. Central, of course, is the Lord Jesus Christ.

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His words, actions, and even mere presence at times greatly impact the people around him. The reader’s
intrigue of this man called Jesus grows as he teaches, touches, and even is rejected and nailed to a cruel
cross.

In Matthew’s gospel a wide variety of people surround Jesus. Two groups of men are the most prominent.
The disciples - the sometimes brilliant, sometimes dull followers of Jesus - and the religious and
political leaders of the day - Pharisees, Sadducees, Scribes, chief priests - who rejected Jesus. Most
notable among the disciples are Peter, James, John, and the traitor Judas.

Other people woven into this story include Mary & Joseph, Herod, Magi, the rustic prophet John the
Baptist, Satan, Moses & Elijah, little children, a rich but sad young man, an extravagant woman with
perfume, the high priest Caiaphas, Pilate, Joseph of Arimathea, soldiers, and a handful of stunned
women.

Matthew also records the identity of people who are the objects of Jesus’ miracles: a Centurion with
great faith, Peter’s mother-in-law, the demon possessed, a paralytic with some faithful friends, a
bleeding woman who dared to touch Jesus, a dying daughter, 5,000 hungry men and their families, a
foreign but believing woman, 4,000 hungry men and their families, a demon possessed boy, and two
shouting blind men.

Also intriguing is the cast of people in Jesus’ parables: a sower, a sheepherder, an unmerciful servant,
vineyard workers, two sons, abusive tenants, a king with a wedding banquet, ten virgins, three entrusted
servants, sheep & goats.

In Matthew’s gospel we journey to a number of significant places. Among them are: Bethlehem - Jesus’
birthplace, Jerusalem, Egypt, Galilee, Nazareth, Judea, the Jordan River, the desert, Capernaum, the Sea
of Galilee, Tyre, Sidon, Caesarea Philippi, Jericho, Bethany, Gethsemane, and Golgotha.

Key Verses & Themes

The Kingdom of Heaven:
The theme of Jesus’ kingdom permeates Matthew’s gospel account. “Jesus went throughout Galilee
. . . preaching the good news of the kingdom” (Matthew 4:23).

Repentance:
The message of both Jesus and John the Baptist is one of repentance. “From that time on Jesus
began to preach, ‘Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near’” (Matthew 4:17).

Faith:
Jesus frequently commends or rebukes people according to their faith. “I tell you the truth, if you
have faith as small as a mustard seed, you can say to this mountain, ‘Move from here to there’ and
it will move. Nothing will be impossible for you’” (Matthew 17:20).

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So what?
Matthew presents Jesus as the Son of God who delivers people from their sins. Many rejected him,
some believed him. Like the various characters in the book, I must either embrace him or reject him.
Do I believe in this radical man named Jesus?

We also see Jesus as the true Messiah who is establishing his kingdom. Throughout the book of Matthew,
Jesus teaches concerning his kingdom. Am I exhibiting the character qualities of kingdom people? Is
my hope in Jesus’ return as he promised?

Matthew’s gospel closes with Jesus’ exhortation to make disciples. Am I active in building up followers
of Jesus Christ?

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New Testament Book Overviews Mark

Outline
1. Jesus appears as a servant to the multitudes. (1:1-8:26)

2. Jesus is pictured as a servant to the disciples. (8:27-10:52)

3. Jesus is shown as a sacrifice to the world. (11:1-16:20)

What does it say?

Mark presents Jesus as the Servant who came to sacrifice his own life in order to provide salvation. This
is captured in 10:45, “For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his
life as a ransom for many.”

In addition to Jesus’ miracles and teaching, Mark underscores several statements to emphasize Jesus’
identity. With others making wrong guesses, Peter declares: “You are the Christ” (8:29). The centurion
witnesses how Jesus dies and says, “Surely this man was the Son of God” (15:39). Even the demons
testify, “You are the Son of God” (3:11; cf. 1:24; 5:7).

Mark is the shortest of all the gospel accounts and the book portrays Jesus as a purposeful Servant.
In story after story Jesus is seen constantly ministering to others through healing the sick, teaching,
casting out demons, and ultimately, sacrificing his own life. Although the opposition mounts and his
followers forsake him, Jesus stays the course and is crucified. The book closes with the climax of Jesus’
glorious resurrection.

Faces & Places

As in all four gospels, the primary focus is squarely on Jesus Christ. He actively and purposefully moves
through these pages. The book moves at a quick pace with Jesus healing the sick, casting out demons,
teaching the crowds, feeding the hungry, instructing his disciples, as well as taking time to withdraw
and pray.

Throughout Mark’s gospel, Jesus is surrounded by fascinating characters. Some rejected Jesus, not

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believing him to be the Christ, the Son of God. Among these were the Pharisees, the teachers of the law,
the Sadducees, King Herod and his vengeful wife Herodias, a sad wealthy man, the high priest, Pilate,
and the soldiers.

Others believed (to some degree) that Jesus was the Messiah. This odd assortment includes John the
Baptist, the disciples (with special attention given to Peter), a leper, a paralytic with four faithful
friends, numerous crowds, a synagogue ruler named Jairus, a social outcast because of her continual
bleeding, thousands of hungry men, a woman of Syrian Phoenicia, a deaf and mute man, a blind man
who recovered in stages, Moses and Elijah, little children, blind Bartimaeus, Joseph of Arimathea, and
a few women. Even the demons repeatedly recognized Jesus to be the Son of God.

Among the intriguing places visited in Mark’s gospel are: Judea, Jerusalem, Nazareth, Galilee, the Sea
of Galilee, the region of the Gerasenes, Bethsaida, the vicinity of Tyre, the region of the Decapolis, the
region of Dalmanutha, Caesarea Philippi, Jericho, the Mount of Olives, Bethany, the temple courts,
Gethsemane, the courtyard of the high priest, and Golgotha.

Key Verses & Themes

Servanthood:
“Whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant, and whoever wants to be first
must be slave of all. For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his
life as a ransom for many” (Mark 10:43-45).

Discipleship:
“If anyone would come after me, he must deny himself and take up his cross and follow me. For
whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for me and for the gospel will
save it” (Mark 8:34-35).

Jesus’ Death and Resurrection:

“He then began to teach them that the Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the
elders, chief priests and teachers of the law, and that he must be killed and after three days rise
again” (Mark 8:31).

So what?
In his gospel account, Mark highlights the various responses to Jesus. Many were amazed at him, a
number were terrified because of him, some believed in him, and others hated him, ultimately putting
him to death. We, the readers, must respond to this Jesus as well. The primary response mentioned in
Mark is belief. Do I believe in Jesus? Am I characterized by faith, such as the bleeding woman and blind
Bartimaeus exhibited? Or am I like the disciples, whom Jesus often rebuked for lacking faith?

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Another key area of application is that of servanthood. Jesus modeled and taught the necessity of
having a servant’s attitude toward others. Am I willing to serve my Lord as well as the family and
friends God has given to me? Do I seek to save my soul, or do I lose my soul for Christ’s sake (Mark
8:34)?

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New Testament Book Overviews Luke

Outline
1. Presentation (1:1-4:13)

2. Ministry in Galilee (4:14-9:50)

3. Ministry en route to Jerusalem (9:51-19:27)

4. Ministry in Jerusalem (19:28-21:38)

5. Crucifixion & Resurrection (22:1-24:53)

What does it say?

Luke constructs an orderly account of the life and ministry of Jesus Christ, showing him as the Son of
God who became the Son of Man in order to seek and to save sinful people. Jesus is a man whose birth
and early life are covered with the fingerprints of God. His qualifications - physically and spiritually -
are superb. In his ministry Jesus identifies with the lowly, exhibits compassion and mercy, yet possesses
divine authority. Jesus seeks out the people through healing, teaching, casting out demons, asking
questions, and telling captivating stories - all with awe-inspiring grace and wisdom. Jesus’ death and
resurrection reverberate with his power to save. It is because Jesus suffered, died, and rose again that
“repentance and forgiveness of sins will be preached in his name to all the nations” (24:47).

Faces & Places

Luke paints Jesus as a brilliant, gracious, and powerful man who extends salvation to sinners. The
hurting people, the common folk, the foreigners, the outcasts, are captivated by him and his message,
while the proud and arrogant reject him.

The personalities that surrounded our Lord are colorfully described by Luke. These include Zechariah,
Elizabeth, the angel Gabriel, Joseph, Mary, the Holy Spirit, John (the Baptist), awe-struck shepherds,
angels, Simeon, Anna, Herod, Pontius Pilate, the devil, the demon possessed, Simon’s mother-in-law,
the twelve disciples (with special attention given to Peter), a leper, Pharisees, teachers of the law, a

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centurion with great faith, a widow and her son, a Pharisee named Simon, a woman with a sinful past
and a loving heart, a synagogue ruler named Jairus and his daughter, a bleeding woman, 5000 hungry
men, Moses & Elijah, seventy-two thrilled disciples, Martha, Mary, large crowds, a man with dropsy,
a prominent Pharisee, tax collectors, “sinners,” ten lepers, little children, a rich ruler, a blind beggar,
Zacchaeus the tax collector, chief priests, Sadducees, a poor but generous widow, Pilate, two crucified
criminals - one abusive, the other repentant, Joseph of Arimathea, a group of women, two “men” with
gleaming clothes, and two men (one named Cleopas) on their way to Emmaus.

Luke also includes more of Jesus’ parables than the other gospel writers. In these we meet a sower, a
compassionate Samaritan, a shepherd with one lost sheep, a woman with one lost coin, a father with
one outwardly rebellious son and one inwardly rebellious, a shrewd manager, a rich man and a poor
man, a persistent widow, a Pharisee and a tax collector, ten servants entrusted with money, the owner
of a vineyard and his tenants,

The places we visit along with Jesus include the temple, Nazareth, Judea, Bethlehem, shepherds’ fields,
the Jordan river, the desert, Capernaum, the Sea of Galilee, Nain, the region of the Gerasenes, Bethsaida,
a Samaritan village, Jericho, Jerusalem, the Mount of Olives, an upper room, the high priest’s house,
the place called the skull, the road to Emmaus, and the vicinity of Bethany.

Key Verses & Themes

Forgiveness:
“Therefore, I tell you, her many sins have been forgiven - for she loved much. But he who has been
forgiven little loves little” (Luke 7:47).

Saving the Lost:

“For the Son of Man came to seek and to save what was lost” (Luke 19:10).

Prayer:
“Jesus often withdrew to lonely places and prayed” (Luke 5:16).

So what?
Luke presents the unique life of Jesus the Son of Man to awaken and deepen the faith of his readers. He
is able to identify with, love, and save us. The most significant point of application is, Do I respond in
faith to this Savior? Have I, like the prodigal son, returned to my Father’s loving embrace?

In Luke’s gospel Jesus calls people to radical discipleship, a life that incorporates humility, love,
abandonment, forgiveness, faith, obedience, repentance, and prayer. Am I willing to forsake all in order
to walk with Jesus? Am I so captivated with this Man that I lose my life for his sake?

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New Testament Book Overviews John

Outline
1. Prologue (1:1-18)

2. Public Ministry to the People (1:19-12:50)

3. Private Ministry to His Disciples (13:1-17:26)

4. Crucifixion & Resurrection (18:1-20:31)

5. Epilogue (21:1-25)

What does it say?

John has the clearest purpose statement in the Bible: “But these [miraculous signs] are written that
you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his
name” (20:31). John’s gospel is designed to encourage a life of faith, so that we will experience life.

John draws upon teachings, events and interactions to demonstrate that Jesus is God in the flesh, and
thus perfectly suited to sacrifice his life and offer eternal life. John highlights seven miraculous signs
(2:1-10; 4:43-53; 5:1-9; 6:1-13; 16-21; 9:1-34; 11:1-44) to demonstrate Jesus’ deity. Also included
are seven “I am” statements, pointing the reader to recognize Jesus’ identity (6:35; 8:12; 10:7; 10:11;
11:25; 14:6; 15:1). The ultimate “sign” is Jesus’ death and resurrection, offering solid proof to his
claims.

Faces & Places

John places the spotlight on Jesus, the Son of God. He is God incarnate, the sacrificial lamb, the bread
of life, the light of the world, the gate for the sheep, the good shepherd, God’s Son, the resurrection &
the life, the way, the truth, & the life, and the true vine.

In John’s gospel many intriguing personalities surround the Lord. These include John (the Baptist),
the Holy Spirit, the disciples (with attention given to Andrew, Simon Peter, Philip, Nathanael, Judas

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Iscariot, and “the disciple Jesus loved” - probably John), Jesus’ mother, temple merchants, Nicodemus,
the Pharisees, a Samaritan woman, a royal official, a disabled man, 5,000 hungry men, a boy with bread
and fish, antagonistic Jews, an adulterous woman, a man blind from birth & his parents, Lazarus, Mary,
Martha, chief priests, the high priest Caiaphas, a detachment of soldiers, Annas, Pilate, a group of
women, and Joseph of Arimathea.

Some of the places we visit in John’s gospel are Bethany, Cana, Capernaum, Jerusalem, the Judean
countryside, Galilee, Sychar, the Sea of Galilee, the Mount of Olives, the temple courts, the Kidron
Valley, an olive grove, Pilate’s palace, Golgotha, and a new tomb in a garden.

Key Verses & Themes

Belief:
“Jesus did many other miraculous signs in the presence of his disciples, which are not recorded in
this book. But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and
that by believing you may have life in his name” (John 20:30-31).

Eternal Life:
“For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall
not perish but have eternal life” (John 3:16).

Jesus’ Submission to the Father:

“For I did not speak of my own accord, but the Father who sent me commanded me what to say and
how to say it. I know that his command leads to eternal life. So whatever I say is just what the Father
has told me to say” (John 12:49-50).

So what?
The predominant theme of John’s Gospel is the response of faith to the person of Jesus Christ. The
primary point of application is obvious: Do I believe in Jesus, the Son of God? Am I born again and, as
a result, experience the eternal life Jesus talked about?

When we come to believe in Christ it should affect the way we live. Jesus stresses serving and loving one
another. What characterizes my relationships with fellow Christians? Have I washed any feet lately?
Do people know that I am a follower of Jesus because of my love for others?

Jesus also emphasizes the crucial role of the Holy Spirit in the believer’s life. Am I open to his work of
conviction, instruction, and guidance?

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New Testament Book Overviews Acts

Outline
1. Witnesses in Jerusalem (chs. 1-7)

2. Witnesses in Judea & Samaria (chs. 8-12)

3. Witnesses to the Ends of the Earth (chs. 13-28)

What does it say?

The book of Acts resumes where the gospel accounts leave off. Luke begins this historical record of
the early church with Jesus’ charge to wait for the Holy Spirit. On the day of Pentecost the Spirit
descends on each of the disciples, filling and empowering them for ministry. From that point, they
enthusiastically proclaim Jesus, his death, and his resurrection. Even persecution and hardship fail to
silence their voices for the resurrected Jesus. The apostles begin their proclamation of the gospel in
Jerusalem but, due to persecution, fan out to Judea, Samaria, and to the Gentile nations. Pivotal to this
expansion are the missionary journeys by Paul, Barnabas, and others. By the end of Acts, the gospel has
spread throughout the Roman Empire.

Faces & Places

The central character in the book of Acts is the Holy Spirit. Among his various activities he fills, baptizes,
empowers, enables, testifies, transports, encourages, communicates, instructs, directs, restrains, warns,
compels, and appoints.

Also pivotal are the apostles, especially Peter and Paul. Peter is the main apostle in the first 12 chapters,
while Paul assumes the prominent role in the last 16 chapters.

Other characters include Jesus just prior to his ascension, Matthias, John, a man crippled from birth,
Annas the high priest, Barnabas, Ananias & Sapphira, angels, the Sanhedrin, Gamaliel, Stephen, Philip,
a sorcerer named Simon, an Ethiopian eunuch, a disciple named Ananias, Aeneas, Dorcas, a centurion
named Cornelius, a servant girl by the name of Rhoda, Herod, John Mark, a cripple from Lystra, James,
Silas, Timothy, Lydia, a jailer in Philippi, angry Jews, the noble people of Berea, the husband and wife

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team of Aquila & Priscilla, Apollos, Demetrius, Eutychus, Paul’s nephew, Felix, Festus, King Agrippa,
and a centurion named Julius.

In the book of Acts we visit many new locations. Key places include the Mount of Olives, Jerusalem,
the temple, Judea, Samaria, a road from Jerusalem to Gaza, Damascus, Caesarea, Tarsus, Lydda, Joppa,
Antioch, Cyprus, Perga, Iconium, Lystra, Derbe, Attalia, Troas, Philippi, Thessalonica, Berea, Athens,
Corinth, Ephesus, Crete, Malta, and Rome.

Key Verses & Themes

The Resurrected Savior:
The focus of the apostles’ preaching was Jesus who died and was raised to new life. “You killed the
author of life, but God raised him from the dead. We are witnesses of this” (Acts 3:15).

The Holy Spirit:

“But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be my witnesses in
Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth” (Acts 1:8).

The Church:
“Then the church throughout Judea, Galilee and Samaria enjoyed a time of peace. It was strengthened;
and encouraged by the Holy Spirit, it grew in numbers, living in the fear of the Lord” (Acts 9:31).

“The Lord’s hand was with them, and a great number of people believed and turned to the Lord”
(Acts 11:21).

So what?
The book of Acts demonstrates the power of the gospel in people’s lives and society. A few transformed
individuals spread the good news of Jesus Christ throughout the Roman Empire. Has the gospel gripped
me to the point that I am eager to spread it throughout my world? Do I know the power of the Spirit so
that I speak boldly about Christ?

Many of the men and women in Acts who were enthusiastic about the gospel suffered for the cause
of Christ. Peter was imprisoned, Stephen was stoned to death, and Paul experienced beatings,
imprisonment, and false accusations. Does Christ mean enough to me so that I’m willing to suffer for
him?

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New Testament Book Overviews Romans

Outline
1. Introduction (1:1-17)

2. Description of Man’s Sinfulness (1:18-3:20)

3. Revelation of God’s Righteousness (3:21-8:39)

4. Question of Israel’s Unbelief (9:1-11:36)

5. Application to the Believer’s Relationships (12:1-15:13)

6. Conclusion (15:14-16:27)

What does it say?

Romans presents the good news of Jesus Christ. In his mercy, God offers the gift of his righteousness
to all who come to Jesus by faith. This salvation releases us from the power of sin so that we may live
gloriously as God’s children and move powerfully in the lives of others.

In the book of Romans, Paul systematically traces God’s plan of salvation. He begins by describing our
sinfulness and God’s legitimate condemnation. God, in his great mercy, however, has not left us without
hope. Through faith in Jesus Christ our sins are forgiven and we are credited with a righteousness from
God. This provision of grace and the indwelling Spirit of God enable us to live free from sin and alive
to God. In chapters 9 through 11, Paul addresses the issue of Israel’s unbelief. While the Jews largely
reject God’s righteousness, God is faithful to his promises and keeps the door wide open for their
salvation. In the last major section of the book, Paul explores the practical applications God’s mercy
ought to have in our lives.

Faces & Places

The book of Romans revolves around the members of the Trinity: God the Father, Jesus Christ, and the
Holy Spirit. Speaking in broad categories, God, in his mercy, unveils his righteousness; Jesus Christ’s

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death grants justification to those who believe; and the Spirit releases believers to godly and glorious
living. The object of the Triune God’s mercy and compassion is all of sinful mankind, comprised of both
Jews and Gentiles.

Along the way we are reintroduced to a few Old Testament characters, including Abraham, Sarah, Adam,
Jacob, Esau, and Pharaoh. Also, at the end of the book, Paul identifies a number of fellow workers and
friends, including Phoebe, Priscilla & Aquila, and Epenetus - the first convert in Asia.

Only a few places are listed in the book of Romans. Paul mentions Rome, the destination of this book.
He also expresses his desire to visit Spain and refers to Jerusalem as his next location.

Key Verses & Themes

Righteousness:
“In the gospel a righteousness from God is revealed, a righteousness that is by faith from first to
last, just as it is written: ‘The righteous will live by faith’” (Romans 1:17).

“But now a righteousness from God, apart from law, has been made known, to which the Law and
the Prophets testify. This righteousness from God comes through faith in Jesus Christ to all who
believe” (Romans 3:21-22).

Faith:
“Therefore, since we have been justified through faith, we have peace with God through our Lord
Jesus Christ, through whom we have gained access by faith into this grace in which we now stand”
(Romans 5:1-2).

Sin:
“All have sinned and fall short of the glory of God” (Romans 3:23).

So what?
The book of Romans is an intensely theological and highly practical book. The gospel of Jesus Christ
is meant to penetrate our lives, radically transforming our orientation toward God, sin, and people.
Do I possess the righteousness from God that Paul discusses? To what extent am I aware of my sinful
tendencies? Am I experiencing freedom from the law of sin and death?

According to Paul, the gospel has profound implications for the way I relate to people. Where and how
do I live out the gospel with my family and friends? Can I say that the gospel impacts the way I relate
to my enemies? government officials? weaker brothers and sisters who do not see things as I do?

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New Testament Book Overviews I Corinthians

Outline
1. The Corinthians’ Problem of Divisiveness (1-4)

2. The Corinthians’ Ethical Problems (5-10)

3. The Corinthians’ Worship & Doctrinal Problems (11-15)

4. Paul’s Personal Remarks (16)

What does it say?

This letter addresses specific problems in the Corinthian church. Paul speaks directly to the problems
of divisiveness, sexual immorality, lawsuits, selfishness, abuses of the Lord’s Supper and spiritual gifts,
and doctrinal misunderstandings. The focus of Paul’s exhortations is on progressive sanctification,
that is the ongoing development of holiness in our lives. In response to the various problems, Paul
encourages the Corinthian believers toward qualities such as unity, humility, discipline, love, sexual
purity, service, and edification. He also speaks to their confusion surrounding issues such as marriage,
spiritual gifts, and the resurrection.

Faces & Places

The major players of this book are Paul and the members of the church at Corinth. Paul wrote the letter
to address the request by the Corinthians for advice. He also wanted to deal with some negative reports
that he had heard about them. The only ones mentioned by name are Crispus, Gaius and Stephanas
(whom Paul baptized).

Central to the book, however, is Jesus Christ. His crucifixion and resurrection have profound
ramifications for the Corinthian believers. Paul also points to Jesus using other images, including:
wisdom, the foundation of the church, the Passover Lamb, the spiritual rock, and the last Adam.

Other individuals mentioned in this book include Sosthenes (Paul’s companion), Chloe, Apollos,
Cephas (Peter), Timothy, Barnabas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus.

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The central place in 1 Corinthians is the city of Corinth. Corinth was the capital of the Roman province
of Achaia. Other places mentioned include Jerusalem, Macedonia, and Ephesus.

Key Verses & Themes

Christ Crucified:
“We preach Christ crucified: a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles, but to those
whom God has called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God” (1
Corinthians 1:23-24).

Love:
“Nobody should seek his own good, but the good of others” (1 Corinthians 10:24).

“Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It is not rude, it is
not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil
but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres” (1
Corinthians 13:4-7).

Jesus’ Resurrection:
“If Christ has not been raised, our preaching is useless and so is your faith” (1 Corinthians 15:14).

So what?
First Corinthians is addressed to specific problems of a specific church. Yet most of their questions and
struggles are no different than ones we face in our churches. In this letter Paul deals with problems
such as immaturity, marital difficulties, sexual immorality, lawsuits among believers, divisiveness, and
the misuse of spiritual gifts. This book can guide us as we seek God’s perspective on thorny issues
within the church body.

This letter also points us toward Christ-like characteristics for individuals and local congregations. We
are encouraged toward unity, servanthood, and love among others. One of the best known chapters
in the Bible is found in 1 Corinthians 13, known for its beautiful description of love. Am I progressing
in the characteristics of this book? Am I serving in my local church in a way that edifies my fellow
believers?

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New Testament Book Overviews II Corinthians

Outline
1. Paul’s Ministry (1-7)

2. Paul’s Collection (8-9)

3. Paul’s Authority (10-13)

What does it say?

The Corinthian church had been infiltrated by certain “false teachers” who stirred the people against
Paul. Second Corinthians is Paul’s response, in which he defends his ministry, credentials, and
apostolic authority so that the believers would accept his message as the true message from God and
live accordingly. This is Paul’s most personal letter, as he reveals his motives, attitudes, and struggles.
He also risks appearing foolish to them, “boasting” about his authentic ministry and weaknesses on
behalf of the Corinthian believers. Throughout 2 Corinthians, Paul offers encouragement as well as
challenges to the people, with a special invitation to generously give to the needy brethren in Jerusalem.

Faces & Places

Second Corinthians is full of autobiographical material about Paul and reveals much about his heart.
We gain glimpses into aspects of his life, including details of his persecution and hardship not found
anywhere else. Only a few other individuals are mentioned by name, such as Timothy and Titus.

As with 1 Corinthians, the central location in this letter is the destination, the city of Corinth. Corinth
was the capital of the Roman province of Achaia, and in many ways the chief commercial city of Greece.
Paul also mentions the province of Asia, Troas, Macedonia, Judea, Achaia, and the city of Damascus.

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II Corinthians | Return to Table of Contents New Testament Book Overviews

Key Verses & Themes

God’s Strength in My Weakness:
“He said to me, ‘My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.’ Therefore
I will boast all the more gladly about my weaknesses, so that Christ’s power may rest on me” (2
Corinthians 12:9).

Generous Giving:
“Each man should give what he has decided in his heart to give, not reluctantly or under compulsion,
for God loves a cheerful giver” (2 Corinthians 9:7).

The Fragrance of Christ:

“But thanks be to God, who always leads us in triumphal procession in Christ and through us spreads
everywhere the fragrance of the knowledge of him. For we are to God the aroma of Christ among
those who are being saved and those who are perishing. To the one we are the smell of death; to the
other, the fragrance of life” (2 Corinthians 2:14-16).

So what?
Being a highly personal letter, 2 Corinthians invites us to personalize the gospel message. Through
Paul’s example and exhortation we are challenged to holy living that includes: spreading the fragrance
of Christ, being transformed in Christ’s likeness, living by faith not by sight, living for our crucified and
risen Lord, purifying ourselves, cheerfully giving, and suffering for the sake of the gospel.

In this letter we see the heart of a true friend. Paul cares deeply for the believers in Corinth, even to
the point of speaking foolishly to draw their hearts back to the true gospel. Do I care so deeply for the
people at my church? Am I willing to appear foolish and weak, so that God’s power might impact the
people around me?

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New Testament Book Overviews Galatians

Outline
1. The Gospel Defended (1-2)

2. The Gospel Explained (3-4)

3. The Gospel Applied (5-6)

What does it say?

The letter to the Galatians has been called the Magna Carta of Christian Liberty. In it Paul contends that
his gospel message has been given to him by God, not by people. He vigorously asserts that justification
is by faith, not by keeping the law. The law imprisons, but faith grants freedom. This freedom in Christ
enables us to love those around us and to produce the fruits of righteousness through a Spirit-led life.

Concerned that the Galatian believers have adopted a different gospel, in the first two chapters Paul
defends the true gospel of justification by faith. Paul traces his life as a Christian, demonstrating that
he received his message not from men but directly from God. In chapters 3 and 4 Paul explains the
gospel, highlighting the contrast between human effort and God’s grace. It is faith in Jesus Christ,
not self-imposed religiosity, that brings us to God and frees us to become like Christ. In the last two
chapters Paul applies the gospel to the believer’s life. The freedom we experience from trusting Christ
enables us to love those around us and exhibit Spirit-produced characteristics.

Faces & Places

In recounting his conversion and early ministry Paul mentions several of the other apostles, including
Peter, James, Barnabas, and John. Titus is also mentioned, as a companion of Paul on a trip to Jerusalem.
Also referred to are some Old Testament figures, such as Abraham, Hagar, and Isaac (Sarah is implied).

The central location is Galatia, the destination of Paul’s letter. Galatia was a Roman province in central
Asia Minor. Throughout the letter Paul also refers to Arabia, Damascus, Jerusalem, Syria, Cilicia, Judea,
Antioch, and Mount Sinai.

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Key Verses & Themes

Justification by Faith:
“A man is not justified by observing the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ” (Galatians 2:16).

Freedom:
“It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened
again by a yoke of slavery” (Galatians 5:1).

Fruit of the Spirit:

“But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness
and self-control” (Galatians 5:22-23).

So what?
This powerful letter asks that we explore our belief as to what makes us right with God. Am I relying
on my behavior? Am I working hard at being good (observing the law)? Or am I trusting in Jesus Christ
and him alone?

Paul’s letter to the Galatians also requires that we examine the message we believers communicate to
others about Christianity. Do I model a grim legalism or the authentic freedom Paul talks about? Does
change for me come ultimately through human effort or God’s Spirit? If the freedom Paul writes about
is more the exception than the rule, what prevents me from tasting it more often?

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New Testament Book Overviews Ephesians

Outline
1. The Believer’s Wealth (1-3)

2. The Believer’s Walk (4-6)

What does it say?

Paul’s letter to the Ephesians describes the incredible wealth that believers possess because of one’s
position in Christ. These spiritual blessings include adoption, redemption, forgiveness, a grand
purpose, the seal of the Holy Spirit, a glorious inheritance, a position in the heavenlies, life, intimacy
with God, and grace. Out of their incredible spiritual wealth, Paul urges the Ephesian believers to live
an incredible life. God calls believers to exercise spiritual gifts and love so that the body of Christ is
edified. The Christian is also called on to submit to God’s larger picture in every relationship (husband-
wife, parent-child, slave-master). Paul closes out this letter by encouraging his readers to engage in
spiritual battle equipped with God’s armor.

Faces & Places

The Apostle Paul addresses this letter to the saints in Ephesus. Paul had laid the foundation for the
church in Ephesus on his second missionary journey. Later, on his third missionary tour, he spent
approximately three years there teaching and discipling the people. The only individual mentioned in
this letter is Tychicus, the man who delivered the letters to the Ephesians and Colossians.

Much of this letter revolves around God the Father, the Lord Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit. Paul
repeatedly instructs the readers as to what the Triune God has accomplished, is doing, and will complete.

The only location mentioned is the city of Ephesus, an important city in western Asia Minor (now
Turkey). Ephesus was at an intersection of major trade routes, and thus a commercial center. This city
was famous for its pagan temple dedicated to the Roman goddess Diana (called ARTEMIS in Greek).

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Key Verses & Themes

Spiritual Blessings:
“Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us in the heavenly realms
with every spiritual blessing in Christ” (Ephesians 1:3).

Building Up the Body of Christ:

“It was he who gave some to be apostles, some to be prophets, some to be evangelists, and some to
be pastors and teachers, to prepare God’s people for works of service, so that the body of Christ may
be built up until we all reach unity in the faith and in the knowledge of the Son of God and become
mature, attaining to the whole measure of the fullness of Christ” (Ephesians 4:11-13).

Submission:
“Submit to one another out of reverence for Christ” (Ephesians 5:21).

So what?
You can benefit tremendously from Paul’s letter to the Ephesians. Paul invited his immediate audience
to examine their spiritual wealth and walk, and it would be wise for us to do so as well. As I live my life,
am I aware of my spiritual blessings or do I doubt God’s goodness? Am I increasing in my knowledge of
God, his hope, and his power (1:17-19)? Do I grasp the unfathomable love of Christ (3:18)?

We also ought to examine our lives from the practical half of the book (chapters 4-6). Am I serving my
local church in a way that edifies others? How can I better submit to what God wants to accomplish in
my wife or husband? in my children or parents? in those I work with? How well-equipped am I to do
spiritual warfare?

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New Testament Book Overviews Philippians

Outline
1. Rejoicing in Partnership with God (1)

2. Rejoicing in the Path of Humility (2)

3. Rejoicing in the Pursuit of Christ (3)

4. Rejoicing in the Provision of God (4)

What does it say?

Writing to express his appreciation for the Philippians’ gift to him, Paul uses the occasion to encourage
them to progress in the faith. He tells them while they can endure suffering with a humble attitude and
actively pursue Christ and all the time experience great joy.

Paul encourages the Philippians for their partnership in the gospel. Their gifts and prayers have served
to help advance the good news of Jesus Christ. Such union with Christ makes it possible to have unity
with other believers. This unity comes about through the attitude of humility, as Christ exhibited so
perfectly in his incarnation and on the cross. Paul also warns against legalism and lawlessness, while
advocating a passionate pursuit of Christ and a contentment in the peace and provisions of God.

Faces & Places

Paul reveals his love for the Philippian believers in this personal and informal letter. Throughout the
letter, we also see his delight in God. Timothy also plays a large role, as Paul’s companion and as a
model of a faithful servant. Another man who Paul holds up as an example is Ephaphroditus, the
bearer of the Philippians’ gift. Others mentioned in this letter are Euodia and Syntyche, two women
apparently at odds with each other, and Clement, a “fellow worker” of Paul’s.

The central location is the city of Philippi, a prosperous Roman colony. It was the first major center in
Europe where Paul preached.

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Key Verses & Themes

Joy:
“Rejoice in the Lord always. I will say it again: Rejoice!” (Philippians 4:4)

Humility:
“Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit, but in humility consider others better than
yourselves. Each of you should look not only to your own interests, but also to the interests of
others” (Philippians 2:3-4).

Pursuit of Christ:
“I consider everything a loss compared to the surpassing greatness of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord,
for whose sake I have lost all things. I consider them rubbish, that I may gain Christ and be found
in him, not having a righteousness of my own that comes from the law, but that which is through
faith in Christ - the righteousness that comes from God and is by faith. I want to know Christ and
the power of his resurrection and the fellowship of sharing in his sufferings, becoming like him in
his death, and so, somehow, to attain to the resurrection from the dead” (Philippians 3:8-11).

So what?
Philippians is a letter written by Paul while in prison. In the midst of such circumstances, he exudes
joy and invites his readers to share in that joy. One author described joy as “the soul delighting itself in
God himself.” Do I consistently delight in God, even when circumstances are less than the best?

Paul also emphasizes qualities such as humility, suffering, contentment, peace, and a strong ambition
for knowing Christ more deeply. Which of these qualities is most lacking in my life? As I read Philippians,
am I drawn toward these qualities? In which of these qualities has God shaped me to be more Christlike?

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New Testament Book Overviews Colossians

Outline
1. The Supremacy of Christ and the Gospel (1-2)

2. The Sufficiency of Christ for Living (3-4)

What does it say?

Colossians is a book about the Lord Jesus Christ. Jesus is described as the Creator, Sustainer, Lord,
Head of the Body (his church), Reconciler, and Savior who is worthy of our adoration and allegiance.
Paul stresses the supremacy of Jesus’ person and the completeness of the salvation he provides. With
such a preeminent Lord and powerful gospel, believers are equipped to grow toward maturity in Christ.
Union with Christ also sufficiently enables believers to lovingly enter into relationships, honoring God
in their lives.

Faces & Places

Without a doubt, the central figure in Colossians is the Lord Jesus Christ. Paul seeks to honor and
magnify Jesus as both Supreme and Sufficient.

Other individuals mentioned include Paul, the author; Timothy, Paul’s companion; Tychicus, the carrier
of this letter to the Colossian believers; Onesimus, a returning slave from Colosse; and Archipus, an
active worker in the Colossian church. Greetings are passed on to the Colossians from Aristarchus,
Mark, Jesus (called Justus), Epaphras, Luke, and Demas.

The central location is the letter’s destination of Colosse. Colosse was an ancient city of Phrygia. The
Colossian church was established by Epaphras during Paul’s three years in Ephesus. Other places
mentioned include Laodicea, a city about 11 miles from Colosse, and Hierapolis, roughly 13 miles away.

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Key Verses & Themes

The Supremacy of Christ:
“For in Christ all the fullness of the Deity lives in bodily form, and you have been given fullness in
Christ, who is the head over every power and authority” (Colossians 2:9-10).

The New Life in Christ:

“Therefore, as God’s chosen people, holy and dearly loved, clothe yourselves with compassion,
kindness, humility, gentleness and patience. Bear with each other and forgive whatever grievances
you may have against one another. Forgive as the Lord forgave you. And over all these virtues put
on love, which binds them all together in perfect unity” (Colossians 3:12-14).

The Purpose for Christ’s Servants:

“We proclaim him, admonishing and teaching everyone with all wisdom, so that we may present
everyone perfect in Christ. To this end I labor, struggling with all his energy, which so powerfully
works in me” (Colossians 1:28-29).

So what?
Paul’s letter to the Colossians points us squarely to the Lord Jesus Christ. As the Creator, Head of
the Body, Sustainer of life, and Savior he is the Supreme Lord. Paul challenges us to focus not on the
shadows (events, activities, etc.) but on the reality, the person of Jesus (Col. 2:17). What is most “real”
to me today? Is it my ministry, my job, my friends, my struggles, or is it my Lord?

Jesus is also sufficient for us to live godly lives. Paul describes the Christian life in terms of being
indwelt, permeated, and clothed by Jesus. It is as such that I am equipped to move into relationships
for his glory.

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New Testament Book Overviews I Thessalonians

Outline
1. Paul’s Commendations & Concern (1-3)

2. Paul’s Exhortations & Teaching (4-5)

What does it say?

With great fondness Paul writes about the impact of the gospel in the lives of the Thessalonian believers.
He reminds them of the way the gospel was presented and the way it was received. The Thessalonians’
faith, love, and hope continues to excite Paul. He lavishly commends them while inviting them to more
of the same. Paul offers instructions toward their growth, especially in the area of their hope for Jesus’
return. With the assurance of Christ’s coming, the believers are challenged to encourage and edify each
other.

Faces & Places

Although not named, the Christians at Thessalonica come to life in this book. They are men and
women of strong faith, inspiring hope, and warm love. Their love for Paul and Paul’s affection for them
permeates the entire letter.

Individuals mentioned include Paul, the primary author of the letter; Silas, Paul’s companion; and
Timothy, who strengthened and encouraged the Thessalonians.

The destination of this letter was the city of Thessalonica, a prominent city of Macedonia. Paul visited
Thessalonica during his second missionary journey. Many quickly believed in Jesus while others reacted
angrily, rounding up a mob and forcing Paul to leave.

In reminding the believers of his stay with them, Paul mentions other locations including: Macedonia,
Achaia, the city of Philippi, Judea, and Athens.

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I Thessalonians | Return to Table of Contents New Testament Book Overviews

Key Verses & Themes

The Return of the Lord:
“For the Lord himself will come down from heaven, with a loud command, with the voice of the
archangel and with the trumpet call of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. After that, we who
are still alive and are left will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the
air. And so we will be with the Lord forever” (1 Thessalonians 4:16-17).

Sanctification:
“May the Lord make your love increase and overflow for each other and for everyone else, just as
ours does for you. May he strengthen your hearts so that you will be blameless and holy in the
presence of our God and Father when our Lord Jesus comes with all his holy ones” (1 Thessalonians
3:12-13).

God’s Will:
“It is God’s will that you should be sanctified: that you should avoid sexual immorality; that each
of you should learn to control his own body in a way that is holy and honorable” (1 Thessalonians
4:3-4).

“Be joyful always; pray continually; give thanks in all circumstances, for this is God’s will for you in
Christ Jesus” (1 Thessalonians 5:16-18).

So what?
Perhaps more than any other book, 1 Thessalonians points us to the Christian triad of faith, hope, and
love. Paul is absolutely thrilled about these qualities in the Thessalonian believers’ lives, yet at the
same time he invites them to increase in each. How does my Christian community compare in these
categories? What impact does the gospel have in our lives? How can I encourage and edify the others
in my church in order to increase faith? love? hope?

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New Testament Book Overviews II Thessalonians

Outline
1. Assurance of God’s Justice (1)

2. Clarification on the Day of the Lord (2)

3. Encouragement toward Gainful Employment (3)

What does it say?

Since Paul’s first letter, incorrect information had infiltrated the Thessalonians. Thinking that the day
of the Lord had already begun, some had ceased working. Second Thessalonians is largely written to
correct their misunderstanding of the day of the Lord. Paul assures the Thessalonians that the day of
the Lord is still in the future and challenges them to keep busy. Throughout this letter, Paul also offers
encouragement through commendations and prayers.

Faces & Places

Those named in 2 Thessalonians include: Paul, the writer; Silas and Timothy, Paul’s partners.

Chapter two focuses on “the man of lawlessness” who is doomed to destruction. Paul foretells that
this man will violently oppose anything connected with God, actually proclaiming to be God himself.
He will produce all kinds of Satan-inspired miracles. In the end, however, he will be overthrown and
destroyed by Jesus.

The only location mentioned in this letter is the destination, Thessalonica. Thessalonica was a large
port city (perhaps of 200,000) in Macedonia.

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II Thessalonians | Return to Table of Contents New Testament Book Overviews

Key Verses & Themes

The Day of the Lord:
“ . . . not to become easily unsettled or alarmed by some prophecy, report or letter supposed to have
come from us, saying that the day of the Lord has already come. Don’t let anyone deceive you in any
way, for that day will not come until the rebellion occurs and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the
man doomed to destruction” (2 Thessalonians 2:2-3).

Diligence:
“We hear that some among you are idle. They are not busy; they are busy-bodies. Such people
we command and urge in the Lord Jesus Christ to settle down and earn the bread they eat” (2
Thessalonians 3:11-12).

So what?
Second Thessalonians makes it clear that our beliefs determine our actions. Some who believed that the
“day of the Lord” had already arrived were guilty of laziness. What beliefs guide my life? In particular,
what do I believe about the FUTURE that impacts the way I live today? What do I know about the
Second Coming of Jesus Christ?

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New Testament Book Overviews I Timothy

Outline
1. Instruction Regarding True Faith (1)

2. Instruction Regarding Public Worship (2)

3. Instruction Regarding Church Leadership (3)

4. Instruction Regarding Personal Godliness (4)

5. Instruction Regarding Pastoral Oversight (5-6)

What does it say?

Near the end of his life, Paul writes this letter to a young pastor and personal friend named Timothy.
Paul offers Timothy advice in several areas: false teachers, public worship, qualifications for church
leaders, personal godliness, and pastoring various groups within the church body. This letter is
essentially a challenge to Timothy, a challenge to a life of faith, godliness, and love as he shepherds
the people entrusted to his care.

Faces & Places

The central figure in this letter is Timothy, Paul’s “true son in the faith.” He faces the responsibility of
pastoral leadership in the church of Ephesus.

Also named in 1 Timothy is Paul, the apostle, who wrote this letter. Two others, Hymenaeus and
Alexander, are mentioned as examples of men who “shipwrecked their faith.”

The chief place in 1 Timothy is Ephesus, the location where Timothy was pastor. Ephesus was an
important city in western Asia Minor (now Turkey).

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Key Verses & Themes

Pursuit of Godliness:
“But you, man of God, flee from all this, and pursue righteousness, godliness, faith, love, endurance
and gentleness. Fight the good fight of the faith. Take hold of the eternal life to which you were
called when you made your good confession in the presence of many witnesses” (1 Timothy 6:11-
12).

Godly Freedom:
“For everything God created is good, and nothing is to be rejected if it is received with thanksgiving,
because it is consecrated by the word of God and prayer” (1 Timothy 4:4-5).

Godly Contentment:
“Godliness with contentment is great gain. For we brought nothing into the world, and we can take
nothing out of it. But if we have food and clothing, we will be content with that” (1 Timothy 6:6-7).

So what?
Paul’s letter to Timothy is a call to faith and godliness. Paul twice challenges Timothy to “fight the
good fight of the faith” (1:18; 6:12) and encourages him to “train yourself to be godly” (4:7; also see
6:6, 11). How is my “faith fight” and “godliness training”? Am I calling others to walk in faith and
exhibit godliness as Paul did for Timothy?

In addition to personal godliness, Paul has much to say about corporate leadership. He supplies a
number of qualifications for godly overseers and deacons in chapter three. If I am in a position of
church leadership, or aspiring to leadership, am I progressing in these qualities?

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New Testament Book Overviews II Timothy

Outline
1. Proclaim the Powerful Gospel (1)

2. Persevere in Godly Instruction (2)

3. Preserve the Gospel’s Integrity (3:1-4:5)

4. Personal Remarks (4:6-22)

What does it say?

As he writes this letter, Paul apparently knows that his days on earth are about to end. In the last
chapter he writes, “ . . . the time has come for my departure” (4:6). With that knowledge, the apostle
seeks to challenge his friend Timothy to persevere in his ministry at Ephesus. He calls Timothy to
boldly engage in his tasks with endurance, strength, alertness, patience, and godliness. Also woven
throughout this letter are exhortations to be a man grounded in and able to proclaim the Word.

Faces & Places

Paul, the aged apostle, and Timothy, the young pastor, are the two major players in this letter. Paul
apparently knows of his imminent death, as he writes about his departure and subsequent crown of
righteousness. He writes to Timothy, who is serving the church in Ephesus.

Others mentioned in this letter are Lois and Eunice, Timothy’s grandmother and mother respectively;
Hymenaeus and Philetus, two who “have wandered away from the truth”; Demas, a man who deserted
Paul; Crescens; Luke; Mark; Tychicus; Carpus; Alexander the metalworker; Priscilla and Aquila;
Erastus; Trophimus; Eubulus; Pudens; Linus; and Claudia.

As in 1 Timothy, the central location is the city of Ephesus where Timothy is serving. In the course of
the letter, Paul mentions a number of places including: Rome, Antioch, Iconium, Lystra, Thessalonica,
Galatia, Dalmatia, Troas, Corinth, and Miletus.

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Key Verses & Themes

Endurance:
“Endure hardship with us like a good soldier of Christ Jesus” (2 Timothy 2:3).

The Word of God:

“Do your best to present yourself to God as one approved, a workman who does not need to be
ashamed and who correctly handles the word of truth” (2 Timothy 2:15).

“All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in
righteousness, so that the man of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work” (2 Timothy
3:16-17).

Teaching & Mentoring:

“The things you have heard me say in the presence of many witnesses entrust to reliable men who
will also be qualified to teach others” (2 Timothy 2:2).

So what?
A major theme of 2 Timothy is ENDURANCE. Timothy, a young pastor, is challenged to endure hardship
“like a good soldier.” What does endurance or perseverance look like in the life of my pastor? How can
I offer encouragement this week in some practical way?

Second Timothy also highlights the WORD OF GOD in Timothy’s life. All of Scripture is “God-breathed”
and beneficial for our lives. What a privilege and honor to have God breath out his revelation and
instructions to us! No wonder the psalmist expressed sheer delight in God’s truth: “How sweet are
your words to my taste, sweeter than honey to my mouth!” (Psalm 119:103). Does the Bible play an
important part in your life? Do you read it regularly?

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New Testament Book Overviews Titus

Outline
1. Appoint Godly Elders (1)

2. Teach Godly Living (2)

3. Emphasize Godly Actions (3)

What does it say?

Titus is left on the island Crete to continue the task of organizing the churches. Paul shares with Titus
some practical advice regarding leadership and discipleship. Leaders are to possess godly character
and must be able to refute false doctrine. Regarding discipleship, Paul urges Titus to teach the various
groups within the church about godly living. He also wants this teaching to have a domino effect, where
the older Christians will in turn teach the younger. As the basis for this godly living, Paul emphasizes
God’s grace and mercy.

Faces & Places

The central figure in this letter is Paul’s young associate, Titus. Titus, a Gentile, was one of Paul’s
converts who became a significant help to Paul in his ministry. Paul had left Titus on the island of
Crete, entrusting him with the organization the churches. Other individuals mentioned are Artemas,
Tychicus, Zenas, and Apollos.

The primary location is the island of Crete, where Titus is serving. Crete is an island in the Mediterranean
Sea, directly south of the Aegean Sea. At the time of this letter, the inhabitants of Crete had established
the reputation of being lazy, evil, dishonest, and gluttonous (cf. 1:12). Also mentioned is Nicopolis, a
city on the West Coast of Greece where Paul was intending to spend the winter.

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Key Verses & Themes

Teaching:
“You must teach what is in accord with sound doctrine” (Titus 2:1).

Godly Living:
“For the grace of God that brings salvation has appeared to all men. It teaches us to say ‘No’ to
ungodliness and worldly passions, and to live self-controlled, upright and godly lives in this present
age, while we wait for the blessed hope - the glorious appearing of our great God and Savior, Jesus
Christ, who gave himself for us to redeem us from all wickedness and to purify for himself a people
that are his very own, eager to do what is good” (Titus 2:11-14).

So what?
Paul’s letter to Titus emphasizes GODLY PEOPLE characterized by GODLY LIVES. Everyone in the
church is to be marked by godliness which emerges from the grace of God. Which of the categories Paul
mentions have I seen the most growth in my life lately? Which area is most lacking?

The New Testament highlights that we are to be about the task of pouring ourselves into the lives of
others. Paul instructed Timothy: “The things you have heard me say in the presence of many witnesses
entrust to reliable men who will also be qualified to teach others” (2 Timothy 2:2). Here, Paul urges
Titus to teach the older women so they, in turn, can teach the younger (2:3-4). Whose faces come to
mind as people who have nurtured me in the Christian faith? Who do I know that I can nurture?

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New Testament Book Overviews Philemon

Outline
1. Paul’s Prayer for Philemon (vv. 1-7)

2. Paul’s Plea to Onesimus (vv. 8-17)

3. Paul’s Pledge to Philemon (vv. 18-25)

What does it say?

Paul writes this short letter to Philemon, a slave owner, asking him to take back his runaway slave,
Onesimus. Paul begins by praising Philemon’s faith in Jesus and love for believers. Next Paul describes
Onesimus’ conversion, “who became my son while I was in chains” (v. 10). Sending Onesimus back with
this letter, Paul encourages Philemon to forgive and receive him as a useful brother. Paul also pledges
to make good any debt that Onesimus might owe.

Faces & Places

Three characters play prominent roles in this brief letter. ONESIMUS was a runaway slave from the
household of Philemon. Somehow he had come into contact with Paul and was led to Christ. Now he
faced returning to Philemon. PHILEMON, a resident of Colosse, owned slaves and had a house large
enough to serve as a worship place. In this letter, Paul commends Philemon as a man of faith and love.
The third character is PAUL himself. Paul reveals his fond affection for both Onesimus and Philemon.

Others included in this letter are Apphia and Archippus (possibly Philemon’s wife and son), Timothy,
Epaphras, Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke.

No location is mentioned, but from the book of Colossians it appears certain that Philemon was from
Colosse or the near vicinity. Colosse was a city of the region of Phrygia.

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Key Verses & Themes

Forgiveness:
“So if you consider me a partner, welcome him as you would welcome me. If he has done you any
wrong or owes you anything, charge it to me” (Philemon 17).

Encouragement:
“Your love has given me great joy and encouragement, because you, brother, have refreshed the
hearts of the saints” (Philemon 7).

“I do wish, brother, that I may have some benefit from you in the Lord; refresh my heart in Christ”
(Philemon 20).

So what?
Although this letter is short, the picture of forgiveness it portrays is huge. According to the law Onesimus
was guilty, yet Paul urged Philemon to graciously forgive his runaway slave and receive him as a dear
brother. Paul even offers to pay any debt owed to Philemon by Onesimus. This is a great picture of the
kind of forgiveness God wants us to extend to our brothers and sisters in Christ.

While he does not outright condemn the institution of slavery in this letter, Paul does undermine it.
He exalts Onesimus to the position of “brother,” vastly different from that culture’s understanding
of slaves. All people, regardless of their circumstances, are to be loved and respected. Who in my life
needs to be reminded of their dignity?

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New Testament Book Overviews Hebrews

Outline
1. The Superior Person of Christ (1:1-4:13)

2. The Superior Priesthood of Christ (4:14-10:18)

3. The Superior Path for Christians (10:19-13:25)

What does it say?

The book of Hebrews is an appeal to Christians to “press on” toward maturity in Christ. Jewish believers
apparently are being tempted to revert to Judaism, and this letter points to the superiority of Christ
over the Judaic system. Jesus is superior to the angels, Moses, the Aaronic priesthood, and the Law. His
once-for-all sacrifice on the cross is superior to the repeated sacrifices of Judaism. To shrink back from
following Christ by faith is to return to an inferior system and to invite God’s judgment. The author
challenges the readers to hold tightly to their hope in Christ and live by faith. Such faith may lead one
into severe hardship, but also leads to God-pleasing lives of love and worship.

Faces & Places

This book revolves around the person and work of Jesus Christ. Jesus and his death on the cross are
compared with the system of Judaism, and Jesus is shown to be superior in every case.

Other characters that come into play are angels, God’s ministering spirits who were active in the giving
of the Law; Moses, the servant of “God’s house” and mediator of the old covenant; Aaron, the high
priest; Melchizedek, the king/priest who blessed Abraham; those included in chapter 11 as models of
faith (Abel, Enoch, Noah, Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses’ parents, Moses, the Israelites
at the Red Sea, the Israelites at Jericho, Rahab, Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, David, Samuel, the
prophets); and Timothy.

Locations mentioned in Hebrews include the desert, heaven, Egypt, Salem (Melchizedek’s town), the
Red Sea, Jericho, and Italy (possibly where this book originated).

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Key Verses & Themes

Faith:
“Without faith it is impossible to please God, because anyone who comes to him must believe that
he exists and that he rewards those who earnestly seek him” (Hebrews 11:6).

Jesus’ Sacrifice:
“He did not enter by means of the blood of goats and calves; but he entered the Most Holy Place
once for all by his own blood, having obtained eternal redemption. The blood of goats and bulls and
the ashes of a heifer sprinkled on those who are ceremonially unclean sanctify them so that they
are outwardly clean. How much more, then, will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit
offered himself unblemished to God, cleanse our consciences from acts that led to death, so that we
may serve the living God!” (Hebrews 9:12-14).

Jesus as High Priest:

“Therefore, since we have a great high priest who has gone through the heavens, Jesus the Son of
God, let us hold firmly to the faith we profess. For we do not have a high priest who is unable to
sympathize with our weaknesses, but we have one who has been tempted in every way, just as we
are - yet was without sin. Let us then approach the throne of grace with confidence, so that we may
receive mercy and find grace to help us in our time of need” (Hebrews 4:14-16).

So what?
Hebrews points to the Lord Jesus Christ as superior to any religious system. The readers are warned
against shrinking back from Christ and the Cross. God’s people must look only to him, whose
atoning death and resurrection have made it possible to draw near to God. This book also speaks of
encouragement. How can I encourage my fellow believers to fix their eyes on Jesus (12:2)? Who can I
encourage today to persevere in hardship (12:7)?

The book of Hebrews also pinpoints faith as essential for Christian living. “Without faith it is impossible
to please God” (11:6). In the author’s “Faith Hall of Fame” of chapter 11, with whom do I most identify?
What might it look like for me to move out in faith this week?

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New Testament Book Overviews James

Outline
1. Perseverance in Trials & Obedience (1)

2. Love in Honor & Action (2)

3. Power in Speech & Wisdom (3)

4. Humility in Relationships & Plans (4)

5. Patience in Suffering & Prayer (5)

What does it say?

This letter, written by James, speaks to the issue of CHRISTIAN MATURITY. “Faith without deeds is
dead,” writes James, pointing to the truth that Christianity is all about faith that inspires godly activity.
In this letter, James discusses the impact faith has in the life of the believer. Faith enables one to
persevere in the midst of trials, love all people regardless of their condition, move powerfully in speech
and wisdom, humbly submit to God and others, and wait prayerfully during times of suffering. James is
a highly practical letter, one that challenges the reader to evaluate his or her life.

Faces & Places

The author of this letter is James, most likely James the brother of Jesus. He was considered a “pillar”
in the church at Jerusalem (Gal. 2:9) and was a leader at the council of Acts 15.

The only other human characters mentioned are examples from the Old Testament: Abraham, Rahab,
Job, and Elijah.

This letter is written to “the twelve tribes scattered among the nations” (1:1). This refers to Hebrew
Christians who were scattered due to persecution.

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Key Verses & Themes

Faith That Works:
“What good is it, my brothers, if a man claims to have faith but has no deeds? Can such faith save
him? Suppose a brother or sister is without clothes and daily food. If one of you says to him, ‘God, I
wish you well; keep warm and well fed,’ but does nothing about his physical needs, what good is it?
In the same way, faith by itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead” (James 2:14-17).

Power of the Tongue:

“With the tongue we praise our Lord and Father, and with it we curse men, who have been made in
God’s likeness. Out of the same mouth come praise and cursing. My brothers, this should not be.
Can both fresh water and salt water flow from the same spring?” (James 3:9-11).

Humility Before God:

“Submit yourselves, then, to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you. Come near to God
and he will come near to you. Wash your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you double-
minded. Grieve, mourn and wail. Change your laughter to mourning and your joy to gloom. Humble
yourselves before the Lord, and he will lift you up” (James 3:7-10).

So what?
James is a highly practical book about maturity in the Christian life. A mature believer is characterized
in several ways: a mature Christian embraces trials as opportunities for growth, actively loves even the
less fortunate, speaks powerfully and wisely into peoples’ lives, humbly serves others and submits to
God’s agendas, and waits patiently and prayerfully for the return of Christ.

At the core of this book is the issue of FAITH. Faith in Jesus Christ, James says, inspires loving actions.
Which recent actions of mine can I gratefully point to as springing from faith? Where has my faith been
dead, or void of any activity?

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New Testament Book Overviews I Peter

Outline
1. The Believer’s Salvation (1:1-12)

2. The Believer’s Spiritual Growth (1:13-2:12)

3. The Believer’s Submission (2:13-3:12)

4. The Believer’s Suffering (3:13-5:14)

What does it say?

Peter writes this letter to “strangers” in a hostile world, encouraging them to mature in their salvation.
The letter moves in a clear progression from salvation to sanctification to submission to suffering.
Peter reminds his readers of their glorious SALVATION that astounded the Old Testament prophets
and marvels the angels. Salvation leads to the process of SPIRITUAL GROWTH, and Peter stresses
holy living which exalts God. One important fruit of maturing spiritually is submission, submission to
authority, husbands, wives, and each other. The supreme model of this submission is, of course, the
Lord Jesus. Peter’s final topic is SUFFERING. He invites his readers to persevere and even rejoice in the
midst of trials.

Faces & Places

The only individuals mentioned are Peter, the apostle and author of this letter; Silas, Peter’s companion;
and Mark.

Peter directs this letter to “God’s elect, strangers in the world, scattered throughout Pontus, Galatia,
Cappadocia, Asia and Bythynia,” various regions of Asia Minor. At the end of the letter, Peter refers to
“Babylon” as the place of writing. Some are convinced this is the literal city of Babylon, but it is more
likely a symbolic reference to Rome.

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Key Verses & Themes

Spiritual Growth:
“Like newborn babies, crave pure spiritual milk, so that by it you may grow up in your salvation,
now that you have tasted that the Lord is good” (1 Peter 2:2-3).

Submission:
“When they hurled their insults at him, he did not retaliate; when he suffered, he made no threats.
Instead, he entrusted himself to him who judges justly. He himself bore our sins in his body on the
tree, so that we might die to sins and live for righteousness; by his wounds you have been healed”
(1 Peter 2:23-24).

Suffering:
“Dear friends, do not be surprised at the painful trial you are suffering, as though something strange
were happening to you. But rejoice that you participate in the sufferings of Christ, so that you may
be overjoyed when his glory is revealed” (1 Peter 4:12-13).

So what?
First Peter is rightly called “the epistle of the living hope.” It is obvious that Peter’s understanding of
salvation is not something that is merely intellectual, static, or boring. Peter knows Christianity to be
alive, dynamic, and glorious beyond words. For that reason he invites his readers to “grow up in your
salvation,” having tasted God’s goodness. To what degree can I relate to Peter’s enthusiasm? Is my
faith alive as Peter describes?

Peter indicates that spiritual maturity occurs as we feed on God’s truth. Do I “crave” God’s nourishment
as Peter exhorts (2:2)? Are there other “foods” that whet my appetite more than God’s truth? If so,
why?

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New Testament Book Overviews II Peter

Outline
1. Cultivation of Godly Qualities (1)

2. Caution against False Teachers (2)

3. Certainty of Christ’s Return (3)

What does it say?

In this first letter Peter deals with what is false versus what is true. His readers are facing a serious
problem with false teachers in their midst. These men are arrogantly and sinfully exploiting the
people with their stories. Peter exposes the motives and methods of these false teachers, and strongly
denounces their evil ways. The truth that Peter proclaims in this letter includes God’s provisions for
godliness, his calling and election, the Scriptures, God’s kindness, and Christ’s return. These are all
things the readers of 2 Peter can count on and which will stimulate them to spiritual maturity.

Faces & Places

As stated in the first verse this letter was written by Simon Peter. As with the first letter, Peter likely
wrote this from Rome. The only other human characters mentioned are Old Testament examples
including Noah, Lot, and Balaam. The only locations referred to are the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah,
Old Testament objects of God’s judgment.

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Key Verses & Themes

Growth in Christian Character:
“Make every effort to add to your faith goodness; and to goodness, knowledge; and to knowledge,
self-control; and to self-control, perseverance; and to perseverance, godliness; and to godliness,
brotherly kindness; and to brotherly kindness, love. For if you possess these qualities in increasing
measure, they will keep you from being ineffective and unproductive in your knowledge of our Lord
Jesus Christ” (2 Peter 1:5-8).

God’s Patience:
“But do not forget this one thing, dear friends: With the Lord a day is like a thousand years, and
a thousand years are like a day. The Lord is not slow in keeping his promise, as some understand
slowness. He is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish, but everyone to come to repentance”
(2 Peter 3:8-9).

So what?
In this letter, Peter makes frequent use of the word “knowledge” in various forms. What we know -
intellectually, experientially, and relationally - can make a big difference in the way we live our lives.
In fact, Peter states that his purpose in writing this letter (and his previous one) is to “stimulate you to
wholesome thinking” (3:1). Throughout 2 Peter he focuses on knowing such things as the inspiration
of Scripture, the certainty of Christ’s return, and God’s kindness manifested in his patience. Are these
things I know? What difference do these things make in my daily life?

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New Testament Book Overviews I John

Outline
1. Fellowship in God’s Light (1 & 2)

2. Fellowship in God’s Love (3 & 4)

3. Fellowship in God’s Life (5)

What does it say?

John writes this letter to his “dear children,” encouraging them in their walk with God. The central
theme is FELLOWSHIP within the family of God. John addresses the criteria and characteristics of this
fellowship. Central to the book are three assertions about God: 1. God is light, 2. God is love, and 3. God
is life. Fellowship occurs as we grasp these truths and walk in them. Throughout the letter, John also
refutes false teachings that denies the deity of Jesus. This is a simply written yet profound exhortation
to continue to abide in Christ, assured of eternal life.

Faces & Places

Except for Jesus Christ, there is no mention of any individual in this book. John, the author, does not
even include his own name, likely due to his familiarity among the readers. This John is the beloved
disciple who also wrote the Gospel of John and the book of Revelation. According to tradition John
spent his latter years in Ephesus, suggesting that city as the place of this letter’s writing.

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Key Verses & Themes

Fellowship:
“We proclaim to you what we have seen and heard, so that you also may have fellowship with us.
And our fellowship is with the Father and with his Son, Jesus Christ” (1 John 1:3).

Confession:
“If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just and will forgive us our sins and purify us from all
unrighteousness” (1 John 1:9).

Love:
“This is how we know what love is: Jesus Christ laid down his life for us. And we ought to lay down
our lives for our brothers” (1 John 3:16).

So what?
John walked (literally) with Jesus, he witnessed his power, heard his words, and experienced persecution
on Christ’s behalf. In reading 1 John, we are sitting at the feet of an older, godly, wise man. In simple
yet profound words, John shares his insights into the Christian walk. He puts his finger on a few key
thoughts that he wants to leave with his readers.

Over and over, John points to fellowship with God and with each other. How significant is God’s love
for me? John can hardly contain himself when he writes of God’s love which is “lavished on us” (1 John
3:1). Later in the letter, he encourages his readers to “know and rely on the love God has for us” (1 John
4:16). Am I bathing in God’s love today? If not, what is blocking my rich enjoyment?

Because God loves us, we are to love one another (1 John 4:11). This love is to be sacrificial. “Jesus
Christ laid down his life for us. And we ought to lay down our lives for our brothers” (1 John 3:16).

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New Testament Book Overviews II John

Outline
1. Practice the Truth (vv. 1-6)

2. Protect the Truth (vv. 7-13)

What does it say?

This brief letter is written to “the chosen lady and her children,” who are being infiltrated by false
teachers. John draws their attention to “the truth,” both praising and warning them. He encourages
them to continue walking in the truth by obeying God’s commands and loving each other. At the same
time, however, their love is not to be without discernment. He urges the readers to protect the truth
by not receiving into their homes those who reject the teaching of Christ. Hospitality towards false
teachers only aids them in their deception.

Faces & Places

This letter is identified as “the elder” (2 John 1:1). The early church fathers clearly pointed to John the
apostle as the author.

Second John is addressed to “the chosen lady and her children.” Some suggest this is a specific woman
and her children. Others believe this is a figurative description of a local church. In either case, John
knew these readers well. John sends greetings from “your chosen sister,” possibly a sister church.

No location is mentioned, although tradition suggests Ephesus as the place of John’s writing.

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Key Verses & Themes

Truth:
“It has given me great joy to find some of your children walking in the truth, just as the Father has
commanded us” (2 John 4).

Love:
“I ask that we love one another. And this is love: that we walk in obedience to his commands. As you
have heard from the beginning, his command is that you walk in love” (2 John 5-6).

Avoiding False Teachers:

“Anyone who runs ahead and does not continue in the teaching of Christ does not have God; whoever
continues in the teaching has both the Father and the Son. If anyone comes to you and does not
bring this teaching, do not take him into your house or welcome him” (2 John 9-10).

So what?
In this “postcard,” John emphasizes both truth and love. And the two are tightly woven together.
Truth is not merely intellectual understanding. Rather, it is something that also permeates our hearts,
impacting the way we relate to those around us. Walking in God’s truth means walking in love with
each other. Am I in love with God’s truth? Do I deeply delight in the truth as it is revealed in God’s
Book? And, am I in love with God’s people? Do I continually move towards people for their good?

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New Testament Book Overviews III John

Outline
1. Commendation of Gaius (vv. 1-8)

2. Condemnation of Diotrephes (vv. 9-11)

3. Recommendation of Demetrius (vv. 12-14)

What does it say?

The shortest book in the Bible, 3 John is a letter to a personal friend named Gaius. John delights in
Gaius’ walk, commending his faithfulness and love. Most admirable is the hospitality he extends to
the traveling messengers of Christ. John also condemns a man named Diotrephes, an arrogant and
dictatorial leader in the church. By way of contrast John applauds Demetrius, a man with an outstanding
reputation.

Faces & Places

The author of 3 John is identified only as “the elder,” most likely a reference to John the apostle. The
recipient is a man named Gaius, a man whom John repeatedly refers to as “dear friend.”

Two other men are mentioned in this brief letter: Diotrephes, a dictatorial leader in the church who
refused to extend hospitality to Christian messengers, and Demetrius, a man with a good reputation
whom John commended.

No location is mentioned in this letter. As with 1st and 2nd John, tradition suggests Ephesus as the
place of writing.

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Key Verses & Themes

Walking in the Truth:
“I have no greater joy than to hear that my children are walking in the truth” (3 John 4).

Hospitality:
“Dear friend, you are faithful in what you are doing for the brothers, even though they are strangers
to you. They have told the church about your love. You will do well to send them on their way in a
manner worthy of God. It was for the sake of the Name that they went out, receiving no help from
the pagans. We ought therefore to show hospitality to such men so that we may work together for
the truth” (3 John 5-8).

So what?
First John stresses fellowship with God. Second John forbids fellowship with those spreading false
doctrine. Third John emphasizes fellowship with Christian brothers and sisters. John spells this out
clearly: “We ought therefore to show hospitality to such men so that we may work together for the
truth” (v. 8).

Other passages in the New Testament strongly promote hospitality among Christians. It is encouraged
it among widows (1 Tim. 5:10), church leaders (1 Tim. 3:2; Titus 1:8), and all believers in general
(Romans 12:13; 1 Peter 4:9). To whom can I extend hospitality this week? this month?

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New Testament Book Overviews Jude

Outline
1. Salutation (vv. 1-2)

2. Reason for the Letter (vv. 3-4)

3. Warning Against False Teachers (vv. 5-16)

4. Exhortations to the Believers (vv. 17-23)

5. Doxology (vv. 24-25)

What does it say?

This letter paints a vivid picture of the threats of false teaching in the church. Jude wanted to write
a letter concerning salvation, but instead urges his readers to “contend for the faith” (v. 3). Jude
reminds them of the convincing judgment carried out by God in the past, including unbelieving Jews,
rebellious angels, and the corrupt cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. He also points out the false teachers’
disrespectful and worthless character as well as their prophesied condemnation. Jude exhorts his
readers to be aware of these men, to nurture their own spiritual growth, and to compassionately help
others. This brief letter closes with an explosive doxology, in which God is exalted as magnificent
Savior and Protector of his people.

Faces & Places

The author identifies himself as “Jude, a servant of Jesus Christ and a brother of James.” This is likely
Jude one of Jesus’ brothers, also called Judas in the gospels.

Jude mentions a number of Old Testament characters as examples, including Cain, Balaam, Korah,
Enoch, and the disbelieving Israelites who came out of Egypt. Also included are Michael the archangel
and rebellious angels.

Locations referred to include Egypt and the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah.

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Key Verses & Themes

Contend for the Faith:
“Dear friends, although I was very eager to write to you about the salvation we share, I felt I had to
write and urge you to contend for the faith that was once for all entrusted to the saints” (Jude 3).

God our Savior:

“To him who is able to keep you from falling and to present you before his glorious presence without
fault and with great joy - to the only God our Savior be glory, majesty, power and authority, through
Jesus Christ our Lord, before all ages, now and forevermore! Amen” (Jude 24-25).

So what?
Jude’s short but powerful letter urges his readers to “contend for the faith.” They were in danger of
mixing error with God’s truth. Our danger is no less as we live in an age of relativism and syncretism.
Like the people of the early church, we need to hold to the truths taught in Scripture. Without becoming
dogmatic in all sorts of minor theological issues, we should become grounded in the fundamentals of
the faith.

Jude encourages his readers to be aware of false teachers, and, at the same time, to nurture their
own spiritual growth. “Build yourselves up in your most holy faith and pray in the Holy Spirit. Keep
yourselves in God’s love as you wait for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ to bring you to eternal life”
(Jude 20-21). What does it mean for me to keep myself in God’s love? What practical steps can I take to
further edify myself in my faith?

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New Testament Book Overviews Revelation

Outline
1. What You Have Seen (1)

2. What Is Now (2-3)

3. What Will Take Place Later (4-22)

What does it say?

The book of Revelation is a fitting capstone to the Bible. As Genesis describes the beginnings of human
history, Revelation depicts the consummation. While on the island of Patmos John writes to seven
churches, disclosing his visions of coming judgment and restoration. Central to this book is the Lord
Jesus Christ. Jesus is portrayed as the worthy Redeemer who possesses authority to judge wickedness
and rule with perfect righteousness. With vivid imagery, Revelation paints the cosmic battle between
God and his faithful people and the forces of evil who are bent on destroying God’s plan.

Faces & Places

The individual that stands out above all the others is the Lord Jesus Christ. Among the many descriptions,
Jesus is the First and the Last, the Living One, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, the
Lamb who looked as if it was slain, the rider called Faithful and True, the Word of God, King of Kings
and Lord of Lords, the Alpha and the Omega, and the bright Morning Star.

Revelation contains many colorful characters including: the author John, the apostle and writer of the
gospel of John; 24 elders; living creatures; numerous angels; colorful riders and their horses; Christian
martyrs; 144,000 from the tribes of Israel; a woman clothed with the sun; an enormous red dragon,
called Satan; a monstrous beast with 7 heads and 10 horns; another beast with two horns; 3 frog-like
evil spirits; and a great prostitute who sits on a scarlet beast.

John wrote this book from Patmos, a tiny island off the coast of Asia Minor. It was one of the places
to which the Romans banished their exiles. Tradition says that John was sent there by the Emperor
Domitian in A.D. 95.

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Revelation | Return to Table of Contents New Testament Book Overviews

The recipients of this book are seven churches located in the cities of Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum,
Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia and Laodicea. These cities were in Asia Minor, located about 50 miles
apart.

Key Verses & Themes

Jesus Christ:
“I saw heaven standing open and there before me was a white horse, whose rider is called Faithful
and True. With justice he judges and makes war. His eyes are like blazing fire, and on his head are
many crowns. He has a name written on him that no one knows but he himself. He is dressed in a
robe dipped in blood, and his name is the Word of God. The armies of heaven were following him,
riding on white horses and dressed in fine linen, white and clean. Out of his mouth comes a sharp
sword with which to strike down the nations. ‘He will rule them with an iron scepter.’ He treads the
winepress of the fury of the wrath of God Almighty. On his robe and on his thigh he has this name
written: KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS” (Revelation 19:11-16).

Worship:
“Whenever the living creatures give glory, honor and thanks to him who sits on the throne and
who lives for ever and ever, the twenty-four elders fall down before him who sits on the throne, and
worship him who lives for ever and ever. They lay their crowns before the throne and say: ‘You are
worthy, our Lord and God, to receive glory and honor and power, for you created all things, and by
your will they were created and have their being’” (Revelation 4:9-11).

New Heaven & New Earth:

“Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away,
and there was no longer any sea. I saw the Holy City, the new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven
from God, prepared as a bride beautifully dressed for her husband. And I heard a loud voice from
the throne saying, ‘Now the dwelling of God is with men, and he will live with them. They will be his
people, and God himself will be with them and be their God. He will wipe every tear from their eyes.
There will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain, for the old order of things has passed
away’” (Revelation 21:1-4).

So what?
The book of Revelation is a magnificent picture book. Painted on these pages are colorful and wild
portraits of the Lord Jesus Christ, thunderous choirs of redeemed saints, angels unleashing deadly
plagues, bizarre beasts, martyred believers pleading for judgment to be carried out, the mother of
prostitutes, and a glorious new heaven and earth. This is a book that evokes a sense of wonder and
invites us to use our imagination. Above all, Revelation is a book that invites us to worship. We serve a

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God who is orchestrating history towards the ultimate glorification of his Son, Jesus. We follow a Lamb
who is, indeed, worthy of our adoration and praise.

Revelation closes with a powerful invitation: “The Spirit and the bride say, ‘Come!’ And let him who
hears say, ‘Come!’ Whoever is thirsty, let him come; and whoever wishes, let him take the free gift of
the water of life.” Have I taken a drink from that free gift? Do I continually satisfy my thirst from the
true Giver of life?

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